HJ 588-2010_English: PDF (HJ588-2010)
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Technical guidelines for agricultural solid wastes pollution control
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HJ 588-2010
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| Standard ID | HJ 588-2010 (HJ588-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical guidelines for agricultural solid wastes pollution control | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P77 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.030.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 11,132 | | Date of Issue | 2010-10-18 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-01-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 7959; GB 18596; HJ 574-2010; HJ/T 81 | | Drafting Organization | Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences | | Administrative Organization | Ministry of Environment Protection | | Regulation (derived from) | Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 75 of 2010 | | Summary | This standard specifies the agricultural vegetable waste, livestock waste and agricultural films, three agricultural solid waste pollution control principles, technical measures and management measures and other related content. This standard applies to guide agricultural cultivation, livestock breeding and other solid waste pollution control management, agricultural solid waste recycling, reduction, harmless. |
HJ 588-2010
Technical guidelines for agricultural solid wastes pollution control
People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards
Agricultural solid waste pollution control technology guidelines
Issued on.2010-10-18
2011-01-01 implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection
People's Republic of China Ministry of Environmental Protection
announcement
2010, No. 75
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", protect the environment, strengthen the agricultural non-point source pollution control, protection of human health, is granted
Quasi "solid waste pollution control Agricultural Technical Guidelines" as national environmental standards, and to publish.
Standard name, numbered as follows.
The standard since January 1, 2011 implementation, published by the China Environmental Science Press, standard content in website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection
Special announcement.
October 18, 2010
Table of Contents
Preface ..iv
1. Scope ..1
2 Normative references ..1
3 Terms and Definitions .1
4 Principles of Solid Waste Agriculture 3
5 agricultural plant waste pollution control measures .. 3
6 ..5 manure pollution control measures
7 ..5 agricultural film pollution control measures
iv
Foreword
To implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law" and "People's Republic of China Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law", to control agricultural
Solid waste pollution and improve environmental quality in rural areas, promotion of new rural construction, the development of this standard.
This standard specifies the principles of agricultural solid waste control, control and management measures and other related content.
This standard is the first release.
This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization.
This standard drafting units. China Environmental Science Research Institute.
This standard is approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection October 18, 2010.
This standard since January 1, 2011 implementation.
The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Agricultural solid waste pollution control technology guidelines
1 Scope
This standard specifies the principles of agricultural plant waste, livestock waste and agricultural films, three agricultural solid waste pollution control technology
Technique measures and management measures and other related content.
This standard applies to the guidance of farming, livestock breeding and other solid waste pollution control and management generated the realization of agricultural solid waste resource recovery,
Reduction, harmless.
2 Normative references
The standard content of the following documents cited in the articles. For undated references, the effective version applies to this standard.
GB 7959 stool sanitary standards
GB 18596 livestock and poultry breeding pollutant emission standards
HJ 574-2010 rural life pollution control technical specifications
HJ/T 81 Livestock and Poultry Pollution Prevention and Control Technical Specifications
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Agricultural solid waste
Means of agricultural production and construction of solid waste generated in the process, mainly from plant cultivation, animal farming and agricultural plastic film and other plastic.
3.2
Agricultural waste plant
It refers to crops produced in the planting, harvesting, trading, processing, utilization and consumption of other processes from the crop of solid waste, the main package
Including crop residues and residues of vegetables, fruits and other processed.
3.3
Livestock waste
Means livestock manure generated in the process, animal building litter, shedding feathers and other solid waste.
3.4
Agricultural film
It means used for crop cultivation, plastic film having a light transmission and thermal insulation characteristics. It can increase the temperature and humidity, to prevent frost or rain
Mechanical damage, prompting crop germinated in advance and improve the yield and quality of agricultural products. Including films and film two categories.
3.5
Straw
It refers to the straw and other plant fiber waste composting returned directly or after accumulation of soil to improve the soil structure, increase soil fertility.
3.6
Composting
Refers to the use of microorganisms are widely distributed in nature, or artificial additives efficient compound microbial agents, through artificial regulation and control, promotion of students
Biodegradable organic material into a stable humus biochemical conversion processes.
3.7
Ammoniated
It refers to the use of ammonia, ammonia or urea, ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution of ammoniated chopped straw treatment to improve as the palatability of feed
And nutritional value.
3.8
Silage
It refers to the use of lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms under anaerobic conditions straw and other materials for fermentation process, in order to improve and enhance it as the palatability of feed
And nutritional value.
3.9
Thermal spray method
Refers to the load of straw feed thermal spray apparatus, inward pass into the supersaturated vapor, after a certain time for the straw by pressure and heat,
Then it suddenly down, so that the straw treated discharge, thus changing its structure and certain chemical composition, improve the nutritional value and palatability
Sex.
3.10
Biomass Gasification
It refers to the gasification unit, the low-grade solid fuel is converted into biomass thermo-chemical technology for high-grade gas fuel.
3.11
Curing of biomass fuel
After that under certain temperature and pressure, agricultural solid waste was collected, dried, pulverized pretreatment, the use of special raw materials
Curing equipment to be squeezed into the rules, denser briquette.
3.12
Farmland ecological interception system
Refers to the need for additional farmland premise, the use of ecological engineering on farmland drainage ditches and prevailing ridge transformation, through
Through plant uptake, degradation and adsorption matrix Gates and plants reduce the flow rate, the combined effects of sand and other elements of the settlement, so that farmland N, P nutrition
Elements within the farm system to maximize recycling, further interception farmland drainage in nutrients, reducing agricultural nutrient discharge into the receiving water body
Amount.
3.13
Side of the membrane Cultivation
It refers to the agricultural mulching between crop rows, crop cultivation on both sides of the plastic sheeting, to maintain soil moisture and increase soil temperature, promote farming
Grown.
3.14
Timely Jiemo
It refers to GM crops before harvest to harvest Jiemo removing film screening Jiemo best period of crops.
3.15
"Four in One" eco - agricultural models
It refers to the greenhouse, livestock breeding, biogas production, cultivation of vegetables and flowers combined ecological agricultural model.
3.16
"Pig marsh fruit" (food, bacteria, drugs, flower) ecological agriculture mode
It refers to the livestock and poultry breeding, biogas production and planting a combination of ecological agriculture model.
3.17
"Five support" ecological agriculture mode
It refers to the orchards, harvesting facilities, biogas systems, solar pigsty, toilet combining ecological agricultural model.
4 agricultural solid waste pollution control principle
Agricultural solid waste pollution control require close integration of agricultural production in order to achieve waste minimization, resource recovery, harmless as the basic principle, according to
According to the climate characteristics of different regions, planting methods and levels of economic development, selected in accordance with a cost-effective, easy to manage control measures,
To achieve sustainable development of the agricultural economy.
5 agricultural plant waste pollution control measures
5.1 Reduction of technical measures
5.1.1 The use of advanced cultivation technology to improve farming waste comprehensive utilization, reduce pollution.
5.1.2 Promotion intensive cropping model to improve the collection rate of straw, straw centralized processing and recycling use.
5.2 Resource Technical Measures
5.2.1 take straw, compost, feed, energy utilization, industrial raw materials, the use of a variety of ways to achieve agricultural plant wastes
Resource utilization.
5.2.2 Overrotten field, Stubble Field, and other ways of straw, straw and other organic waste as fertilizer plant into farmland,
Increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility.
5.2.2.1 Composting to fields. Technical Note. (1) preparation. Per 500 kg of straw with speed preservatives (such as Fu Gan Ling agents) 0.5
1.0 kg, 2.5 ~ 3.5 kg of urea or ammonium bicarbonate 5 ~ 7.5 kg (10% of available Ren Chufen instead of nitrogen). (2) digging. The threshing of
Straw, near water, on the edge of a farm field head, digging width 1.5 ~ 2 m, length 3 m, 0.4 ~ 0.6 m deep rectangular pit, and the earth excavated for
Surrounded by the ridge to prevent the loss of fertilizer, can be left as part of the film with. (3) stacking. Straw stack level 3 layers, the first layer stack height 50 ~ 60 cm,
Irrigated (water content of 60% to 65%), layered component uniform speed preservatives and fertilizer applicator. Stacker is generally 1.5 ~ 1.8 m is appropriate. Pouring in
Case full of water with a pitchfork gently tapped. (4) the cover film. Heap around conditioning neat, plastic sheeting to cover the film Gaiyan, surrounded by
Soil compaction, prevent run gas, the impact of the effect of maturity. (5) Check. In composting 10 ~ 15 d, the film opened to see whether aboveground dry composting,
Such as water, should be properly re-fill water pouring 1 seal. In the absence of water, composting 25 ~ 30 d can be fully decomposed, so as basal
use.
5.2.2.2 Stubble Field technology. Specific measures. When rice, wheat harvest stubble height 25 ~ 35 cm, after the rice harvest (wheat) crop cut
Down (do not need to cut down by mechanical tillage), before plowing evenly spread in the field, with ammonium bicarbonate 150 ~ 225 kg/hm2 to adjust the ratio of carbon and nitrogen.
5.2.3 The use of straw, weeds, leaves, green manure and other plant waste and livestock manure piled together into organic fertilizer to improve soil, mentioned
High yield and quality of crops. Can be semi-pit, pit (also called underground) or ground deposition method composting.
5.2.3.1 Semi-pit deposition method. It applies to the North early spring and winter. Choose sunny leeward height construction pit. Pit depth 0.7 ~ 1 m, width Bottom
1.7 ~ 2 m, length of 2.7 ~ 4 m, has a well-shaped pit wall Bottom vent groove, groove depth 17 ~ 20 cm, a vent groove intersection stands a ventilation tower. compost
Above the ground 1 m, dried straw was added 500 kg, top of the heap with dirt seals. After the reactor temperature rises one week after the high temperature period, the temperature drops heap
5 ~ 7 d, you can turn pound, up and down the inside and outside of the inner pile evenly, and then stacked until the maturity date.
5.2.3.2 pit deposition method need to set up a bulk pit, heap all the underground system, accumulation pit depth of about 2 m. Composting methods and semi pit similar.
5.2.3.3 ground deposition method. Ground accumulation rule set without accumulation pit. Suitable for high temperature, rainfall, humidity, high water table
Regional or summer manure. Select the relatively flat terrain near water, convenient transportation location buildup. Heap width 2 m, piled high 1.5 ~ 2 m, pile length
Depending on the number of the material. Before stacking to consolidate the ground, then covered with a layer of fine grass or peat to absorb seepage under the juice. Each layer thickness of 15 ~ 24 cm, each
Interlayer adequate water, lime, sludge, human waste, etc., cover the heap layer of fine soil or river mud, in order to reduce the loss of water evaporation and volatilization of ammonia.
Stacking a month or so, turn pound once again adequate water according to the degree of wet and dry composting, and then stacking a month or so, the ability to turn pound until maturity
until.
5.2.4 The use of straw, cottonseed leather and other agricultural plant waste to make medium mushroom cultivation. Technical Note. (1) rice and wheat straw at
MANAGER. The rice straw crushed, after water wet, piled diameter 1 ~ 1.8 m circular heap pressing, fermentation cover film 3 ~ 5 d. Fermented
Rice meal to maintain its moisture content is about 70%, pH value of about 8. (2) optionally cultivation. indoor and outdoor, outdoors need scaffolding cover
Yin, avoid direct sunlight. Before inoculation produced a 70 cm × 20 cm × 35 cm wooden mask, the first layer of fermented rice box
Meal, after the real step, surrounded by a circle sprinkle edible mushroom species and bran; then, holes and a layer meal, wheat bran and sprinkle species. So a total of 4 shop
Layer of rice and wheat meal, wheat bran and sprinkle three layers of bacteria, the last layer meal spread too thin, to ensure ventilation. Usually each medium was 5 ~ 7.5 kg
Rice meal, 0.25 ~ 0.38 kg edible fungi and bran, and finally covered with a layer of plastic film. (3) Hair bacterial culture. during mycelial growth to
To meet the temperature, humidity and ventilation requirements. To control the temperature at about 35 ℃, summer temperatures rise quickly, with rice and wheat meal fever, easy guide
Organic medium temperature rising over 40 ℃, this time to Jiemo cooling. Media should be controlled at 70% moisture content, generally do not need water in order to avoid
Bacterial contamination. (4) post-harvest treatment. young mushrooms can be harvested after fruiting bodies grow sufficiently. Generally taken three to four crop edible mushrooms, subsequent culture
Group can be used as high-quality organic manure back to farmland.
5.2.5 use chopped, crushed, ammoniated, silage, thermal spraying, etc., straw processing, improve the nutritional value of straw feed.
5.2.5.1 ammoniation. wheat straw stack, or into pits or amide furnace, adding urea to ammoniated produce feed,
Straw improve palatability and improve utilization.
5.2.5.2 silage technology. fresh straw filled sealed silo or silage tower, through microbial fermentation, to achieve long-term security
Keep it green succulent nutritional characteristics of the object.
5.2.5.3 thermal spray technology. Straw and other agricultural waste after steam treatment, supercharged, sudden decompression, thermal spray process, the raw material is subjected to thermal
After the effect of the discharge and the role of both the mechanical effects, changed the structure and improve digestibility.
5.2.6 The use of biogas, biomass gasification, curing fuel, heating and power generation technology, agriculture waste energy plant
use.
5.2.6.1 methane fermentation biogas technology. Technical parameters can refer to HJ 574-2010.
5.2.6.2 gasification technology. The straw collection, in the absence of oxygen Straw heating to produce carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and other flammable gases,
Become available direct domestic and industrial use of high-quality energy.
5.2.6.3 briquetting and carbonization technology. Straw pulverized mechanically under certain pressure extruded using straw carbonization furnace
Straw briquetting further processed to produce charcoal for barbecue use.
5.2.6.4 heating technology. Pretreated straw collected after use under spiral servo feed - way into the straw boiler, ensure clean combustion.
Straw boilers require the use of dual chamber and the fire-arch structure, the use of tobacco, in the form of fire tube, the radiation heat transfer surface and the convection heat transfer surface properly
Allocated to ensure that the furnace is compact, simple structure.
5.2.6.5 biomass power generation technologies can be divided into direct combustion, gasification combustion and co-combustion power generation technology, such as several types. Combustion of biomass
Coal-fired power technology similar to the technology, the steam generated by the combustion turbine or steam system drive generators, the technology has entered commercial
Application stage. Mixing combustion device is the use of existing power plants, biomass partially replace conventional fossil fuel use a form of sub
Direct mixed combustion, indirect co-combustion and parallel combustion three ways, have been used in demonstration or commercial projects.
5.2.7 According to the different nature of the characteristics of various types of agricultural plant waste, production of industrial raw materials, packaging materials and building decoration materials, and
Insulation materials, agronomic woven products.
Ingredient 5.2.8 using different types of agricultural waste plant, the development of technology and production of sugar protein technology.
5.3 Pollution Control and Management Measures
5.3.1 The disposal of agricultural waste plant shall meet the requirements of the relevant regulations, standards and other normative documents.
5.3.2 should not be open-air dumping of agricultural plant waste to prevent contamination of soil and natural waters.
5.3.3 establish farming area farmland ecological interception system, control surface runoff, reduce nutrient runoff to discharge water to reduce
Or prevent water pollution.
5.3.4 straw disposal shall comply with the relevant national and local regulations and requirements should open burning of straw.
5.3.5 to encourage and support the integrated treatment of straw and comprehensive utilization of research and development and promotion of technology and equipment.
6 manure pollution control measures
6.1 Reduction of technical measures
6.1.1 promote small-scale backyard poultry farming to a moderate scale, intensive development of ecological farming model.
6.1.2 Small-scale and backyard farms should be combined with biogas, organic fertilizer production, to take "four in one", "pig marsh fruit (vegetables, fungus,
Medicine, flower) "," five matching "ecological agriculture mode. Referring to the relevant technical requirements HJ 574-2010.
6.1.3 under conditions ensuring food safety, bio-safety, bio-fermentation bed technology can be used in the poultry house to sawdust as bedding,
Specific microbial inoculation, so that in situ degradation of litter manure.
6.2 Resource Technical Measures
6.2.1 Biological treatment and take advantage of the way thermophilic aerobic composting, biogas production, etc., to achieve manure resource utilization.
6.2.2 The use of thermophilic aerobic composting technology. The manure containing N, P, K and other elements of the additive by mixing in aerobic
Under the conditions, with the aerobic action of microorganisms, so that self-stacking warming, deodorant, precipitation, organic compost to achieve in the short term.
6.2.3 biogas production. In animal manure as raw materials in the absence of oxygen conditions through the action of microorganisms, which will be elemental carbon
Solutions for the combustible gas.
6.3 Pollution Control and Management Measures
6.3.1 generated by animal manure and sewage, solid waste collection and disposal malodorous gases should avoid livestock mixed. Livestock produce
Pollutant control carried out in accordance HJ/T 81 and GB 18596's.
6.3.2 composting should be consistent with the relevant provisions of GB 7959; pollutants scale livestock and poultry produced in accordance with HJ/T 81 provisions
Disposal.
6.3.3 encourage the development of water-saving farming techniques, to promote aquaculture faecal wastewater treatment and reuse technology.
6.3.4 Strengthening animal manure pollution control and supervision and management, development of relevant provisions of the livestock industry in the region to adapt to the guide support
Layout and pollution treatment facilities reproductive field work.
7 agricultural film pollution control measures
7.1 selection of agricultural film
7.1.1 The selection of agricultural film should have safety, serviceability and economic characteristics.
7.1.2 advocate chosen thickness not less than 0.008 mm, anti-aging, low-toxic or non-toxic, biodegradable resin plastic sheeting.
7.1.3 to encourage and promote the use of natural fiber products replace plastic sheeting.
7.2 Pollution Control Measures
7.2.1 optimized coating technology, to promote the cultivation technology side of the membrane, timely Jiemo technology, reducing years of continuous coverage.
7.2.1.1 parietal cultivation techniques. The agricultural mulching between crop rows, crop cultivation on both sides of plastic sheeting, while maintaining soil moisture, improve
Soil temperature, promote crop growth, and not easily punctured crop mulch. Crop to be to a certain stage, you can recover the plastic film, anti
Film on Soil Pollution stopper.
7.2.1.2 timely Jiemo technology. Technical Note. Different altitude, Jiemo times vary. 1 000 m above the mountain area, fitness
When Jiemo can be shortened to 80 d after mulching Jiemo, 1 000 m in the following areas can Jiemo 45 d after mulching. Different crops, adapted
When Jiemo different. Such as peanuts in a sealed departure Jiemo, cotton squaring of removing film of corn in the big horn Jiemo. Timely Jiemo technology can shorten
Mulching time and improve the recovery rate of plastic film, plastic film to reduce the contamination of soil is conducive to high yield and efficiency of agricultural production and sustainable development
exhibition.
7.2.2 The selection of appropriate planting cultivation methods, such as site preparation time, site preparation methods and ridging methods.
7.2.3 focus on waste film recycling and re-processing and utilization, on the basis of manual operation on the rational use clear film machinery, strengthening the recycling of waste film
use. Combined with the recovery of plastic film recycling processing technology, the development of deep processing of products, promote recycling of waste film.
7.3 Pollution Control and Management Measures
7.3.1 to promote the production and use of biodegradable plastic sheeting.
7.3.2 Improved agronomic management measures to effectively reduce the residual plastic sheeting in the soil, reduce pollution.
7.3.3 the development of high-quality plastic sheeting to improve the service life of plastic film, plastic sheeting to facilitate recycling or reuse.
7.3.4 strengthen plastic sheeting recovery efforts, and constantly improve the technological level of recycling, recycling of plastic sheeting to establish relevant approaches to improve the recovery of plastic sheeting.
7.3.5 step up publicity efforts to increase public awareness of the dangers of residual plastic sheeting.
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