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Special requirements for dangerous goods air transport - Pre-production prototypes and low production runs of lithium batteries or cells
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MH/T 1072-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | MH/T 1072-2020 (MH/T1072-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Special requirements for dangerous goods air transport - Pre-production prototypes and low production runs of lithium batteries or cells | | Sector / Industry | Civil Aviation Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | V52 | | Date of Issue | 2020-07-20 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-10-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Civil Aviation Administration of China | MHT1072-2020: Special requirements for dangerous goods air transport - Pre-production prototypes and low production runs of lithium batteries or cells
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Special requirements for dangerous goods air transport Pre-production prototypesand low production runs of lithium batteries or cells
ICS 03.220.50
Civil Aviation Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Prototypes with specific requirements for air transportation of dangerous goods and low output
Lithium battery test specification
2020-07-20 release
2020-10-01 Implementation
Issued by Civil Aviation Administration of China
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard was proposed and interpreted by the Transportation Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology.
Drafting organizations of this standard. China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, China Electronics Standardization Institute.
The main drafters of this standard. Yang Qiang, He Penglin, Liu Gang, Cheng Donghao, Zhao Ningning, Ji Hong, Chen Jun, Wang Yan.
Table of contents
Foreword...I
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 Lithium battery test...1
5 1.8 m drop test of the package...7
6 Test report...7
Appendix A (informative appendix) Lithium battery test report...9
Appendix B (informative appendix) 1.8 m drop test report for packages...23
Dangerous goods air transportation specific requirements prototype and low-volume lithium battery test specifications
1 Scope
This standard specifies the testing of prototypes and low-volume lithium batteries or battery cells involved in the "Dangerous Goods Air Transport Approval and Exemption Management Procedures"
Method and method of drop test of package.
This standard applies to prototypes and low-volume lithium batteries or dangerous goods with battery cells.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
MH/T 1020 Air Transport Specification for Lithium Batteries
MH/T 1052 Air Transport Lithium Battery Test Specification
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined by MH/T 1020 and MH/T 1052 apply to this document.
3.1
Prototype lithium battery or cell
Used for testing by air transportation, and not tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 38.3 of Part III of the "United Nations Manual of Tests and Standards"
Yes, the lithium battery or battery cell prototype before the production stage.
[From the Special Provision A88 of the ICAO "Technical Regulations for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air" with appropriate modifications]
3.2
Low production runs of lithium battery or cell
The annual production volume does not exceed 100, and the test is not carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section 38.3 of Part III of the "United Nations Manual of Tests and Standards"
Lithium battery cell or battery.
[From the Special Provision A88 of the ICAO "Technical Regulations for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air", with appropriate modifications]
4 Lithium battery test
4.1 Test range
4.1.1 Test items include.
a) T.1 height simulation test;
b) T.2 temperature test;
c) T.3 vibration test;
d) T.4 impact test;
e) T.5 external short circuit test;
f) T.6 impact and extrusion test;
g) T.8 forced discharge test.
For the test procedures and requirements of the above test items, see 4.3.
Lithium battery cells should be tested for T.1～T.6 and T.8.Lithium batteries should be tested from T.3 to T.5, and their constituent battery cells should be subjected to a full set of UN38.3
test.
4.1.2 If the battery cell or battery is different from the tested model in the following aspects, it shall be regarded as a new model and subjected to the required tests.
a) For non-rechargeable battery cells and batteries, the quality of the cathode, anode or electrolyte changes more than 0.1 g or 20% (whichever is greater);
b) For rechargeable battery cells and batteries, the rated energy changes by more than 20% or the nominal voltage has increased by more than 20%;
c) Changes that cause any test to fail.
Note. Model changes that result in different models from the tested models (such as changes that cause any test failure) include but are not limited to.
--Change of anode, cathode, diaphragm or electrolyte material;
-Change of protection device, including hardware and software;
--Changes in battery cell or battery safety design, such as exhaust valve;
--Change in the number of battery cells;
--Change of the connection mode of the battery cell;
--For the battery whose peak acceleration is lower than 150 gn in the T.4 test, it will adversely affect the T.4 test result and cause the quality of the test failure
change.
4.1.3 If a battery cell or battery does not meet one or more test requirements, it is deemed to have failed the test.
4.2 Test samples
4.2.1 See Table 1 for the test items and sample quantity and status of lithium battery cells.
Note. In order to shorten the test period, the sample does not need to be pretreated by charge and discharge cycles.
4.2.2 See Table 2 for the test items and sample quantity and status of lithium batteries.
Note. In order to shorten the test period, the sample does not need to be pretreated by charge and discharge cycles.
4.3 Test procedures and requirements
4.3.1 Test process
The flow of the test project is shown in Figure 1.The same battery cell or battery should be tested in sequence from T.1 to T.5, and the battery cell or battery that has not been tested
The battery is tested for T.6 and T.8.
Figure 1 Test flow chart
4.3.2 Height simulation test T.1
4.3.2.1 Purpose
This test simulates the low pressure conditions in air transportation.
4.3.2.2 Test process
The test battery cell should be stored for at least 6 hours under the conditions of ambient temperature (20±5) ℃ and air pressure not greater than 11.6 kPa.
4.3.2.3 Requirements
If the battery cell has no leakage, no exhaust, no disassembly, no rupture, no fire, and after the test, the open circuit voltage of each tested battery cell is not lower than
90% before the test meets the test requirements.
4.3.3 Temperature test T.2
4.3.3.1 Purpose
This test evaluates the sealing integrity and internal electrical connection of the battery cell. This test is conducted through rapid and extreme temperature changes.
4.3.3.2 Test process
Store the test battery cell at the test temperature (72±2)℃ for at least 6 hours, and then store it at the test temperature (-40±2)℃ for at least
6 h. The maximum time interval between the two extreme test temperatures is 30 min. This process is repeated until the end of 10 complete cycles. And then all be
Store the battery cell under the ambient temperature (20±5)℃ for 24 hours. For large battery cells, store at least 12 hours under extreme temperatures.
4.3.3.3 Requirements
If the battery cell has no leakage, no exhaust, no disassembly, no rupture, no fire, and after the test, the open circuit voltage of each tested battery cell is not lower than
90% before the test meets the test requirements.
4.3.4 Vibration test T.3
4.3.4.1 Purpose
This test simulates vibration in transportation.
4.3.4.2 Test process
The battery cell or battery is fixed on the vibration equipment platform, should not deform the battery cell or battery, and can faithfully conduct vibration. Vibration should be used
Sine wave, with logarithmic sweep frequency between 7 Hz and.200 Hz, returning to 7 Hz within 15 minutes. The frequency sweep cycle should be along the battery cell or battery 3
Repeat 12 times in mutually perpendicular directions, each for 3 h. One of the vibration directions should be perpendicular to the plane where the battery cell or battery terminal is located.
The logarithmic sweep has the following differences between battery cells and small batteries with a total weight of no more than 12 kg, and large batteries with a total weight of more than 12 kg.
--For battery cells and small batteries. maintain a peak acceleration of 1gn from 7 Hz until reaching 18 Hz. Keep the amplitude at 0.8 mm (total
Offset 1.6 mm), increase the frequency until the peak acceleration reaches 8gn (about 50 Hz). Keep the peak acceleration of 8gn straight
To increase the frequency to.200 Hz;
--For large batteries. maintain a peak acceleration of 1gn from 7 Hz until it reaches 18 Hz. Keep the amplitude at 0.8 mm (total offset 1.6 mm),
Increase the frequency until the peak acceleration reaches 2gn (about 25 Hz). Then maintain the peak acceleration of 2gn until the frequency increases to.200 Hz.
4.3.4.3 Requirements
If there is no leakage, exhaust, disintegration, rupture or fire during and after the test of the battery cell and battery, and after the third vertical surface test
The open circuit voltage of each tested battery cell or battery is not lower than 90% of the value before the test, and it meets the test requirements.
4.3.5 Impact test T.4
4.3.5.1 Purpose
This test evaluates the robustness of battery cells and batteries under impact.
4.3.5.2 Test process
The tested battery cell and battery should be fastened to the test equipment, which can support all surfaces of each tested battery.
Each battery cell should be impacted by a half-sine wave with a peak acceleration of 150gn and a pulse time of 6 ms. Peak acceleration available for large battery cells
A half sine wave with 50gn and 11 ms pulse time is impacted.
Each battery should be impacted by a half-sine wave with no less than the peak acceleration in Table 3.The pulse time of a small battery is 6 ms, and that of a large battery
The pulse time is 11 ms.
Each battery cell or battery should withstand 3 shocks in the positive direction of the three vertical planes, and 3 shocks in the negative direction, a total of 18 times.
If there is no leakage, exhaust, disassembly, rupture or fire on the battery cell and battery, and the open circuit voltage of each tested battery cell or battery after the test
Not less than 90% before the test, then meet the test requirements.
Note. The unit of mass is kilogram. gn is the standard acceleration of gravity, which is 9.8 m/s2.
4.3.5.3 Requirements
If there is no leakage, exhaust, disintegration, rupture or fire of battery cells and batteries, and the open circuit voltage of each tested battery cell or battery after the test is not
If it is lower than 90% before the test, it meets the test requirements.
4.3.6 External short circuit test T.5
4.3.6.1 Purpose
This test simulates an external short circuit.
4.3.6.2 Test process
The battery cell and battery should be heated for a period of time, and the test should be carried out after the temperature of the outer casing is uniformly stabilized at (57±4)℃. Due to heating time and
The size of the battery cell or battery is related to the design, and the heating time should be evaluated and recorded. If the heating time cannot be evaluated, the small battery should be placed
Store it for at least 6 hours, and the large battery should be stored for at least 12 hours.
After that, the battery cell or battery should be tested for short circuit under the condition of (57±4)℃ and external resistance less than 0.1 Ω. When the following two situations occur
When one of the forms, the test is terminated.
a) At least 1 h after the temperature of the battery cell or battery shell recovers to (57±4)℃;
b) In the case of a large battery, the temperature drop reaches half of the peak temperature rise and does not increase anymore.
The process of short-circuit and cooling should be carried out at ambient temperature (20±5)℃.
4.3.6.3 Requirements
During the test and within 6 hours after the test, if the temperature of the battery cell or battery casing does not exceed 170 ℃, and there is no disassembly, rupture or fire,
It meets the test requirements.
4.3.7 Impact and crush test T.6
4.3.7.1 Purpose
This test simulates the possibility of internal short circuit due to mechanical abuse caused by impact or extrusion.
4.3.7.2 Impact test
The impact test is applicable to cylindrical battery cells with a diameter of not less than 18 mm. The diameter refers to the design diameter (for example, the diameter of the 18650 battery cell is
18.0 mm).
Place the battery cell or the sample of the constituent battery cells on a flat and smooth surface. Put a piece of 316 stainless steel with a diameter of (15.8±0.1) mm
The rod is placed across the center of the sample. The length of the steel rod is at least 6 cm, or the longest dimension of the battery cell, whichever is greater. Put a piece (9.1
±0.1) kg weight falls from the height of (61.0±2.5) cm on the intersection of the steel bar and the sample, use a frictionless, anti-drop
Control the vertical track or pipeline with the least resistance of the heavy object. Vertical rails or pipes are used to keep falling weights down at 90° with the horizontal support surface.
The longitudinal axis of the sample to be subjected to the impact test should be parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the curved surface of the diameter bar transverse to the center of the sample.
Each sample should be hit only once.
4.3.7.3 Extrusion test
The squeeze test is applicable to prismatic, pouch and button-shaped battery cells as well as cylindrical battery cells with a diameter not exceeding 18 mm.
Note. The diameter refers to the design diameter (for example, the diameter of the 18650 battery cell is 18 mm).
Squeeze the battery cell or component battery cell between two planes. Squeeze at the first contact point at a speed of about 1.5 cm/s until the
Now one of the following three situations.
a) The force reaches (13±0.78) kN;
b) The battery cell voltage drop is at least 100 mV;
c) The thickness of the battery is at least 50% deformed compared to the original thickness.
Once the maximum pressure is reached, the voltage drop exceeds 100 mV, or the battery cell deforms more than 50%, the pressure is released.
For prismatic or pouch-shaped battery cells, the widest surface should be squeezed. The button battery cell should be squeezed on the flat surface. For cylindrical batteries
The core should be extruded in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
Each test cell or constituent cell should only be squeezed once. The test sample should continue to be observed for 6 hours. Test battery cell or composition
The battery cell should not have undergone other tests before.
4.3.7.4 Requirements
If the external temperature of the battery cell or the constituent battery cell does not exceed 170 ℃ and there is no disassembly or fire within 6 hours after the test, it is full
Meet the test requirements.
4.3.8 Forced discharge test T.8
4.3.8.1 Purpose
This test evaluates the ability of a non-rechargeable battery cell or a rechargeable battery cell to withstand forced discharge conditions.
4.3.8.2 Test process
Each battery cell should be forced to discharge through a 12 V DC power supply connected in series at ambient temperature. The initial current is specified by the manufacturer
Maximum discharge current.
The specified discharge current is obtained by connecting a load of suitable size and size in series with the battery cell under test. Forced discharge of each battery cell
The time (in hours) is the rated capacity divided by the initial current (in amperes).
4.3.8.3 Requirements
If a non-rechargeable battery cell or a rechargeable battery cell does not disintegrate or catch fire during the test and within 6 h after the test, it shall meet the test requirements
begging.
5 1.8 m drop test of package
5.1 Purpose
This test is used to evaluate the ability of lithium batteries or battery cell cargo packages to withstand a drop test.
5.2 Scope
Use packaging instructions PI910 prototype samples or low-volume lithium batteries or battery cell cargo packages should be subjected to a 1.8 m drop test. Battery cell
Or when the battery is installed in the device and there is no extra separate lithium battery or battery cell in the package, it is not necessary to perform a 1.8 m drop test.
5.3 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified, this test should be carried out under the following environmental conditions.
a) Temperature. (20±5)℃;
b) Relative humidity. not more than 75%.
5.4 Test process
Each package is freely dropped from a height of 1.8 m onto the impact board. The key parts of the package should be tested to simulate the actual transportation
Situations that may occur during the import process. For example, the box-type package should deal with each of the 6 directions of bottom, top, long side, short side, edge and corner.
Fall once. Except for a drop on a flat surface, the vertical line made at the center of the package should pass through the point of impact. If there may be one
For more than one optional parts, the drop part that is most likely to damage the package should be selected.
The falling target surface should be an inelastic horizontal surface, and should.
a) It is a heavy whole, not easy to move;
b) Flat, no local defects on the surface that may affect the test results;
c) It is hard enough (such as cement board or steel plate), does not deform under the test conditions, and will not cause damage due to the test;
d) It is large enough to ensure that the test package completely falls on its surface.
5.5 Requirements
If the package does not appear in the following conditions, it meets the test requirements.
a) The internal battery cell or battery is damaged or leaked;
b) The contents move, causing the batteries (or battery cells) to contact or short-circuit;
c) Leakage of contents.
6 Test report
6.1 The test report includes the lithium battery test report and the 1.8 m drop test report of the lithium battery cargo package issued by the testing organization.
6.2 The lithium battery test report and the 1.8 m drop test report of the package can be two separate reports, or they can be combined into one report.
6.3 The lithium battery test report should include the following.
a) The name of the report;
b) The unique identification of the report (No.);
c) The full name of the commissioned testing unit;
d) The full name of the testing organization;
e) Lithium battery related information, including the type, name, specification, model, rated parameters, appearance description, manufacturer or
Manufacturer, etc.;
f) Test related instructions, including test basis, test items, sample number and status, test data, test conclusions, test results
Subcontracting status and test start and end dates, etc.;
g) List of key components/components/materials of lithium battery cells and lithium batteries (for example. positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte, separator,
Protect circuit boards, wires, PCB boards, insulating materials, etc.);
h) Appearance photos of the samples (front, back, side, etc.). For battery samples, internal photos (including but not limited to
Detailed photos of key components/components/materials);
i) If necessary, include relevant information about equipment containing lithium batteries;
j) The signatures of relevant personnel, such as the table maker, reviewer, approver, etc.
The external short circuit test should record the detailed maximum temperature rise data of each sample, and should not only make a qualitative description.
Please refer to Appendix A for the sample test report.
6.4 The 1.8 m drop test report of lithium battery cargo packages should include the following.
a) The name of the report (ie the 1.8 m drop test report of the package);
b) The unique identification of the report (No.);
c) The full name of the commissioned testing unit;
d) The full name of the testing organization;
e) Lithium battery related information, including the type, name and model of the lithium battery, rated parameters, appearance description, manufacturer or manufacturer,
Detailed description of the size of the package, the material and configuration of the package, the number of batteries in the package and the stacking situation;
f) The relevant description of the test, including the test basis, test items, test conclusions, test subcontracting status, test date, etc.;
g) Package size, package exterior photos, package interior photos, including but not limited to photos of lithium battery samples, anti-short circuit measures
Details of the application;
h) If necessary, include relevant information about equipment containing lithium batteries;
i) The signatures of relevant personnel, such as the table maker, reviewer, approver, etc.
See Appendix B for a sample of a 1.8 m drop test report for a package.
AA
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Lithium battery test report
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