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NB/T 41008-2017: Power supply technical guidelines for AC electric arc furnace. Power quality assessment
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Basic data

Standard ID NB/T 41008-2017 (NB/T41008-2017)
Description (Translated English) Power supply technical guidelines for AC electric arc furnace. Power quality assessment
Sector / Industry Energy Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard K04
Word Count Estimation 24,288
Date of Issue 2017-08-02
Date of Implementation 2017-12-01
Quoted Standard GB/T 12325; GB/T 12326; GB/T 14549; GB/T 15543; GB/T 15945-2008; GB/T 17626.30; GB/T 17626.1; GB/T 19862; GB/T 24337; GB/T 17626.2; GB/T 17626.3; GB/T 17626.4; GB/T 17626.5; GB/T 17626.6; GB/T 17626.7; GB/T 17626.8; GB/T 17626.9; GB/T 17626.10; GB/T 17626
Regulation (derived from) National Energy Board Bulletin 2017 No. 8; Industry Standard Filing Announcement 2017 No. 10 (Total No. 214)
Issuing agency(ies) National Energy Administration

NB/T 41008-2017: Power supply technical guidelines for AC electric arc furnace. Power quality assessment


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(Technical evaluation of power supply for AC electric arc furnace power quality) ICS 29.020 K04 Record number. 59838-2017 People's Republic of China Energy Industry Standard AC electric arc furnace power supply technical guidelines Power quality assessment Published on.2017-08-02 2017-12-01 implementation Published by the National Energy Administration

Content

Foreword III 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Evaluation Indicator 2 5 General requirements for power quality assessment 2 6 Pre-assessment 3 7 Monitoring and evaluation 4 Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Basic Model of AC Arc Furnace Power Supply 6 Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Power Impact Estimation Method 8 Appendix C (informative) AC arc furnace harmonic current experience data 9 Appendix D (Normative Appendix) Harmonic Voltage Calculation Method 10 Appendix E (informative) Impact of AC arc furnace operation on power supply frequency 11 Appendix F (Normative Appendix) Field Test Power Quality Assessment Report Requirements 13 Appendix G (informative) Introduction to the production process of AC arc furnace 16

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Voltage and Current Rating and Frequency Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted. Xi'an Boyu Electric Co., Ltd., China Machine Productivity Promotion Center, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai Electric Power Communication Co., Ltd., Beijing Bodian Xinneng Power Technology Co., Ltd. Company, Weisheng Energy Industry Technology Co., Ltd., State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company Power Science Research Institute, Power Quality Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education of Anhui University. The main drafters of this standard. Liu Juncheng, Zhang Ping, Yuan Xiaodong, Lin Haixue, Su Guoyou, Dong Rui'an, Qi Zefeng, Jin Weiyu, Huang Yongning, Wang Jinhao, Li Lingdong. AC electric arc furnace power supply technical guidelines Power quality assessment

1 Scope

This standard specifies the basic requirements and methods for power quality assessment under normal operating conditions of AC arc furnaces. This standard is applicable to the evaluation of the electrical power quality of AC arc furnace for PCC point; the power supply loop for PCC point and AC arc furnace The electrical power quality assessment of other nodes between the sections can be performed with reference to this standard.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 12325 power quality supply voltage deviation GB/T 12326 power quality voltage fluctuations and flicker GB/T 14549 power quality utility grid harmonics GB/T 15543 power quality three-phase voltage imbalance GB/T 15945-2008 Power quality power system frequency deviation GB/T 17626.30 Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology GB/T 17626 (all parts) Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology GB/T 19862 General requirements for power quality monitoring equipment GB/T 24337 Power Quality Utility Grid Interharmonics

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Improvement rate improvementratio Used to describe the comprehensive compensation effect of power quality control equipment or technical measures. Its value is equal to before or after the control equipment is put into operation or technical measures The relative rate of change of the power quality indicators measured at the nodes to be evaluated before and after implementation, see equation (1). K= Xo-xt Xo × 100% (1) In the formula. K --- improvement rate; Xo---the evaluation value of the power quality indicator before the equipment is operated; Xt---The evaluation value of the power quality indicator after controlling the operation of the equipment. 3.2 Monitoring and evaluation monitoringassessment The measured power data is compared with the allowable limits to evaluate various power quality parameters. [GB/T 32507-2016, definition 3.19] 3.3 Pre-evaluated predictedassessment A model is established for the evaluation object, and various power quality parameters are evaluated by calculating the obtained pre-estimated data. [GB/T 32507-2016, definition 3.20] 3.4 Public connection point pointofcommoncoupling; PCC The connection of more than one user in the power system. [GB/T 32507-2016, definition 2.1.19]

4 Evaluation indicators

The main indicators of the electric power quality assessment for AC arc furnace are as follows. a) frequency deviation; b) voltage deviation; c) voltage changes; d) flicker; e) harmonics; f) interharmonics; g) Three-phase unbalance. Note 1. The evaluation parameters can select some or all of the above indicators; the frequency deviation is mainly evaluated for large electric arc furnaces. Note 2. The evaluation indicators may also include electrical quantities of interest to other interested parties, such as power impact, power efficiency, power factor, and negative sequence current.

5 General requirements for power quality assessment

5.1 Evaluation of the scope of application 5.1.1 Pre-assessment The pre-assessment is mainly applicable to the planning, design, or commissioning operation of the AC arc furnace power supply system. 5.1.2 Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring and evaluation is mainly applicable to the operation phase of AC arc furnace operation and the effect of power quality control equipment or the implementation of technical measures. Evaluation. 5.2 Applicable standards and their allocation of indicators 5.2.1 PCC point power quality assessment Power quality assessment (including limit allocation) for PCC points should be based on national and industry power quality standards. 5.2.2 Evaluation of power quality of downstream power supply at PCC point For the electric power quality assessment and its limit distribution within the AC arc furnace power supply enterprise, it should be based on GB/T 17626 (all departments) Sub-). 5.3 Evaluation point selection principle The principle of selecting the power quality assessment point for AC arc furnace is. a) In principle, the electrical power quality assessment requirements for AC arc furnaces are to be carried out at the PCC point; b) If necessary, you can choose to evaluate the power quality of the relevant nodes in the AC arc furnace enterprise. 5.4 Design or measured data Evaluate the required design or measured parameters, including. a) short-circuit capacity to be evaluated, maximum short-circuit capacity for normal operation, and minimum short-circuit capacity for normal operation; b) capacity of the power supply equipment; c) One-time wiring diagram of the electric arc furnace power supply system, including electrical equipment parameters, such as transformer nameplate parameters, wiring (cable) Model and length, nameplate parameters of the loop series reactor, etc.; d) AC arc furnace design parameters and operating parameters, including leads and their electrode parameters, short net (high current system) impedance, melting period work Rate factor, power factor during refining period, nameplate parameters of electric arc furnace, process parameters, etc. e) range of reactive power variation, design harmonic generation; f) nameplate parameters of all reactive power compensation equipment; g) equipment parameters of the self-contained power plant including the generator; h) Motor nameplate parameters. 6 Pre-evaluation 6.1 Circuit model used for pre-assessment The pre-evaluation recommended AC arc furnace circuit model is shown in Appendix A. 6.2 Power quality interference calculation method 6.2.1 Assumptions The pre-assessment calculation of power quality indicators and other electrical quantities is carried out under the following assumptions. a) The three-phase supply voltage is symmetrical and is a pure sine wave; b) the electrical parameters of the system power supply are symmetrical; c) The electric arc furnace and its electrical electrical parameters are symmetrical. 6.2.2 Power shock and its corresponding voltage change estimate 6.2.2.1 Calculation method The reactive power impact during AC arc furnace operation and its corresponding voltage variation estimation method are shown in Appendix B. 6.2.2.2 Voltage change assessment method Voltage change assessment should be performed in accordance with GB/T 12326. 6.2.3 Pre-evaluation of three-phase unbalance 6.2.3.1 Calculation method This standard recommends the use of the symmetrical component method to calculate the level of imbalance caused during the operation of AC arc furnace; mature short circuit can be used Flow calculation program. 6.2.3.2 Calculation conditions Set the evaluation point to operate at the rated voltage. Calculate the sequence current and its sequence voltage caused by the single-pole floating and two-phase short-circuit operating conditions. According to GB/T 15543, the serious ones are taken as the final evaluation results. 6.2.3.3 Evaluation method According to GB/T 15543. 6.2.4 Harmonic pre-assessment 6.2.4.1 Determination of harmonic current level of electric arc furnace The amount of harmonic current generation should be determined based on the design of the electric arc furnace or related design manual. Appendix C is the harmonic level of some types of electric arc furnace Experience value. 6.2.4.2 Harmonic calculation The node harmonic current injection method should be used to calculate the harmonic voltage distortion level of the evaluation point. See Appendix D for node harmonic current injection. 6.2.4.3 Evaluation method Should be carried out in accordance with GB/T 14549. 6.2.5 Power supply frequency impact assessment 6.2.5.1 During the operation of the AC arc furnace, the active impact will have an impact on the operating frequency of the grid. About AC arc furnace operation for power supply Refer to Appendix E for the frequency impact. 6.2.5.2 When it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the power supply frequency, consider applying the formula (E.1) in Appendix E for calculation and evaluation. 6.3 Evaluation report and conclusion The evaluation report should include the following. a) background and process description; b) design or measured data; c) assumptions; d) based on standards and their limit indicators; e) evaluate the circuit model used; f) a simulation curve of active, reactive, apparent power, power factor as a function of arc current; g) the level of reactive power fluctuations and their voltage change levels; h) conclusion of voltage change evaluation; i) Harmonic evaluation conclusions; j) conclusion of three-phase unbalance evaluation; k) Other evaluation indicators.

7 Monitoring and evaluation

7.1 Test instrument technical requirements The test instrument should meet. a) General requirements for GB/T 19862 power quality monitoring equipment; b) GB/T 17626.30 Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology Power quality measurement method. 7.2 Evaluation criteria The assessment method should follow the following national standards. a) GB/T 12325; b) GB/T 15945; c) GB/T 15543; d) GB/T 14549; e) GB/T 24337; f) GB/T 12326. 7.3 Test cycle The test cycle should be determined in consideration of the following requirements. a) should cover all possible combinations of operating conditions for AC arc furnaces, including packing, arcing, oxidation, reduction, etc.; b) Minimum test period. continuous 24h test under normal operating conditions; c) If there are reactive power compensation and power quality control equipment, these equipments should be put into normal operation. Note. When evaluating the effect of power quality control equipment, the test period should include. the minimum period of test is 24h when the equipment to be evaluated is not running; Under the normal operation of the equipment, the minimum period of testing is 24h. 7.4 Evaluation method 7.4.1 According to the corresponding national standards, give specific evaluation results to the following power quality indicators, and give conclusions on whether or not to exceed the standard, provide 24h curve. a) voltage deviation; b) frequency deviation; c) flicker; d) harmonic voltage and current; e) interharmonic voltage; f) Three-phase unbalance. 7.4.2 Give the average of the following electrical parameters and give the curve. a) active power; b) reactive power; c) power factor; d) Fundamental power factor. Note. The performance evaluation of power quality control equipment should be carried out under the following conditions. a) In the case that the power quality control equipment is not operating, evaluate according to 7.4 requirements; b) Re-evaluate according to the requirements of 7.4 under the operation of the power quality control equipment; c) Comparing the evaluation results of the above two cases, giving the final evaluation of the equipment management effect, mainly including. the amount of indicators concerned before and after the compensation equipment is put into operation Change in value, improvement rate, and whether it exceeds the standard. 7.5 Evaluation Report Requirements See Appendix F.

Appendix A

(normative appendix) Basic model of AC arc furnace power supply A.1 AC arc furnace pre-evaluation model a) before compensation b) after compensation Figure A.1 AC arc furnace pre-evaluation model In Figure A.1, the upstream of the PCC point is the power supply system, U is the power supply voltage, Xs is the system inductive reactance; the downstream of the PCC point is the internal power supply of the electric arc furnace. Wiring, Xt is the short-circuit impedance of the steel plant total step-down transformer or step-down transformer (referred to as. total drop), Xf is the electric arc furnace transformer (referred to as. furnace change) Short-circuit impedance, Xd, r are the inductive reactance and resistance of the lead and the electrode. The compensation device can be an impedance change type (eg SVC) or an active type (eg SVG). A.2 Simplified analysis circuit The simplified analysis circuit of Figure A.1 is shown in Figure A.2. Figure A.2 Figure A.1 simplified circuit In Figure A.2, U is the power supply voltage (phase voltage), X=X1 X2, where X1 is the integrated impedance seen upstream from the evaluation point. (taking into account the influence of the compensation device), X2 is the comprehensive impedance of the evaluation point looking downstream (taking into account the influence of the compensation device), the arc is variable Resistor R1 represents, and is set to. R = R1 r. According to the electrician theory, there is a formula (A.1)~ formula (A.7). Flow through the evaluation point current RMS. I= (R2 X2) (A.1) Evaluation point power factor. Cos(φ)= R2 X2 (A.2) inspecting power. S=3×UI (A.3) Active power. P=3×U×I× R2 X2 (A.4) Arc power. Pd=3×U×I× R1 R2 X2 (A.5) Electrical efficiency. η= Pd P × 100% (A.6) Reactive power. Q=3×U×I× R2 X2 (A.7) According to the above formula analysis, only when X=R, the electric arc furnace power is the largest, and the power factor is 0.707. A.3 AC arc furnace pre-evaluation calculation example The evaluation point is the electric arc furnace power supply bus, the line voltage is 700V, the rated power of the electric arc furnace design is 60MW, X=4.04mΩ, false Let r=0. The curve of each electrical parameter obtained according to the formula in A.2 with the arc current (arc resistance) is shown in Figure A.3. Visible. when electricity When the arc current is too large, the reactive current component accounts for the main part, and the power factor is very low. Description. P --- active power in watts (W); Q --- reactive power, the unit is spent (Var); S --- apparent power in volt-amperes (V·A). Figure A.3 Schematic diagram of the simulation of the electric parameters of the electric arc furnace with the change of the arc current

Appendix B

(normative appendix) Power impact prediction method B.1 Power impact prediction method This method still uses the circuit model of Figure A.2. Let Sd=3×Upcc2/X2 (Sd refers to the short-circuit capacity of the electric arc furnace, and Upcc is the phase voltage of the PCC). In theory, the electric arc furnace absorbs The power P and the reactive power Q satisfy the formula (B.1), as shown in Figure B.1. P2 (Q-Sd/2) 2 = (Sd/2) 2 (B.1) Figure B.1 Active and reactive relationship curve of electric arc furnace Set the power factor of the electric arc furnace short net design to cosφd (point B in Figure B.1), and the rated design power factor is cosφn (Figure B.1, A) Point), then the longitudinal distance between A and B in Figure B.1 indicates the maximum reactive power shock that may occur during the operation of the EAF. ΔQmax=Sd(sin2φd-sin2φn) (B.2) If the short-circuit capacity of the PCC point is SN, the voltage change (ΔV) corresponding to the reactive power surge is. ΔV=ΔQmax/SN (B.3)

Appendix C

(informative appendix) AC arc furnace harmonic current empirical data C.1 Ultra high power AC arc furnace harmonic current experience value The summary of EAF harmonic current calculations used by different companies is shown in Table C.1. Table C.1 Summary of EAF Harmonic Current Calculations Used by Different Companies Harmonic number Harmonic current content rate (HRIh) Western Europe (BBC) Japan (Japan New Motor) British Soviet ABB Shanghai Baosteel Anda Max 95% 2 5.6 4~9 (maximum 30) 9~12 10 5.1~9.5 5.0 17.40 4.21 3 6.5 6~10 (maximum 20) 15~20 11 4.4~11.2 6.0 20.15 6.69 4 3.3 2~6 (maximum 15) 5~7 3 2.0~4.8 3.0 6.48 2.58 5 6.4 2~10 (maximum 12) 4~6 9 2.6~8.9 4.0 10.63 6.84 6 1.7 2~3 (maximum 10) 1 1.5 4.31 1.36 7 2.5 3~6 (maximum 8) 2~3 4 0.7~5.7 2.0 5.05 3.40 8 1 1.0 1.47 0.63 9 1 0.3~1.4 1.0 2.16 0.82 10 and above < 1 < 1 < 1.24 < 1 Note. This table is the empirical data of the melting period of ultra high power AC arc furnace. C.2 LF harmonic current experience value The empirical value of LF harmonic current is shown in Table C.2. Table C.2 LF harmonic current calculation Harmonic number 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11, 13 10, 12, 14~25 Hth harmonic current Content rate (HRIh) 4.0 7.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2

Appendix D

(normative appendix) Harmonic voltage calculation method For an N-node network, after acquiring the harmonic impedance of each component and its topological relationship, the harmonic admittance for a certain nth harmonic The matrix is. Yn= Yn11 Yn1i Yn1N Yni1 Ynii YniN ... YnN1 YnNi YnNN Where n ∈ H, H is the highest harmonic analysis number. For the node i to be evaluated, the harmonic current In is injected to obtain the harmonic voltage of the node. In=YnUn n∈H Where In is. In= 0 in 0 0[ ]T 􀮩 􀮫􀮪􀪁􀪁􀪁􀪁􀪁 􀪁􀪁􀪁􀪁􀪁 , in is located in the i-th position. By repeating the above process H times, the harmonic voltages of the corresponding nodes i can be obtained.

Appendix E

(informative appendix) Effect of AC arc furnace operation on power supply frequency The active power change of the electric arc furnace will cause a change in the frequency of the power supply network. GB/T 15945-2008 stipulates. "User shock load caused The system frequency variation should generally not exceed ±0.2 Hz. In the near-area grid, generator set safety, stable operation and normal power supply In the case of the impact load, the limit can be appropriately varied depending on the nature and size of the impact load and the conditions of the system. "The above regulations mean that the electric arc furnace has The evaluation of the impact of power impact power on the power supply frequency has two aspects. on the one hand, it is necessary to evaluate the frequency of the active impact power on the whole system. Deviation; on the other hand, it mainly assesses the safety and stability of rotating equipment in the local power grid in the near area, especially the generator set and its life. harm. The evaluation methods are discussed separately below. E.1 Estimation of frequency deviations caused by the entire system Because the active power fluctuation period of the electric arc furnace is short, the power supply network can sufficiently utilize its power-frequency static characteristic when subjected to such an impact. One adjustment of the sex and frequency (ie, regardless of the frequency regulator function of the generator set), the frequency fluctuation caused by the active power impact can be Equation (E.1) calculation. Δf=fN ΔP SG × ρKG KL (E.1) In the formula. Δf---frequency fluctuation caused by active power impact, in Hertz (Hz); fN --- system frequency nominal value, in Hertz (Hz), fN = 50Hz; ΔP---impact active power in megawatts (MW); SG --- system total power generation capacity in megawatts (MW); ρ --- spare capacity factor, ρ is equal to the ratio of SG to the total active load of the system; KG --- Power-frequency static characteristic coefficient of generator. Turbine generator set KG=16.6~25 (standard value); Hydrogenerator set KG=25~50 (standard value); KL --- The frequency adjustment effect coefficient of the system load, KL=1~3 (standard value). Under normal circumstances, ρ >1, indicating that the system has spare capacity. If the generator is fully loaded or the prime mover has no governor device, KG=0; When considering the influence of the active impact of the electric arc furnace, according to conservative estimation, KG=0 can be made, so that it can be known from the formula (E.1) that the impact of the active load on the frequency The effect is only related to the impact load accounted for the total capacity of the system and the frequency adjustment effect coefficient KL of the load. KL needs in the actual system Tested or estimated based on load data analysis. Using equation (E.1), in the most severe case, let KL=1, KG=0, then when active When the impact load does not exceed 0.4% of the total power generation capacity of the system, the frequency variation can be guaranteed to not exceed 0.2 Hz, which can be used as a project pre-assessment. Practical reference criteria. E.2 Estimation of damage to generator sets in near-area power grids When the power system is disturbed by a load (active power) somewhere, all the machines in the system are caused by the sudden change of the bus voltage phase of the impact point. The group has the same angular increment for the power angle of the impact point, and the slope of the initial operating point of each unit according to its power angle characteristic curve (the whole step power) is large. Small share the impact load. An electric power system with m generators, the active power disturbance amount ΔPL occurs at node k when t=0, Then it can prove the impact power of the i-th generator. ΔPi(0 )= Psik i=1 Psik Êê Úú ΔPL (E.2) In the formula. The impact power received by the ith generator at ΔPi(0)---t=0; Psik -- the full step power between the -i and k points, ie Psik= ∂Pik ∂δik δik0 =E'iUkBikcosδik0 (E.3) Where E'i is the constant electromotive force after the transient reactance of the i-th generator; Bik is the transfer susceptance between the two points i and k; when δik0 is t=0, i, k voltage phase difference between two points; Pik = E'iUkBiksinδik is the active power transmitted between i and k. It can be seen from equation (E.2) that in the moment of impact at node k, the generator set in the system will mainly be electrically connected to node k according to their respective electromotive forces. Distance (ie Bik is the reciprocal), ie the full-step power factor Psik/∑ for each k point i=1 Psik to share the disturbance amount ΔPL of the load, away from k The closer the electrical distance is, the greater the impact of sharing. This process is instantaneous and rapid. When the generator is subjected to the disturbance, However, the original electromagnetic power output is changed, and due to the mechanical inertia relationship, the mechanical power cannot be suddenly changed, which causes the power unevenness. The balance will inevitably cause a change in the speed of the generator. The magnitude of the change in speed and the moment of ...

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