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HJ 61-2021: Technical specification for radiation environmental monitoring
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Technical specification for radiation environmental monitoring
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Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 61-2021 (HJ61-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specification for radiation environmental monitoring | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z33 | | Word Count Estimation | 69,667 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 61-2021: Technical specification for radiation environmental monitoring---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical specification for radiation environmental monitoring
National Ecological and Environmental Standards of the People's Republic of China
Replace HJ/T 61-2001
Radiation Environmental Monitoring Technical Specifications
Released on 2021-02-24
2021-05-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
Table of contents
Foreword...ii
1 Scope of application...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and definitions...1
4 Radiation Environmental Quality Monitoring...3
5 Environmental Monitoring of Radiation Sources...6
6 Sample collection, pretreatment and management...24
7 Monitoring and analysis methods...33
8 Data processing and result presentation...36
9 Quality Assurance...40
10 Preparation of Radiation Environment Monitoring Report...47
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Recommended Methods of Radiation Environmental Monitoring...49
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Confidence Interval and Judgment Method...52
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient Calculation and Judgment Method...54
Appendix D (Normative Appendix) Cosmic Ray Response Value Correction Method...55
Appendix E (Normative Appendix) Inspection Method for Poisson Distribution of Low Background Measuring Devices...56
Appendix F (informative appendix) sampling, monitoring record sheet and monitoring report...58
Radiation Environmental Monitoring Technical Specifications
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the main technical requirements for radiation environmental quality monitoring and radiation source environmental monitoring, including on-site monitoring, sample collection, sampling
Product preprocessing and management, monitoring and analysis methods, data processing and result presentation, quality assurance and report writing.
This standard is applicable to radiation environmental quality monitoring and radiation source environmental monitoring organized by the competent departments of ecological environment at all levels. Other departments opened
The radiation environment monitoring of the exhibition can be implemented by reference.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or their clauses. For dated reference documents, only the dated version is applicable to this standard.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this standard.
GB 5749 Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water
GB 6249 Nuclear Power Plant Environmental Radiation Protection Regulations
GB 8999 General requirements for quality assurance of ionizing radiation monitoring
GB 17378.3 Marine Monitoring Specification Part 3.Sample Collection, Storage and Transportation
GB 18871 Basic standard for ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety
GB 23726 Radiation Environmental Monitoring Regulations for Uranium Mining and Metallurgy
GB/T 4882 Data Statistical Processing and Interpretation Normality Test
GB/T 4883 Statistical processing and interpretation of data Judgment and processing of outliers in normal samples
GB/T 4889 Statistical Processing and Interpretation of Data Estimation and Testing of the Mean and Variance of Normal Distribution
GB/T 8170 Numerical rounding rules and the expression and determination of limit values
GB/T 17989.2 Control Chart Part 2.Conventional Control Chart
GB/T 27418 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HJ 641 Technical Specification for Compiling Environmental Quality Report
HJ 969 Technical Specification for Background Investigation of Radiation Environment Before Operation of Nuclear Power Plant
HJ 1127 Environmental sample gamma nuclide measurement technical specification in emergency monitoring
HJ 1128 Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear Accident Environmental Emergency Monitoring Technical Specification
HJ 1157 Technical Specification for Environmental Gamma Radiation Dose Rate Measurement
IAEA/AQ/48 Determination and Interpretation of Characteristic Limits for Radioactivity
Measurements
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Radiation environmental quality
The pros and cons of the radiation level in the environment. In this standard, it is specific to a limited environment, according to different environmental conditions, choose
Some comparable key radiation parameters are used as indicators to measure the quality of the radiation environment in order to describe and compare the quality of the radiation environment
And judge.
3.2
Background investigation
Before the feeding (or charging) operation of the new facility or before the start of the practice of a certain facility, the radiation that already exists in the environment of a specific area
Level, the content of radionuclides in the environmental medium, and the overall adjustment of environmental parameters and social conditions required to evaluate public doses
check.
3.3
Radiation environmental monitoring
In order to understand the level of radioactivity in the environment, by measuring the level of radiation in the environment (external exposure dose rate) and the radioactive nuclear in the environment
The activity of interpreting the measurement results is also called environmental radiation monitoring. Narrowly speaking, radiation environment monitoring refers specifically to ionizing radiation environment
Monitoring is also called environmental radioactivity monitoring; the broad sense of radiation environmental monitoring also includes electromagnetic radiation environmental monitoring. This standard refers to radiation in a narrow sense
Environmental monitoring.
3.4
Radiation environmental quality monitoring
In order to comprehensively, accurately and timely reflect the status quo and change trend of environmental quality in a specific area, provide scientific research for environmental management, environmental planning, etc.
Radiation environment monitoring based on scientific research. Generally implemented by government departments.
3.5
Source environmental monitoring
In order to meet the needs of environmental supervision and management and the needs of the public’s environmental information, the radiation environment for specific radiation sources or radiation activities is carried out.
Environmental monitoring.
3.6
Surveillance monitoring
The supervision and management department aims at a specific radiation source, in order to supervise whether the radiation source has an impact on the surrounding environment or whether the degree of impact is under control
The main purpose of monitoring within the regulatory standards is to provide a basis for supervision and management and administrative law enforcement.
3.7
Environmental monitoring programme
Environmental monitoring program is also called environmental monitoring program, referred to as monitoring program or monitoring program. It is a guide for specific monitoring objectives and tasks
Plan documents that regulate the implementation of monitoring activities. The content of the plan mainly includes sampling points, monitoring items, monitoring frequency and measurement requirements, etc.
The formulation of the monitoring plan should always focus on the purpose of monitoring.
3.8
Emergency monitoring
In emergency situations, monitoring is carried out for the timely identification of radioactive contamination and radiation levels and for emergency decision-making support.
3.9
(Radioactive) effluents monitoring
In order to monitor or ascertain the quantity, type and other characteristics of the radioactive effluent discharged from the radiation source into the environment, the effluent is imported at the discharge port.
Perform sampling, analysis or other measurement monitoring activities.
3.10
Contrast site
The environmental impact of the monitored radiation source (or accompanied by radiation activity) can be ignored, and the monitoring points that can maintain the original environmental characteristics for a long time, such as rivers
The monitoring results of the upstream of the flow and the upwind direction of gaseous emissions can be maintained at the background level, which can be used as a comparative reference for the monitoring results around the radiation source.
3.11
Representative sample
The collected samples can fully reflect the overall attributes and characteristics of the environmental media at the sampling site concerned by the monitoring plan.
3.12
Indicator biology
Organisms capable of highly enriching radioactive materials in the environment.
3.13
Metrological instrument
Devices, instruments, measuring tools and standard materials used to unify the measured value can be used to directly or indirectly measure the measured value of the object.
4 Radiation environmental quality monitoring
4.1 Purpose and Principles
4.1.1 Purpose
Obtain the radiation background level in the region, accumulate historical monitoring data of the radiation environment quality; grasp the status and change trend of the regional radiation environment quality
Potential; judge the radioactive pollution in the environment and its source; report the quality of the radiation environment.
Continuously carry out regular and fixed-point environmental quality monitoring, and grasp the radiation environment background data in the area, which can provide information on the environmental radiation level and the public
Dose provides the basis for evaluation, and provides necessary information when evaluating the impact of nuclear or radiation emergencies/incidents (including overseas accidents/incidents) on the public and the environment.
An indispensable reference for comparison.
4.1.2 Principle
4.1.2.1 It can accurately, timely, comprehensively and objectively reflect the status quo of environmental quality. The monitoring plan should be continuous to reflect the environmental quality
Trend. The radiation environment monitoring program must be comprehensive, and be able to provide the data needed to analyze and evaluate the effective dose of the public. It must be sufficient
Consider various important environmental exposure pathways of the public, and pay attention to on-site environmental characteristics, residents' characteristics and living habits. Under the existing monitoring technology
The radionuclides contributed by the main dose in the environment should be detected.
4.1.2.2 Radiation environmental quality monitoring is environmental monitoring related to humans. Mainly concerned about the public's demand for environmental quality and environmental information.
4.1.2.3 The radiation environment quality monitoring should pay attention to natural radioactivity and artificial radioactivity at the same time. Artificial radioactivity mainly considers the possibility of
Radiation sources that affect the environment and the potential impacts of nuclear and radiation activities outside the region (including overseas).
4.1.2.4 The scope of radiation environmental quality monitoring is relatively large, which can cover the entire national territory or the administrative area of a certain place.
4.1.2.5 Radiation environmental quality monitoring is a long-term continuous work. The monitoring plan should remain relatively stable, and the monitoring points should be selected
A fixed location that is not susceptible to natural damage and human interference.
4.1.2.6 Large-scale environmental radioactivity level survey is a special radiation environmental quality monitoring activity, which is carried out when necessary. General
The main purpose of grid layout is to comprehensively and systematically obtain the environmental radioactivity level data in the survey area as an important background reference.
Examination data can also be used to evaluate the radiation dose level of residents.
4.1.2.7 Radiation environmental quality monitoring is generally led by the government.
4.2 Monitoring content
Radiation environmental quality monitoring includes terrestrial radiation environmental quality monitoring and marine radiation environmental quality monitoring.
4.2.1 Environmental quality monitoring of terrestrial radiation
4.2.1.1 Terrestrial gamma radiation
Land-based gamma radiation monitoring includes continuous gamma radiation air absorbed dose rate monitoring and gamma radiation cumulative dose monitoring. The gamma radiation air absorption should also be measured
Cosmic ray response in the monitoring of dose collection rate and cumulative dose of gamma radiation.
The continuous monitoring of γ radiation air absorbed dose rate is usually at a representative environmental point in a key area, and the distribution of points focuses on population gathering
In places, such as urban environments, automatic monitoring stations can be set up to implement continuous monitoring of the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation in air, focusing on the measurement of dose rate.
Change, especially if it is abnormally elevated.
4.2.1.2 Air
Air monitoring mainly includes 131I, 3H (HTO), 14C, 222Rn in the air, and radionuclides in aerosols and sediments. Pick
The sample point should be selected in the surrounding open area without tall trees or buildings, or uncovered buildings without the influence of tall buildings.
on the platform.
a) 131I. Monitor air particulate iodine, inorganic iodine and organic iodine collected by a composite sampler.
b) Sediment. separately monitor the activity concentration of radionuclide in dry sedimentation and wet sedimentation, dry sedimentation means that the air naturally falls on the ground
Dust and wet precipitation on the ground include rain, snow, hail and other precipitation. The dry and wet sediments should be sampled and measured separately.
c) Aerosol. It mainly monitors the activity concentration of radionuclides suspended in particulate solids or liquids in the air.
Carry out monitoring of falling objects at the same point. The sampling frequency can be continuous sampling or a certain period of time every month (or every season). If necessary, it can be set
Set continuous monitoring points.
d) 3H (HTO). It is mainly used to monitor the activity concentration of tritium in tritiated water vapor in the air, usually at the same point as the aerosol.
e) 14C. It is mainly to monitor the activity concentration of 14C in the air, usually at the same point as the aerosol.
f) 222Rn. It mainly monitors the activity concentration of 222Rn in the ambient air. Usually, a cumulative sampler is arranged to monitor. If you need to master the short-term
Changes within the interval can be monitored by continuous measurement.
4.2.1.3 Soil
For the monitoring of typical types of soil in the jurisdiction, the plains or fields without water and soil erosion are often selected. If collecting farmland soil, it should be sampled to the depth of cultivation
Or root depth. The soil monitoring points should be relatively fixed.
4.2.1.4 Land water
The monitoring categories of terrestrial water environment include rivers, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, surface water, and groundwater.
Special monitoring.
The monitoring point should be far away from the pollution source to avoid human interference.
4.2.1.5 Biology
Including terrestrial organisms and terrestrial aquatic organisms. Usually, a relatively fixed amount is set according to the specific conditions of agriculture, forestry, fishery, and animal husbandry in the region.
The original production monitoring point. The planning situation at the location of the monitoring point should be investigated to ensure the continuity of sample collection.
Grain and vegetable samples collected should be selected from the types that are ingested by local residents and have a large planting area. Sampling and monitoring should be done during the mature period
The frequency can be determined according to the length of the growth cycle, generally once a year. For shorter growth cycles, such as vegetables, the monitoring frequency can be appropriately increased.
The sampling points of terrestrial aquatic organisms should be as consistent as the monitoring and sampling areas of terrestrial water, and aquatic products that are mainly fed by feed are not allowed.
Several additional locations with similar conditions to the set monitoring points should be determined as alternative monitoring points.
4.2.2 Marine radiation environmental quality monitoring
4.2.2.1 Basic requirements
The scope of marine radiation environmental quality monitoring is the sea areas under my country's jurisdiction, and when necessary, the international public waters adjacent to my country should also be monitored. Monitoring object
Including sea water, sediments, and organisms. It can be combined with buoy (drifting or fixed) monitoring, ship fixed-point monitoring, and ship navigation monitoring.
式implementation. The monitoring point should be far away from large radiation sources such as nuclear facilities.
4.2.2.2 Sea water
The sampling levels for seawater fixed-point monitoring can be selected from 0.1 to 1 m, 100 m,.200 m, 300 m, 500 m, and 1,000 m according to actual conditions.
According to actual needs, some points are added with 1,500 m and 2,000 m, and the sampling level for sea water ship navigation monitoring is the surface layer.
4.2.2.3 Marine sediments
Sediment samples are collected in the seawater sampling area. Generally, the collection of surface sediments can be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 17378.3.
4.2.2.4 Marine life
The marine biological sampling area should be as consistent with the seawater sampling area as possible, and the collection method can be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB 17378.3.Do not
5 Environmental monitoring of radiation sources
5.1 Purpose and principles
5.1.1 Purpose
Radiation source environmental monitoring is to judge whether a specific radiation source or accompanying radiation activity has an impact on the surrounding environment and the extent of the impact.
The purpose of monitoring is to provide a basis for environmental supervision and management, to provide environmental information to the public, to monitor the emission of radiation sources, and to verify the emissions.
Check the environmental management efficiency of the radiation source operating organization, evaluate the impact of emissions on the environment, check and verify the assumptions and results in the environmental impact assessment
s.
5.1.2 Principle
5.1.2.1 Not all radiation sources need to carry out radiation environmental monitoring, radiation that has negligible radiation impact on the surrounding environment and the public
Sources do not need to carry out environmental monitoring, such as exempted radioactive sources. The radiation source referred to in this standard refers to the
Sources of radiation affected by certain or potential radiation.
5.1.2.2 Environmental monitoring of radiation sources is usually carried out in the surrounding environment of the facility to find out the public exposure and the increased value of the radiation level in the environment.
The environmental monitoring plan includes radiation field measurement and radionuclide activity concentration measurement in environmental samples. The types of monitoring and samples should cover the radiation source
The main exposure route to the public, and choose to concentrate radionuclide indicator organisms to strengthen the monitoring of the trend of changes in radioactivity levels.
5.1.2.3 Environmental monitoring of radiation sources needs to consider the total amount and composition of radioactivity of the radiation source, as well as the expected emission volume and emission rate;
Discharge pathways, discharge methods, exposure pathways, the environmental characteristics of the site, the characteristics and habits of the surrounding residents, and any other radiation sources nearby
The possible contribution of the radio source or activity.
5.1.2.4 The monitoring plan should focus on the location of key groups, key pathways and key radionuclides. The content of the monitoring plan should be set at any time
Different stages of implementation. The monitoring plan should be periodically reviewed and evaluated to ensure that the monitoring plan is always consistent with its monitoring purpose.
Adaptation, as well as important emission or environmental migration pathways, and important exposure pathways are not neglected.
5.1.2.5 The monitoring plan should fully consider the geographical features of the facility location (site), and the monitoring plan should be consistent with the geographical features and surroundings of the site.
Adapt to climate characteristics, social environment and residents' living habits. For large nuclear and radiation facilities, a monitoring system suitable for the local characteristics of the site should be developed.
The survey plan should be "one site, one plan" in principle. When implementing the monitoring plan, the monitoring technology and methods used should also be consistent with the characteristics around the site.
Adaptation, such as the collection method of water vapor and tritium in the air, the cold and dry areas in the north and the warm and humid areas in the south should be adapted to the local climate characteristics.
The sampling technique method. The various radiation source monitoring programs proposed in this standard can be implemented according to the actual conditions such as the site characteristics.
Adjustment.
5.1.2.6 The formulation of the monitoring plan is the result of optimization, and the availability of monitoring resources and the relative importance of different exposure pathways need to be considered.
In the initial stage of facility operation, in order to verify the consistency of the behavior and migration of radionuclides in the environment with the predictions, frequent and detailed environmental
Environmental monitoring is necessary, and the monitoring plan can be consistent or close to the background investigation plan before operation. The scale of environmental monitoring cannot be reduced arbitrarily, only
It will be possible to reduce the scale of environmental monitoring only after a few years, based on the actual experience gained and sufficient reasons. Although normal
In the case of emissions, whether at the beginning of operation or after several years of operation, the radiation level and radionuclide activity concentration level in the environment
It may still not be detected, but the decision to reduce the sampling frequency or the scale of environmental monitoring must be carefully reviewed, and changes in the emission range should be considered
Or the possibility of unplanned emissions and public concern.
5.1.2.7 Environmental monitoring of radiation sources is divided into supervisory monitoring performed by the competent government department and radiation source owners (or operating units) according to the implementation subjects.
In the implementation of self-monitoring, the purpose of the two types of monitoring is different. The purpose of supervisory monitoring is mainly to monitor the environmental
Provide scientific basis for radio environmental supervision; monitor the environmental quality around the radiation source and provide the public with environmental safety information; early warning of nuclear and radiation incidents/
Accidents to ensure public safety and environmental safety. The main purpose of self-monitoring is to inspect and evaluate the safety of operating facilities for the containment of radioactive materials.
Comprehensiveness and the effectiveness of effluent emission control, feedback is conducive to optimizing or improving the information of the three wastes emission and radiation protection facilities;
Provide alarms for abnormal or unexpected situations in the environment, and initiate special procedures when appropriate; check whether the impact of emissions on the environment is controlled within
Within the target value; evaluate the actual exposure and potential dose received by the public, and prove whether the impact of the facility on the environment meets the national standards. Although two
The purpose of the monitoring is different, and the monitoring plan has its own focus, but the monitoring content is basically the same on the whole. The monitoring data can be compared and approved.
Complementary, but the two types of monitoring cannot replace each other. The operating organization’s independent monitoring plan should be systematic and comprehensive, while the supervision implemented by the competent government department
The sexual monitoring program ca...
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