HOME Cart(0) Quotation About-Us Policy PDFs Standard-List
www.ChineseStandard.net Database: 189759 (19 Oct 2025)

WS/T 236-2017 English PDF

US$379.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 4 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email.
WS/T 236-2017: Diagnosis for genital herpes
Status: Valid

WS/T 236: Evolution and historical versions

Standard ID	Contents [version]	USD	STEP2	[PDF] delivered in	Standard Title (Description)	Status	PDF
WS/T 236-2017	English	379	Add to Cart	4 days [Need to translate]	Diagnosis for genital herpes	Valid	WS/T 236-2017
WS/T 236-2017	English	379	Add to Cart	4 days [Need to translate]	Diagnosis for genital herpes	Valid	WS/T 236-2017
WS 236-2003	English	519	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Diagnostic criteria and principles of management of genital herpes	Obsolete	WS 236-2003

PDF similar to WS/T 236-2017

Standard similar to WS/T 236-2017

GB 15979 GB/T 15981 WS/T 641 WS 233 WS/T 235

Basic data

Standard ID	WS/T 236-2017 (WS/T236-2017)
Description (Translated English)	Diagnosis for genital herpes
Sector / Industry	Health Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard	C59
Word Count Estimation	15,114
Date of Issue	2017-07-24
Date of Implementation	2018-02-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard)	WS 236-2003
Regulation (derived from)	State-Health-Communication (2017) 7
Issuing agency(ies)	National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China

WS/T 236-2017: Diagnosis for genital herpes

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Genital herpes diagnosis) ICS 11.020 C 59 WS People's Republic of China health industry standards Replace WS 236-2003 Genital herpes diagnosis Diagnosis for genital herpes 2017 - 07 - 24 Posted 2018 - 02 - 01 implementation People's Republic of China National Health and Family Planning Commission released

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces WS 236-2003 "genital herpes diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment", this standard from the date of implementation, WS 236-2003 Abolished at the same time. This standard compared with WS 236-2003, the main changes are as follows. - The standard nature of the mandatory by the recommendation; - The standard name changed to "genital herpes diagnosis"; - Added terms, definitions and abbreviations (see chapters 2 and 3); - An increase of primary genital herpes in clinical manifestations (see 5.2.1); - Clinical manifestations of non-primary infection increased primary genital herpes (see 5.2.1.3); - Increased nucleic acid testing in laboratory tests (see 5.3.3); - Increased antibody testing in laboratory tests (see 5.3.4); - Removed handling principles (see Chapter 3 of.2003); - Remove the treatment principle (see.2003 version 3.1); - Removed clinical cure criteria (see version 3.2 in.2003); - Removed management and prevention (see.2003 version 3.3); - Removed cytology from Annex A (Tzanck smear) (see Appendix A.2 of the.2003 edition); - Removed Appendix B treatment and treatment of genital herpes (see.2003 edition of Appendix B); - References removed (see.2003 edition); - Added Appendix C herpes simplex virus nucleic acid amplification test (see Appendix C); - Added Appendix D herpes simplex virus-specific antibody test (see Appendix D). This standard was drafted. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology (Institute), Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Zhongshan University Affiliated Third hospital. The main drafters of this standard. Jiang Juan, Gong Xiangdong, Wang Qianqiu, Su Xiaohong, Lai Weihong, Xu Jinhua, Lu Chun. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. - WS 236-2003. Genital herpes diagnosis

1 Scope

This standard specifies the diagnosis of genital herpes principle, diagnosis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This standard applies to all types of medical institutions at all levels and their medical staff on the diagnosis of genital herpes.

2 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1 Herpes simplex virus; HSV Herpesvirus, herpes zoster virus subfamily, simple virus genus of double-stranded DNA virus, genomic DNA about 150 kb, the virus core-shell lipid Quality glycoproteins have neuropathic properties. Note. According to herpes simplex virus envelope glycoprotein G (gG) specific antigenic determinants gG-1 and gG-2, the herpes simplex virus is divided into HSV 1 and HSV 2 two Serotypes, whose genomic homology is about 50%. Herpes simplex virus type 2 mainly affects the genitals and anus and their surrounding parts; herpes simplex virus type 1 To violate the face, but also violations of the genitals and anus and the surrounding parts. 2.2 Genital herpes genital herpes Herpes simplex virus infection of the genitals and the anus and the surrounding area of the skin and mucous membranes, painful blisters and superficial ulcers as the main features A chronic recurrent sexually transmitted disease. 2.3 Initial genital herpes initial episode Divided into primary infection of primary genital herpes and non-primary infection of primary genital herpes. The former is past herpes simplex virus Infection, the first attack of clinical symptoms after the first infection with herpes simplex virus, does not occur with herpes simplex virus in infected individuals ; The latter for the past had herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 infection, again infected with another type of herpes simplex virus and genital herpes Of the first attack, in the infected individuals already exist with the current type of infection of herpes simplex virus antibodies. 2.4 Recurrent genital herpes recurrent episode Recurrence of clinical symptoms of genital herpes, in the first episode of skin lesions subsided, after a period of asymptomatic period, rash again or repeatedly Make. Asymptomatic period can be intermittent release of the virus. Genital hernia and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection recurrence frequency higher than herpes simplex The frequency of recurrent type 1 infection.

3 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations apply to this document. CPE. cytopathic effect HSV. herpes simplex virus PCR. Polymerase chain reaction (polymerase chain reaction)

4 diagnostic principles

Based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests conducted a comprehensive analysis to make a diagnosis.

5 diagnostic basis

5.1 Epidemiological history History of unsafe sex, or history of multiple sexual partners, or history of sexual partners. 5.2 Clinical manifestations 5.2.1 Initial genital herpes 5.2.1.1 incubation period 2 d ~ 20 d, an average of 6 d. Beginning as erythema and mound herpes, soon developed into clusters or scattered small blisters, 2 d ~ 4 d after the formation of ulceration erosion or superficial ulcers, burning and pain. Duration of sustainable 2 weeks to 4 weeks. Men occur in the foreskin, coronal ditch, Glans, penis, mons pubis, may be associated with urethritis performance. Women occur in the size of the labia, vagina, cervix, perineum and mons pubis. Have Anal sex may have anal, rectal involvement, manifested as perianal blisters or ulcers, anal pain, tenesmus, constipation and rectal mucus Sexual secretions and so on. 5.2.1.2 primary infection of primary genital herpes, severe clinical symptoms, often accompanied by general malaise, fatigue, fever, headache, myalgia Systemic symptoms, inguinal lymph nodes, tenderness, longer duration. 5.2.1.3 Non-primary infection of primary genital herpes, clinical symptoms and primary infection is similar, in some cases the condition is relatively mild. 5.2.2 recurrent genital herpes Compared with the first genital herpes, less symptoms, blisters, erosion or ulcer lesions less, shorter duration, more in 1 week Internal healing, inguinal lymph nodes and systemic symptoms are rare. Pre-eruption may have prodromal symptoms, manifested as a local burning sensation, tingling, feeling different Often. A small number of patients with atypical clinical symptoms, manifested as episodic genitals or anus around the erythema, chapped, erosion and so on. 5.3 Laboratory tests 5.3.1 genital herpes laboratory specimens collected in Appendix A. 5.3.2 virus culture. Herpes simplex virus is isolated from clinical specimens by cell culture (see annex B, section B.1). 5.3.3 Antigen detection. Immunofluorescence test (IFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of clinical specimens, herpes simplex virus The original positive (see B.2). 5.3.4 Nucleic acid test. Herpes simplex virus DNA is detected from clinical specimens using the nucleic acid amplification assay (see Appendix C). 5.3.5 Antibody detection. Herpes simplex virus type 2 specific serum antibody test positive (see Appendix D).

6 diagnostic

6.1 Clinical diagnosis of cases Meet 5.2, with or without 5.1 and 5.3.5. 6.2 confirmed cases Meet the clinical diagnosis of cases, and in line with any of 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4.

7 differential diagnosis

7.1 a syphilis The clinical manifestations of scabies, ulcers are generally single, diameter 1 cm ~ 2 cm, round or oval, clear boundaries, slightly raised edge, Smear clean; palpable solid base, infiltration obvious, cartilage-like hardness, no pain or tenderness, with painless inguinal lymph nodes. Collapse Ulcer surface dark microscopic examination shows Treponema pallidum, syphilis antibody positive. 7.2 Soft 疳 Genital or perianal inflammatory papules, 1 d ~ 2 d quickly became pustular, ulcerated to form a painful ulcer, soft base, the edge is not the whole, Sneak can be worn chisel. There may be satellite lesions around, often accompanied by purulent painful inguinal lymphadenitis. Ulcers do not appear repeatedly recurrence. Ducrey Haemophilus culture positive. A AB Appendix A. (Normative) Genital herpes laboratory test specimens collection methods A.1 collection of specimens A.1.1 specimen collection type According to the laboratory test methods and clinical manifestations of the corresponding specimens collected, etiological detection methods collected specimens including blister fluid, ulcer surface seepage Liquid, urethral swabs, cervical swabs or rectal swabs; serum antibody testing to collect blood samples. A.1.2 Collection methods of different types of specimens A.1.2.1 Blister fluid drawing. blister fluid from mature blisters or pustules with 1 mL syringes and 0.5 mm caliber needles, or after blistering Sample with cotton swabs or polyester swabs. A.1.2.2 ulcer drawn. the first surface of the ulcer crust or dirt removal, and then swab hard to swab or scraping the base of the ulcer, especially ulceration Peripheral tissue of the ulcer. A.1.2.3 lesions such as erythema and papules drawn. first with a swab to remove local dirt, and then repeatedly wipe the erythema with another swab papules site, Take mucocutaneous epithelial cells, or take crusts and scab tissue fluid. A.1.2.4 Male urethral drawing. Male urethral swab into the urethra within 2 cm ~ 4 cm, twisting a few laps stay 10 s removed. A.1.2.5 female cervical canal drawing. first swab to remove a mucus on the surface of the cervix, then another swab inserted into the cervical canal 1 cm ~ 2 cm, twist Turn the circle after 10 seconds out. A.1.2.6 rectal drawing. rectal mucosal purulent secretions collected under direct vision, blind access without conditions. Insert the swab into the anal canal 2 cm ~ 3 cm, forced to the side to avoid contact with feces, collecting secretions from the crypt near the anus edge. A.1.2.7 Venous blood specimen collection. Collect 5 mL of blood from the elbow vein and inject the blood into a dry, clean test tube without anticoagulant , Until the blood clotting, 1.200 r/min centrifugal separation 10 min serum. A.1.3 Precautions Do not use disinfectant before drawing, do not use lubricant when drawn. Diseases of different stages and different morphological lesions affect the virus sensitivity Sensitive, should try to take out the new blister fluid or pustular fluid for testing. A.2 specimen delivery If not immediately after the test, the samples used for virus culture should be washed into the virus transport solution, discard the swab, set the ice Bath or 4 ℃ inspection. Specimens for immunological or molecular biology tests are placed in aseptic closed containers. A.3 specimen preservation Specimens used for virus culture should be kept in refrigerator at 4 ℃ for the day of vaccination (within 24 h); if they can not be inoculated on the same day and set at -70 ℃ Low temperature refrigerator to save. Specimens used for immunological or molecular biological tests should be processed according to the requirements of the corresponding method, ranging from 2 ° C to 8 ° C Can be stored for 48 h, longer time to save the specimen frozen in -20 ℃ or -70 ℃ low temperature refrigerator. BC

Appendix B

(Normative) Genital herpes laboratory testing methods B.1 virus culture, identification and typing B.1.1 Materials and Instruments Materials and instruments are prepared as follows. a) sensitive cell lines. commonly used cell lines mainly African green monkey kidney cells (Vero), cervical cancer cells (HeLa). b) Cell growth medium. RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% calf serum. Ingredients. RPMI 1640 16.4 g, Gentamicin Prime 50 U/mL, amphotericin B 2 μg/mL, fetal or neonatal bovine serum 10%, vancomycin 25 μg/mL, HEPES 25 mmol/L, sodium bicarbonate 3.0 g, L-glutamine 0.2 mmol/L. When formulated, add double distilled water to 1000 mL with carbonic acid Hydrogen sodium to adjust the pH to 7.2, positive pressure filtration sterilization, -20 ℃ save spare. c) Cell growth maintenance solution. RPMI 1640 maintenance solution with 2% fetal or neonatal bovine serum. d) The main equipment. carbon dioxide incubator, inverted microscope, thermostatic centrifuge, vortex shaker. B.1.2 Methods The steps are as follows. a) Preparation of monolayer cells. The steps are as follows. 1) Remove frozen cells, set 37 ℃ water bath to melt, added to the culture flask containing cell growth medium, set at 37 ℃ hatching After 8 h of incubation, the cells were replaced with fresh growth medium and cultured for 2 days to 3 days. 2) After the cells are fused into a single layer, discard the culture solution, digest the cell monolayer with an appropriate amount of trypsin solution at 37 ° C for 4 min to 5 min, After the cells are completely dispersed, add the growth medium and pipette to blow the cells to make them uniformly suspended; 3) Count the cells with a hemocytometer and dilute with growth medium to reach the desired cell concentration (approximately 105/mL) Dispense in 24-well culture plates, add 0.5 mL of cell suspension to each well; 4) Plates were incubated in 5% CO2, 37 ℃ and humidified air for 1 to 2 days, until 80% of cells were fused Cells grow into a single layer, used for specimen inoculation. b) Specimen inoculation. The steps are as follows. 1) The clinical specimens were vortexed and mixed well on a vortex shaker, and the cryopreserved specimens were immediately thawed at -70 ° C and then melted in a water bath at 37 ° C. Mix well 2) Aspirate the cell monolayer culture medium, add O.2mL ~ O.5mL sample into each well, and inoculate each sample with 1-2 wells; 3) Incubate for 1 h ~ 2 h at 37 ℃ in 5% CO 2 to allow the virus to adsorb to the cells, aspirate the sample solution and add 0.5 mL growth maintenance solution, cultured in 5% CO2, 37 ℃ and humid air for 3 d ~ 7 d. c) CPE observation. CPE observed daily after inoculation of specimens, the initial judgment of the culture results. Negative or suspicious culture positive results should be On the 7th day of observation, either the cells and the supernatant were collected and re-seeded into fresh cells. CPE recording method is as follows. 1) 0 is no CPE; 2) CPE occurs in 25% or less of cells; 3) CPE occurs in 25% to 49% of cells; 4) CPE occurs in 50% to 74% of cells; 5) CPE occurs in more than 75% of cells. d) virus passage. Cultures were collected after more than 50% of the cells had CPE and re-seeded into fresh cells. When cultured to 50% After the cells appeared CPE, the infected cells and the supernatant were collected. After centrifugation at.200 r/min for 10 min, the supernatant was discarded and freshly maintained Liquid suspension of the precipitate for HSV identification and typing. e) Identification and typing of clinical isolates of virus. Commonly used monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence test for typing. Take cell suspension smear, each A double copy of the specimen for HSV identification and typing. Direct immunofluorescence test typing method is as follows. 1) Fixation. fix the specimen with cold acetone or methanol at -20 ℃ for 10 min; 2) Rinse. Rinse 3 times with PBS pH 7.2 for 1 min each; 3) Drying. 37 ° C or natural drying; 4) Staining. Duplicate specimens were added dropwise wasothiocyanate-labeled HSV 1 and HSV 2 monoclonal antibody working solution, set at 37 ℃ wet Box, combined with 30 min ~ 1 h; 5) Rinse. Rinse three times with PBS pH 7.2 for 5 min each; 6) Drying. 37 ℃ or natural drying; 7) Closure. One drop of lidding solution (composed of 90% glycerol and 10% PBS) 8) Observation of results. Under a fluorescence microscope (UV wavelength of 495 nm) observed records, the results recorded as follows.  - no fluorescence; ± is very weak suspicious fluorescence;  weak fluorescence, but clearly visible;  Fluorescent bright;  ~ for fluorescent shiny, and a wide range. B.1.3 Results The test results are as follows. a) The CPE induced by HSV has certain characteristics. The typical CPE manifests as initial thickening of cytoplasmic granules, rounding up of cells, Then cell swelling, balloon-like changes, showing fusion cells or multinucleated giant cells. b) Immunofluorescence assay using monoclonal antibodies and typing, the positive cells in the cytoplasm and nucleus can be seen bright green fluorescence, Negative cells are counterstained into orange or dark red, bright green fluorescence. c) Initial presentation of typical CPE indicates positive culture of the virus. When using immunological methods or molecular biology method to confirm the confirmation, can be reported Reported as "HSV culture positive", while reporting the corresponding HSV type. B.1.4 Precautions Matters needing attention are as follows. a) Specimens should be inoculated as soon as possible after being drawn. Samples that can not be inoculated within 24 h should be frozen at -70 ° C. b) During the inoculation of the specimens, pay attention to the aseptic operation and avoid the bacterial and fungal contamination. All samples should be retained for some specimens to be in Experiment with culture or operation mistakes. c) Occurrence of CPE. CPE of more than 50% of positive specimens appeared after 24 h to 48 h after inoculation, and 80% to 90% of CPEs appeared At 3 days and 4 days after inoculation, more than 95% CPE appeared within 7 days. Only about 5% of the samples needed more than 7 days to appear CPE. B.1.5 Clinical Significance Virus culture is the "gold standard" for HSV testing, has strong specificity for virus isolation, and can be typed, as is the diagnosis of genital herpes cases The basis. Early blister-type skin virus positive rate of culture more than 90%, but in patients with recurrent genital herpes and non-blister pustular lesions In this method, the sensitivity dropped to 20% to 70%. B.2 antigen test B.2.1 Immunofluorescence test B.2.1.1 Materials and Instruments Materials and instruments are prepared as follows. a) 0.01 mol/L PBS buffer pH 7.2; b) Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti-HSV antibody for direct immunofluorescence assay; c) Fluorescein-labeled anti-HSV antibody without fluorescein-labeled anti-HSV antibody for indirect immunofluorescence assay; d) The main instruments. fluorescence microscope, incubator. B.2.1.2 Method Detection method is as follows. a) Direct immunofluorescence test. identification and typing of clinical isolates of virus in virus culture. b) Indirect immunofluorescence assay. The steps are as follows. 1) The specimen to be seized was fixed, dropping anti-HSV antibody in the moisture box, 37 incubator incubated 30 min, with PBS Rinse or soak for 3 times for 5 minutes, then wash once with double distilled water and dry at 37 ° C. 2) Fluorescein-labeled anti-globulin antibody was added dropwise and placed in a humid chamber at 37 ° C for 30 min before being rinsed, dried, Closure. Under the fluorescence microscope observation, observation and recording methods with the identification of virus clinical isolates in virus culture And typing. 3) Results. HSV antigen positive, the epithelial cells in the cytoplasm and nucleus can be seen bright green fluorescence; and negative, the fine epithelium Cells were counterstained into orange or dark red, bright green fluorescence. B.2.1.3 Precautions Due to the presence of natural fluorescence in tissue cells, prone to non-specific results, each test should be set known positive and negative specimen control. And should choose a good specificity, reliable quality of the antibody, the best selection of monoclonal antibodies. B.2.1.4 Clinical significance The sensitivity of immunofluorescence is 70% ~ 90% of the virus isolation and culture method, is the basis for the diagnosis of clinical cases. But the negative result can not be finished All exclusion of HSV infection, test results should be combined with clinical manifestations and medical history. B.2.2 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) B.2.2.1 Materials and Instruments Multi-use HSV ELISA kit, the kit provides include the sample transporter, HSV monoclonal antibody coated microplate, horseradish Peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase-labeled detection antibody, negative control solution, positive control solution, wash solution, enzyme reaction substrate, and color reaction Stop solution and other reagents. The main equipment microplate reader, washing machine, incubator. B.2.2.2 Methods The steps are as follows. a) Pretreatment. Return the kit and samples to room temperature. b) Load. Set blank, negative and positive controls. According to the requirements in the micropore to be seized specimens, negative and positive control solution. c) Add Enzyme Label. Enzyme-labeled conjugate as required, set 35 ℃ ~ 37 ℃, wet box incubation. d) Wash plate. use the working concentration of the washing liquid prepared on the day to wash with a plate washer, blot the remaining liquid in the blotting wells on the blotting paper. e) color. each hole enzyme reaction substrate, set 35 ℃ ~ 37 ℃, wet box incubation, dark color. f) Assay. Add Stop Solution to each well and read the OD at the desired wavelength using a microplate reader. B.2.2.3 Results Each test positive, negative control OD value should be within the specified range of values, according to the requirements of the set threshold. Specimens OD value greater than or Equal to the threshold is positive, less than the threshold is negative. B.2.2.4 Precautions Should choose to undergo a rigorous quality certification and clinical evaluation of the kit, and strictly according to the method of operation, the different batch number of reagents prohibited mixed Used together. B.2.2.5 Clinical significance The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is 85% to 95% of the virus isolation and culture method, the specificity is above 95%, the test is clinical disease Cases based on diagnosis. Negative results can not completely rule out HSV infection, the test results should be combined with clinical manifestations and medical history. B.3 herpes simplex virus nucleic acid amplification test Herpes simplex virus nucleic acid amplification test see Appendix C. B.4 herpes simplex virus-specific antibody detection Herpes simplex virus-specific antibody test in Appendix D. CD

Appendix C

(Informative) Herpes simplex virus nucleic acid amplification test C.1 Materials and Instruments Use HSV real-time fluorescence PCR kit. The kit includes DNA extraction solution, PCR reaction tube, negative control, critical positive Quality control, strong positive control, positive quantitative reference and so on. Need fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, high-speed centrifuge and other major instruments. C.2 urogenital swab specimens nucleic acid amplification method C.2.1 specimen elution steps are as follows. a) The sample to be seized to fully elution into sterile saline, centrifuged 12 000 r/min 5 min; b) Go to the supernatant, add 1 mL of sterile saline in the sediment, mix and centrifuge at 12 000 r/min for 5 min. C.2.2 DNA extraction steps are as follows. a) Go to the supernatant and add the DNA extract to the pellet. Mix thoroughly and let stand at 4 ° C for 10 min at 100 ° C. 12 000 r/min Centrifugation 5 min, the supernatant spare. b) Negative, critical positive, strong positive control, respectively, plus DNA extraction mix, 100 ℃ water bath for 10 min, 12 000 r/min Centrifuge for 5 min. Positive quantitative reference centrifuge reserve. C.2.3 sample. take PCR reaction tube, according to the requirements were added to the sample after treatment DNA extract, negative and positive control of the supernatant, Positive quantitative reference, centrifugal real-time fluorescence PCR instrument. C.2.4 Amplification. Set the negative and positive control materials and samples to be tested according to the corresponding order, and set the sample name and standard according to the instruction manual The types of fluorophores and cycling conditions were recorded and amplified. C.3 Results C.3.1 save the test data file after the reaction. According to the analysis of the image after adjusting the baseline start value, the termination value and the threshold, the instrument from Judge the determination results. C.3.2 negative quality control, positive quality control, positive quantitative reference should be within the effective range, otherwise invalid. Growth curve is not S-shaped or Ct value = the given value is a negative result. Growth curve was S-type or Ct value < given value is...

Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:

Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of WS/T 236-2017_English be delivered?

Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate WS/T 236-2017_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 2 ~ 4 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.

Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of WS/T 236-2017_English with my colleagues?

Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of WS/T 236-2017_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.

Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?

Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countries

Question 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?

Answer: Yes. If you need your currency to be printed on the invoice, please write an email to [email protected]. In 2 working-hours, we will create a special link for you to pay in any currencies. Otherwise, follow the normal steps: Add to Cart -- Checkout -- Select your currency to pay.

Question 5: Should I purchase the latest version WS/T 236-2017?

Answer: Yes. Unless special scenarios such as technical constraints or academic study, you should always prioritize to purchase the latest version WS/T 236-2017 even if the enforcement date is in future. Complying with the latest version means that, by default, it also complies with all the earlier versions, technically.