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HJ 574-2010: Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for town and village
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Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for town and village
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HJ 574-2010
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Standard similar to HJ 574-2010 HJ 364 GB 13015 HJ 2025 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 574-2010 (HJ574-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for town and village | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z77 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,180 | | Date of Issue | 2010-07-09 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-01-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 4284; GB 5084; GB 7959; GB 8172; GB 9958; GB 13271; GB 16889; GB 19379; GB 50014; GB/T 4750; GB/T 16154; GBJ 125-1989; CJJ/T 65-2004; SL 310 | | Regulation (derived from) | Department of Environmental Protection Notice No. 54 of 2010 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | | Summary | This standard specifies the rural life of pollution control technology requirements. This standard applies to guide the rural life of the supervision and management of pollution control. | HJ 574-2010: Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for town and village---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for town and village
National Environmental Protection Standard of the People's Republic
Rural life pollution control technical specifications
Technical specifications of domestic pollution control for
Town and village
Released on.2010-07-09
2011-01-01 Implementation
Ministry of Environmental Protection released
Ministry of Environmental Protection
announcement
No. 54 of.2010
In order to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", protect the environment, strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and protect human health,
The two standards, such as the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Safety of Pesticide Use”, are national environmental protection standards and are issued.
The standard name and number are as follows.
1. Technical Guidelines for Environmental Safety of Pesticides (HJ 556-2010);
The above standards have been implemented since January 1,.2011 and published by the China Environmental Science Press. The standard content can be found on the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Special announcement.
July 9,.2010
Content
Foreword..iv
1 Scope..1
2 Normative references..1
3 Terms and Definitions.1
4 Rural Classification..2
5 Rural domestic sewage pollution control..2
6 Rural Domestic Garbage Pollution Control..7
7 Rural Air Pollution Control.8
8 Rural life pollution supervision and management measures 9
Iv
Foreword
To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China"
Dyeing Prevention and Control Law and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, guiding rural pollution control and improving rural areas
The quality of the environment, promote the construction of new countryside, and develop this standard.
This standard specifies the technical requirements for pollution control in rural areas.
This standard is the first release.
This standard was formulated by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
This standard is mainly drafted by. Beijing Environmental Protection Research Institute, Tsinghua University.
This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on July 9,.2010.
This standard has been implemented since January 1,.2011.
This standard is explained by the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Rural life pollution control technical specifications
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the technical requirements for pollution control in rural areas.
This standard applies to the supervision and management of rural life pollution control.
2 Normative references
The contents of this standard refer to the terms in the following documents. For undated references, the valid version applies to this standard.
GB 4284 Contaminant control standard for agricultural sludge
GB 5084 Farmland Irrigation Water Quality Standard
GB 7959 fecal harmless hygiene standard
GB 8172 Urban Waste Agricultural Control Standard
GB 9958 Rural Household Biogas Fermentation Process Regulations
GB 13271 Boiler Air Pollutant Emission Standard
GB 16889 Domestic Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard
GB 19379 Rural household sanitary standard
GB 50014 Outdoor Drainage Design Code
GB/T 4750 household biogas digesters standard atlas
GB/T 16154 civil water heating coal stove thermal performance test method
GB J 125-89 Basic terminology standard for water supply and drainage design
CJJ/T 65-2004 City and Environment Hygiene Terminology Standard
SL 310 Village and Town Water Supply Engineering Technical Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in CJJ/T 65-2004, GB J 125-89 apply to this standard.
3.1
Rural and township pollution
Refers to domestic sewage, domestic garbage, waste gas, people (animals) generated in the activities of rural residents in daily life or providing services for daily life.
Feces and other pollution. It does not include pollutants from industrial activities that provide services for daily life (such as agricultural product processing, concentrated livestock and poultry farming).
3.2
Black water blackwater
Refers to the high concentration of domestic sewage that the toilet flushes the manure.
3.3
Grey water greywater
Refers to low-concentration domestic sewage such as kitchen water, laundry and bath water other than flushing water.
3.4
Decentralized treatment
Refers to the treatment of domestic pollutants produced by farmers, neighborhoods or independent buildings by means of local treatment, without the need for a wide range of tubes
Net or collect transportation systems.
3.5
Centralized treatment
Refers to the collection of domestic pollutants (sewage or garbage) generated in a certain area through pipelines or vehicles, and transported (shipped) to designated locations.
And how to handle it.
3.6
Low energy consumption and decentralized wastewater treatment
Low-energy consumption areas such as constructed wetlands, land treatment, oxidation ponds, purification biogas digesters, and small sewage treatment plants (buried)
The technology is suitable for centralized collection and treatment of small-scale sewage and black water treatment alone.
4 Rural classification
In order to facilitate the classification and guidance of rural life pollution control, this standard is based on the economic conditions, infrastructure and environmental natural conditions of rural areas.
Divide the countryside into three different types.
a) Developed rural areas refer to good economic conditions [per capita net income > 6,000 yuan/(person·a)], complete infrastructure, residential construction
Medium or neat, a market town or village with a certain proportion of buildings.
b) The more developed rural areas refer to better economic conditions [per capita net income of 3 500 to 6,000 yuan/(person·a)], with certain infrastructure or
A town or village with certain development potential, relatively concentrated and tidy residential construction, and mainly bungalows.
c) Underdeveloped rural areas refer to poor economic conditions [per capita net income < 3 500 yuan/(person·a)], incomplete infrastructure, residential construction
Set up towns or villages that are scattered and dominated by bungalows.
5 Rural domestic sewage pollution control
5.1 source control technology
5.1.1 The source of rural domestic sewage can be controlled by the technical route of Figure 1.
Grey water artificial wetland, land treatment and other technical reuse
Blackwater domestic sewage agricultural compost, three septic tanks, purified biogas tanks, etc.
Figure 1 source control technology route
5.1.2 It is advisable to use non-water flushing sanitary wares, such as manure and urine collection toilets and double hopper funnel toilets. The construction of the toilet can refer to GB 19379.
Or directly use equipment products.
5.1.3 The use of fecal and urine-differentiated sanitary latrines shall meet the following requirements.
(1) It is recommended to use organic matter with humidity < 20%, such as grass ash, sawdust, and dried leaves, in the amount of 2 to 3 times the amount of manure.
The amount of human feces is 0.1 to 2 L/(d · person), and the urine is 1 to 1.5 L/(d · person)];
(2) The storage time of the septic tank/tank shall not be less than 3 months, and the number of mobile storage tanks shall not be less than 2, and the feces shall be carried out two.
Secondary composting
(3) The final treatment of feces and urine should be combined with the harmless utilization of agriculture, such as manure composting products and urine agricultural utilization. Fecal heap
Fertilizer agricultural standards should meet the requirements of GB 7959.
5.1.4 Gray water can be treated by in-situ ecological treatment technology, and the purified sewage can be used or reused in farmland. In situ ecological treatment technology package
Including small constructed wetlands and land treatments, the hydraulic load of the gravel and gravel grade is generally 10~30 cm/d, which is profitable.
Use gardens and street open spaces as venues for small ecological treatment techniques. Refer to 5.3.1 for related technical parameters.
5.1.5 When using flushing toilets, septic tanks should be provided in rural areas with sewage treatment facilities; rural areas without sewage treatment facilities, sewage treatment
It can be treated by purifying biogas tanks or three septic tanks. The process design of the purified biogas tank can be referred to 5.3.4. Three-dimensional septic tank toilet construction
For reference, please refer to GB 19379. Three-dimensional septic tank effluent as agricultural irrigation should meet the requirements of GB 5084.
5.2 Household biogas pool technology
5.2.1 Household sewage treatment, due to its small amount of water and intermittent drainage, it is advisable to use the biogas tank to treat feces or courts.
The hospital-type wetland treats domestic sewage, and the generated biogas is used as renewable energy. After the sewage is treated and discharged, it is combined with various types of natural treatment.
(refer to Article 5.3). Household biogas digesters can absorb domestic pollutants such as human and animal waste, kitchen waste, crop straw, and black water.
5.2.2 Small-scale livestock and poultry free-range households should gradually realize the separation of human and livestock. The construction of biogas digesters should be combined with changing circles, changing toilets, changing kitchens;
Into the pool, you can also use the biogas slurry to flush into the pool. With flushing toilets, the biogas slurry should have a land for consumption.
5.2.3 The raw materials of feces need not be pretreated, and the straw and kitchen waste should be shortened or crushed. The amount of feed in the normal operation of biogas tank can be 1~
8 kg/d calculation. The amount of manure is calculated according to 1.5 kg/(person·d), and the amount of domestic waste is calculated from 0.25 to 1.25 kg/(person·d).
The amount of domestic water consumption in each region can be referred to SL 310. The population in rural areas is small, the residence is scattered, and the coefficient of variation of domestic sewage is large.
The high-time variation coefficient can be selected from 2.0 to 4.0, the daily variation coefficient should be controlled within the range of 1.3 to 1.6, and the sewage collection coefficient can be between 0.5 and 0.8.
value. Black water is calculated at 30% of domestic water consumption.
5.2.4 Biogas slurry and biogas residue shall not be discharged directly into the water body. Biogas pool biogas slurry biogas utilization should be combined with planting industry, according to agricultural production fertilizer
The season is refueled 1 or 2 times a year.
5.2.5 The construction of biogas tank can be carried out according to GB/T 4750. Biogas produced by household biogas digesters needs to be collected and utilized. The biogas digester should try to leeward to the sun.
There should be insulation or warming measures.
5.2.6 The effective volume of the household biogas tank is 6-10 m3, and the total solid concentration of organic matter in the biogas tank should be controlled at 4%-10%. Biogas tank design
Please refer to GB 9958.
5.3 Low-energy decentralized wastewater treatment technology
5.3.1 Constructed wetlands
Constructed wetlands are suitable for use in rural areas where there are natural conditions such as abandoned depressions, low pits and river courses, and temperatures are suitable throughout the year. Artificial wetland
There are mainly surface flow constructed wetlands, submerged artificial wetlands and vertical flow constructed wetlands.
(1) The constructed wetland should be away from the drinking water source protection area. Generally, the soil texture is clay or loam, and the permeability is slow or medium.
The soil permeability is 0.025 to 0.35 cm/h. If the conditions are not met, there should be anti-seepage measures.
(2) The constructed wetland system should select suitable aquatic plants according to the nature of the sewage and the local climate and geographical conditions. Different wetland owners
To design parameters.
a) surface flow constructed wetland hydraulic load 2.4 ~ 5.8 cm/d;
b) The hydraulic load of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is 3.3-8.2 cm/d;
c) Vertical flow artificial wetland hydraulic load 3.4 ~ 6.7 cm/d.
(3) Submerged artificial wetlands can be used in cold winter areas, and winter insulation measures can be covered by plants such as straw or reed.
(4) Wetland plants should choose aquatic plants with local growth, strong stain resistance and economic value. Ornamental wetland plants should be regular
Salvage and harvesting shall not be arbitrarily discarded and buried to form secondary pollution.
5.3.2 Land treatment
The land treatment system is suitable for rural areas with available site conditions such as sandy soil and river beaches with good permeability.
The ground permeability is good and the groundwater level is deep ( >1.5 m). Land treatment technologies include slow percolation, rapid percolation, and surface flow.
(1) Main design parameters.
a) The annual hydraulic load of the slow percolation system is 0.5-5 m/a, the shallowest depth of groundwater is greater than 1.0 m, and the soil permeability coefficient is preferably 0.036~
0.36 m/d;
b) The annual hydraulic load of the rapid infiltration system is 5 to 120 m/a, and the ratio of the flooding period to the drying period should be less than 1;
c) The annual hydraulic load of the surface flow system is 3-20 m/a.
(2) When designing the land, the soil particle composition and soil organic matter content should be adjusted according to the soil conditions of the application site.
(3) Land treatment systems shall not be used in concentrated water supply protection belts, aquifer outcrops, fractured rock formations and lava areas.
5.3.3 Stabilization pond
The Stabilization Pond is suitable for use in rural areas where lakes, ponds, depressions and unused water surfaces are available. It is advisable to choose the type to handle the pond regularly.
Oxygen ponds, facultative ponds, aerobic ponds, etc. The aeration pond should be used in places where the land area is limited.
(1) Stabilization ponds shall take necessary anti-seepage treatment and shall be provided with sanitary protection belts between residential areas.
Main design parameters of different types of stable ponds.
a) anaerobic pond surface load (BOD5) 15 ~ 100 g/(m2 · d);
b) facultative pond surface load (BOD5) 3 ~ 10 g/(m2 · d);
c) aerobic pond surface load (BOD5) 2 ~ 12 g/(m2 · d), the total residence time can be 20 ~ 120 d;
d) Aeration pond surface load (BOD5) 3 ~ 30 g/(m2 · d).
Areas with high annual average temperature use high BOD5 surface load, and areas with low annual average temperature use low BOD5 surface load.
(2) The sludge accumulation volume of the stabilized pond sludge is 40-100 L/(a·person), which should be operated in parallel and rotated to remove sludge. Stable pond
The site should be selected downstream of the drinking water source; the sludge in the pond should be properly treated, and the sludge dewatering should be dried naturally by sludge drying bed; sludge as farmland fertilizer
When using materials, it should comply with the relevant provisions of GB 4284.
5.3.4 Purification of biogas digesters
The domestic sewage purification biogas digesters can be used for the following occasions. public toilets in rural concentrated residential areas; no sewage collection or unreasonable pipe network
Rural, folk custom villages, etc.
(1) The use of purified biogas digesters should ensure that the winter water temperature is maintained at 6 to 9 ° C, which can be combined with greenhouse construction to assist in heating.
The effective pool capacity is calculated as follows.
Na q tv × ×= × (1)
Where. ν1--effective pool capacity, m3;
N--serving population;
a--Sanitary equipment installation rate, residential area, hotel, collective dormitory to take 1, office building, teaching building to take 0.6;
Q--the amount of sewage per capita, L/d;
t--Sewage retention period, d, residence time is 2 to 3 days.
(2) The functional area for purifying the biogas tank should include. a pretreatment area, a pretreatment area, and a post treatment area. The pretreatment area shall be provided with a grille and grit chamber.
It is advisable to use a grid gap of 1 to 3 cm. The pretreatment zone is an anaerobic tank, and the pretreatment zone for mixed sewage collection is a first-stage anaerobic digestion, and the manure is separately collected.
The pre-treatment zone of the collection is secondary digestion. The effective pool capacity of the anaerobic pool in the pretreatment area should account for 50% to 70% of the total effective pool capacity. The pretreatment area should be placed soft
For semi- or semi-soft fillers, the volume of the filler should be 15% to 25% of the total pool volume. The upper treatment zone uses an upflow filter, each pool needs to be atmospheric
In the same way, a polyurethane foam board is placed between the sections as a filter layer. Polyurethane filter foam board should be replaced every 4 to 5 years and should be replaced every 10 years.
Soft filler.
(3) The sludge in the purified biogas tank increases with the prolongation of the fermentation time, and needs to be cleaned once in 1 to 2 years. The biogas produced in the purification pond should be collected
use. Biogas utilization should be carried out in strict accordance with the provisions of GB 9958.
5.3.5 Small sewage treatment plant
The small-scale sewage treatment device is suitable for several households or dozens of households in developed rural areas, relatively concentrated, newly built residential areas and no centralized collection pipelines.
And the situation of centralized sewage treatment plants.
The small sewage treatment device, also known as the purification tank or the buried treatment device, is divided into an anaerobic and aerobic treatment device.
a) Anaerobic biological treatment equipment (or unpowered buried sewage treatment facilities) may be specified in 5.3.4.
b) Aerobic biological treatment equipment (or powered buried sewage treatment facilities). Hydraulic retention time with pre-treatment of the primary settling tank
(HRT) is generally 1.5 h, aerobic treatment should use contact oxidation, SBR and other processes, process parameters should be in accordance with the provisions of 5.4 of this standard
set.
Small sewage treatment equipment is available in reinforced concrete structures, glass reinforced plastics and steel structures. Steel structure reactor needs to be preserved
Work, its service life should be guaranteed for more than 15 years.
5.4 Centralized sewage treatment technology
5.4.1 Developed rural areas, considering the construction of centralized sewage treatment facilities according to the amount of water, the process can be activated sludge method, oxidation ditch method,
Biofilm method, etc. In rural areas where centralized processing technology is the main process, the corresponding pretreatment process should be combined according to the requirements of different processing technologies.
And post-treatment process.
5.4.2 Using centralized processing technology, investment and operating expenses can be reduced by the following methods while ensuring the processing effect.
(1) The preparation of floor space, greening rate, auxiliary facilities and staffing may be lower than the relevant standards in the design manual;
(2) Priority is given to the use of terrain when site selection, reducing power boost;
(3) Adopt simple and easy automatic operation or hand and automatic linkage operation mode;
(4) Water treatment structures can be replaced by non-concrete buildings, such as earth embankments, bricks, etc., as well as simple anti-seepage abandoned pits.
5.4.3 Traditional activated sludge method.
(1) The sludge load (BOD5/MLSS) of the traditional activated sludge process should adopt medium and high load. 0.15~0.3 kg/(kg·d);
(2) When increasing the nitrogen removal requirement, the aerobic/aerobic (A/O) biological treatment process is adopted, and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anoxic section is generally
Controlled at 0.5 ~ 2 h, sludge load (BOD5/MLSS) should be 0.1 ~ 0.15 kg/(kg · d);
(3) When increasing phosphorus removal requirements, the anaerobic section HRT is generally controlled at 1 to 2 h, and the sludge load (BOD5/MLSS) is 0.1 to 0.25 kg/
(kg·d);
(4) Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic method (A2/O), HRT is generally controlled in the anaerobic section for 1 to 2 h, and the anoxic section is 0.5 to
2 h, the sludge load (BOD5/MLSS) should be 0.1 to 0.2 kg/(kg·d).
5.4.4 Oxidation ditch. There may be no primary sedimentation tank before the oxidation ditch system, generally by the ditch body, aeration equipment, influent distribution well, effluent overflow weir and guide
The flow device is composed of parts. The main design parameters of the oxidation ditch are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main design parameters of delayed aeration oxidation ditch
Project unit value
Sludge load (BOD5/MLSS) kg/(kg·d) 0.05～0.10
Sludge concentration g/L 2.5～5
Sludge age d 15～30
Sludge reflux ratio% 75～150
Total processing efficiency % > 95
(1) The oxidation ditch is generally formed as an annular ditch type, and its plane may be a combination of a circular shape and an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape. Its surrounding pool wall can be rooted
According to the soil condition, it is dug into a slope and lining, and it can also be a reinforced concrete straight wall. The treatment structure should be protected against local temperature and environmental conditions.
Freezing measures.
(2) The width of the oxidation ditch, the effective water depth depends on the land occupation, the grouping of the oxidation ditch, and the performance of the aeration equipment. In general, when
When using aeration brush, the effective water depth is 2.6 ~ 3.5 m; when using aeration disc, the effective water depth is 3.0 ~ 4.5 m; when using surface exposure
When the machine is used, the effective water depth is 4.0 to 5.0 m.
(3) Horizontal horizontal baffles and baffles shall be provided on the upstream and downstream of all aerators in the oxidation ditch to ensure horizontal and vertical mixing.
Hehe. A diversion wall shall be provided at the corner, and the diversion wall shall be located inside the deflecting curve. The number of diversion walls can be determined according to the width of the trench, only
A diversion wall can be set at 1/3 of the inner wall (the outer channel is half the width of the pool when the diversion wall is two). The diversion wall should be higher than the water level 0.2~
0.3 m.
(4) The flow velocity in the oxidation ditch shall not be less than 0.25 m/s.
(5) When nitrogen and phosphorus removal are used, an anaerobic zone and an anoxic zone shall be provided in the oxidation ditch. The design between the zones shall comply with the provisions of 5.4.3.
5.4.5 Biological contact oxidation method.
(1) The contact oxidation reaction tank is generally a rectangular pool body, which should include a structural layer, a packing layer, a stable water layer and an ultra-high composition from bottom to top, and the filler
The height of the layer should be 2.5-3.5 m, the effective water depth should be 3-5 m, and the ultra-high should not be less than 0.5 m. The reaction cell should generally not be less than two, each
The pool is divided into two rooms.
(2) The water in the biological contact oxidation pond should be prevented from short-flow, and the effluent should be sputum-type effluent. The enthalpy of the catchment should be 2.0-3.0 L/(s·m).
Drainage and venting facilities should be provided at the bottom of the pool.
(3) The BOD5 volumetric load in contact with the oxidation tank should be 0.5-1.0 kg/(m3·d) for biological carbon removal and 0.2-° for nitrification.
0.5 kg/(m3 · d). When the reaction tank is aerated in the whole pool, the aeration intensity should be 10-20 m3/(m2·h), and the gas-water ratio should be controlled to 8.1.
(4) The amount of sludge produced by the biological contact oxidation system can be calculated as the amount of dry sludge produced by 0.35 to 0.4 kg per kilogram of BOD5.
5.4.6 Natural desic...
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