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HJ 1180-2021: (A guide to feasible technologies for pollution prevention and control in the furniture manufacturing industry)
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(A guide to feasible technologies for pollution prevention and control in the furniture manufacturing industry)
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HJ 1180-2021
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Standard similar to HJ 1180-2021 HJ 1347.1 HJ 1347.2 HJ 1346.1 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1180-2021 (HJ1180-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | (A guide to feasible technologies for pollution prevention and control in the furniture manufacturing industry) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 19,124 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1180-2021: (A guide to feasible technologies for pollution prevention and control in the furniture manufacturing industry)
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(A guide to feasible technologies for pollution prevention and control in the furniture manufacturing industry)
National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidance on Feasible Technologies for Pollution Prevention and Control in Furniture Manufacturing Industry
Guideline on available techniques of pollution prevention and control for
furniture manufacturing industry
This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Published on 2021-05-12
2021-05-12 Implementation
Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
directory
Foreword...ii
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 Industrial production and generation of pollutants...3
5 Pollution Prevention Techniques...4
6 Pollution control technology...6
7 Environmental management measures...8
8 Possible technologies for pollution prevention...10
Appendix A (informative appendix) Typical production process and pollutant generation nodes in the furniture manufacturing industry...13
Appendix B (Informative Appendix) VOCs Pollution Production Links and Concentration Levels in Furniture Manufacturing Industry...15
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) VOCs Mass Proportion and Characteristic Pollutants of Raw and Auxiliary Materials Containing VOCs in Furniture Manufacturing Industry...16
Guidance on Feasible Technologies for Pollution Prevention and Control in Furniture Manufacturing Industry
1 Scope of application
This standard proposes feasible technologies for the prevention and control of waste gas, waste water, solid waste and noise pollution in the furniture manufacturing industry.
This standard can be used as the environmental impact assessment of furniture manufacturing industrial enterprises or production facilities construction projects, the formulation and revision of national pollutant discharge standards,
Reference for pollutant discharge permit management and selection of pollution prevention and control technologies.
Wooden doors and windows manufacturing industry, custom furniture manufacturing industry, centralized spray painting factory supporting furniture manufacturing industry, wooden toy manufacturing industry and
The pollution prevention and control of other wood and bamboo handicraft manufacturing industries with painting process can be implemented with reference to this standard.
This standard does not apply to pollution prevention and control in the plastic furniture manufacturing industry.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
GB 12348 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Environmental Noise Emission Standard
GB 14554 Emission Standard of Odor Pollutants
GB 16297 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
GB 18581 Limits of Hazardous Substances in Wood Coatings
GB 18597 Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard
GB 18599 General Industrial Solid Waste Storage and Landfill Pollution Control Standard
GB 33372 Adhesive volatile organic compound limit
GB 37822 Volatile organic compound fugitive emission control standard
HJ 1027 Technical Specification for Pollution Discharge Permit Application and Issuance Furniture Manufacturing Industry
HJ 1093 Regenerative combustion method industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering technical specification
HJ 2020 General technical specification for bag type dust removal project
HJ 2026 Technical specification for industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering by adsorption method
HJ 2027 Technical Specification for Industrial Organic Waste Gas Treatment Engineering by Catalytic Combustion
"Measures for the Administration of Hazardous Waste Transfer Forms"
"National Hazardous Waste List"
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
furniture manufacturing industry
The industry of manufacturing various furniture with functions such as sitting, lying, leaning, storing, and spacing, which are made of wood, metal, bamboo, rattan and other materials.
Including wooden furniture manufacturing, bamboo and rattan furniture manufacturing, metal furniture manufacturing and other furniture manufacturing.
3.2
wooden furniture manufacturing
The main materials are natural wood and wood-based panels, together with other auxiliary materials (such as coatings, finishing materials, glass, hardware accessories, etc.)
For various furniture production activities.
3.3
bamboo or rattan furniture manufacturing
The production activities of making various kinds of furniture with bamboo and rattan as the main materials, together with other auxiliary materials.
3.4
metal furniture manufacturing
The support (frame) frame and main components are mainly made of cast iron, steel, steel plate, steel pipe, alloy and other metals, combined with wood, bamboo, plastic
Materials and other materials, together with artificial leather, nylon cloth, foam plastic and other accessories to make various furniture production activities.
3.5
other furniture manufacturing
Use bandage materials (such as bandages, bandages, linen, etc.) and decorative fabrics and accessories (such as cotton, wool, chemical fiber fabrics and cowhide, sheepskin, human
All kinds of soft furniture made of leather, etc.); all kinds of glass furniture made of glass as the main material, supplemented by wood or metal materials, and other
Production activities for the manufacture of various types of furniture from raw materials not specified.
3.6
available techniques of pollution prevention and control
According to my country's environmental demand and economic level in a certain period of time, comprehensive use of pollution prevention technology and pollution control technology in the process of pollution prevention and control
technology and environmental management measures to stably meet the national pollutant discharge standards and large-scale application of technology.
3.7
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Organic compounds participating in atmospheric photochemical reactions, or organic compounds determined according to relevant regulations.
When characterizing the overall emission of VOCs, according to industry characteristics and environmental management requirements, total volatile organic compounds (with TVOC) can be used.
expressed), non-methane total hydrocarbons (expressed as NMHC) as pollutant control items.
3.8
non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC)
Using the specified monitoring method, the sum of the gaseous organic compounds, excluding methane, for which the hydrogen flame ionization detector responds, in terms of carbon mass
concentration meter.
3.9
airtight closed/close
Contaminants are not in contact with the ambient air, or are isolated from the ambient air by sealing materials, sealing equipment, or operating methods.
3.10
closed space
A closed area or closed building formed by using a complete envelope to block pollutants, workplaces, etc. from the surrounding space.
Except for personnel, vehicles, equipment, and materials entering and leaving the closed area or closed building, as well as the exhaust pipes and vents established according to law, the door shall be closed.
Windows and other openings (holes) should be kept closed at all times.
3.11
VOCs-containing materials
This standard refers to raw and auxiliary materials, products and wastes (slag, liquid) with a mass proportion of VOCs greater than or equal to 10%, as well as organic polymer raw materials.
Auxiliary materials and waste (slag, liquid).
3.12
fugitive emission
Irregular emissions of air pollutants that do not pass through exhaust stacks, including emissions from open workplaces, and through crevices, vents, open
Discharge of doors, windows and similar openings (holes), etc.
4 Industrial production and generation of pollutants
4.1 Production process
4.1.1 Production Process of Wooden Furniture
Wooden furniture includes solid wood furniture and panel furniture. The production process of solid wood furniture mainly includes material preparation, material cutting/paneling, machining,
Assembling, painting (spraying/rolling/coating, drying, paint surface grinding, etc.), packaging and storage, etc., see the typical production process of solid wood furniture
Appendix A Figure A.1; the production process of panel furniture mainly includes material preparation, wool cutting, trimming/splicing of veneer materials, veneer sticking, fine cutting, sealing
Edge, machining, assembly, painting (spraying/rolling/sprinkling coating, drying, paint surface grinding, etc.), packaging and warehousing and other processes, typical production of panel furniture.
The production process flow is shown in Figure A.2 of Appendix A. The raw and auxiliary materials used in the production of wooden furniture mainly include natural wood (solid wood) or wood-based panels,
Coatings, adhesives, hardware accessories, veneer and other facing materials, edge sealing materials, etc.
4.1.2 Production Technology of Bamboo and Rattan Furniture
Bamboo and rattan furniture is divided into bamboo furniture and rattan furniture. Among them, the production process of bamboo furniture mainly includes material preparation, cutting, machining, assembly, painting (spraying)
The typical production process of bamboo furniture is shown in Figure A.3 of Appendix A;
The production process of furniture mainly includes processes such as material preparation, preparation, coating (spraying/dipping, drying, paint surface grinding, etc.), packaging and storage, etc.
The typical production process flow is shown in Figure A.4 of Appendix A. The raw and auxiliary materials used in the production of bamboo and rattan furniture mainly include bamboo, rattan, paint, adhesive
agent, etc.
4.1.3 Production Process of Metal Furniture
The production process of metal furniture mainly includes material preparation, cutting, punching, milling, bending, metal welding and grinding, pre-treatment (pickling, degreasing, degreasing, etc.)
rust, washing, phosphating or phosphorus-free silanization, etc.), painting (spraying, drying, paint surface grinding, etc.), assembly, packaging and storage and other processes. metal home
See Appendix A Figure A.5 for a typical production process flow. The raw and auxiliary materials used in the production of metal furniture mainly include pipes, plates, various hardware materials
materials, coatings, etc.
4.1.4 Other furniture production processes
Other furniture includes upholstered furniture and glass furniture. The production process of upholstered furniture mainly includes the preparation, cutting,
Inner/outer frame processing, outer frame coating, base cloth, sponge sticking, and leather and cloth preparation, cutting, sewing, peeling, packaging and storage, etc.
The typical production process of upholstered furniture is shown in Figure A.6 of Appendix A; the production process of glass furniture mainly includes processes such as material preparation and assembly. other furniture
The raw and auxiliary materials used in production mainly include wood, plate, elastic materials (such as springs, snake springs, tension springs, etc.), soft materials (such as brown silk,
Cotton, latex sponge, foam, etc.), bandage materials (such as bandages, bandages, linen, etc.), decorative fabrics and accessories (such as cotton, wool, chemical
fabrics and cowhide, sheepskin, artificial leather, etc.), glass, wood or metal materials, coatings, adhesives, etc.
4.2 Generation of pollutants
4.2.1 The waste gas pollutants from furniture production mainly include particulate matter and VOCs. Particulate matter is mainly produced in cutting, machining, spraying, and paint finishing.
Grinding, metal welding and other processes; VOCs are mainly produced in paints, thinners, curing agents, adhesives, cleaning agents and other raw and auxiliary materials containing VOCs
storage, deployment and transportation, as well as painting, sizing, drying and other processes and storage of hazardous waste containing VOCs. VOCs pollution production links and production
See Appendix B for bioconcentration levels, and Appendix C for the mass proportion of VOCs and characteristic pollutants of VOCs-containing raw and auxiliary materials.
4.2.2 The waste water from furniture production mainly includes waste water containing organic substances produced by the circulating water curtain cabinet used in the spraying and paint polishing processes, and the coating equipment
Wastewater containing organic matter produced in the cleaning process, and oily wastewater, acid-containing wastewater, phosphating wastewater or phosphorus-free wastewater produced in the pre-treatment process of metal furniture
Silanation wastewater, etc., the main pollutants are chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), suspended
(SS), total nickel, total phosphorus/phosphate, etc., of which total nickel and total phosphorus/phosphate are produced in the phosphating process of metal furniture.
4.2.3 The general industrial solid waste generated in the furniture production process mainly includes wood chips, scraps of wood, metal, cloth, sponge, etc.
As well as wood and bamboo particles collected by dust removal equipment. Hazardous wastes generated during furniture production mainly include waste solvent-based coatings, waste
Adhesives, waste organic solvents, waste cleaning agents, waste packaging and containers contaminated with substances with hazardous properties, paint residues, waste activated carbon, waste catalysts
Chemicals, sludge, phosphating residues, etc. produced from wastewater treatment in metal phosphating process, and others listed in the National Hazardous Waste List or according to the national
Solid wastes with hazardous properties identified by the identification standards and identification methods of hazardous wastes stipulated by the country.
4.2.4 The noise in the furniture production process mainly comes from production equipment (such as cutting machine, uncoiler, sawing machine, planer, sanding machine, punching machine,
operation of argon arc welding machines, edge banding machines, sawing machines, etc.) and auxiliary production equipment (such as fans, air compressors, water pumps, air pumps, etc.).
5 Pollution Prevention Technologies
5.1 Air pollution prevention technology
5.1.1 Raw and Auxiliary Material Substitution Technology
5.1.1.1 Alternative technologies for water-based coatings
This technology is mainly suitable for the coating process of wooden furniture and bamboo and rattan furniture. Water-based coatings use water as a solvent or dispersing medium, and use natural
Or artificial synthetic resin as a film-forming substance, supplemented by various pigments, fillers and additives, through a certain paint matching process. water-based coating
The material shall meet the product technical requirements of GB 18581.Water-based coatings are used to replace solvent-based coatings in the production of wooden furniture and bamboo and rattan furniture, VOCs
The production volume can generally be reduced by more than 45%.
5.1.1.2 Ultraviolet (UV) Curable Coating Alternative Technology
This technology is mainly applicable to the painting process of wooden furniture, etc. UV-curable coatings are irradiated with ultraviolet light to make the bonds within the coating
The material undergoes a cross-linking reaction, thereby changing from liquid to solid. The most common applications of furniture manufacturing enterprises are water-based UV-curable coatings and solvent-free coatings.
UV curable coatings. Water-based UV-curable coatings should meet the product technical requirements of GB 18581, and the VOCs quality of solvent-free UV-curable coatings
The proportion should be less than or equal to 10%. Using water-based UV-curable coatings to replace solvent-based coatings can generally reduce the amount of VOCs by more than 50%.
Using solvent-free UV-curable coatings to replace solvent-based coatings can generally reduce the amount of VOCs by more than 80%. Using mercury lamps and ultraviolet light emitting two
When a polar tube (LED-UV) is used as an ultraviolet light source, ozone will be generated, and the ozone generated by LED-UV is less.
5.1.1.3 Alternative technologies for powder coatings
This technology is mainly suitable for the painting process of metal furniture and suitable panel furniture. Powder coatings are composed of solid resins, pigments, fillers and auxiliaries
The composition of the agent, etc., does not contain organic solvents. The powder coating that is not sprayed on the workpiece can be recycled after being recovered. Furniture manufacturing using powder coatings
Enterprises should cooperate with electrostatic spraying technology. Using powder coatings instead of liquid coatings can generally reduce the production of VOCs by more than 95%.
5.1.1.4 Alternative technologies for water-based adhesives
This technology is mainly applicable to the splicing, splicing, edge banding, veneering, assembling and other processes of wooden furniture, bamboo and rattan furniture and upholstered furniture.
Water-based adhesives use water as a dispersion medium, and are composed of binders, curing agents, accelerators, cross-linking agents, fillers, and auxiliary agents. water-based adhesive
Should meet the product technical requirements of GB 33372.Using water-based adhesives instead of solvent-based adhesives can generally reduce VOCs production by 70%
above.
5.1.1.5 Solid hot melt adhesive replacement technology
a) Ordinary solid hot melt adhesive replacement technology
This technology is mainly applicable to the edge banding process of wooden furniture. The solid hot melt adhesive is heated and transformed into a molten state, and is applied to artificial
The surface of the board base material and the edge sealing material is cooled to a solid state and the base material and the edge sealing material are bonded together. Solid hot melt adhesives do not contain organic solvents. Pick
Replacing liquid adhesives with solid hot melt adhesives can generally reduce the production of VOCs by more than 95%.
b) Alternative technology for moisture curing reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive (PUR hot melt adhesive)
This technology is mainly applicable to the veneer process of wooden furniture. PUR hot melt adhesive is heated and melted in an airtight container and applied by a roller gluer
It is distributed to the surface of the wood-based panel substrate, and cross-links with water in the air to form a stable chemical structure, bonding the substrate and the facing material together.
PUR hot-melt adhesives do not contain organic solvents. Using PUR hot-melt adhesives instead of liquid adhesives can generally reduce the amount of VOCs by more than 95%. Pick
Furniture manufacturers that use PUR hot melt adhesives should use roller glue technology in conjunction. The reaction of PUR hot melt adhesive is irreversible and the bond strength is stronger than other adhesives
The dosage is high, but the cost is high.
5.1.2 Equipment or process innovation technology
5.1.2.1 Automatic spraying technology
This technology is mainly suitable for the painting process of continuous automatic production of furniture manufacturing enterprises or centralized painting factories. The technology utilizes electric motors
Or mechanical equipment to automatically control the spray gun. The automatic spraying equipment commonly used in furniture manufacturing enterprises includes manipulators, robots and reciprocating automatic spraying boxes.
Compared with manual spraying, this technology has stable spraying speed and uniform coating, which can increase the utilization rate of paint to more than 50%, and can reduce the use of paint.
amount and the total amount of VOCs produced. The technology can use a centralized paint supply process to reduce the amount of waste packaging and waste paint. Reciprocating automatic spraying
The combination of the box and the automatic transmission system can effectively collect the exhaust gas during the spraying and leveling process, and the paint that is not sprayed on the workpiece can be recovered.
Can be recycled later. The investment cost of this technology is relatively high.
5.1.2.2 Electrostatic spraying technology
This technology is mainly suitable for the powder coating process of metal furniture and suitable panel furniture, as well as the liquid coating spraying of solid wood furniture. Should
The technology enables the coating to be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the substrate after being charged under the action of a high-voltage electric field. Compared with manual spraying, this technology can reduce the utilization rate of paint
When it is increased to more than 60%, the amount of paint and the total amount of VOCs can be reduced. The investment cost of this technology is relatively high.
5.1.2.3 Roller/Flower Coating Technology
This technology is mainly suitable for the coating process of workpieces with smooth surface and moderate size. Through the rotation of the two rollers, the technology converts the
Liquid paint is transferred to the workpiece surface. The roller coating technology is mainly suitable for the primer coating process, and the curtain coating technology is suitable for the primer coating and top coating processes. with artificial spray
Compared with paint, this technology can increase the utilization rate of paint to more than 90% without paint fog. Roller coating/spray coating technology is mainly suitable for furniture manufacturing enterprises.
For UV curing coatings. The investment cost of this technology is relatively high.
5.1.2.4 Roll glue technology
This technology is mainly suitable for the sizing process of workpieces with smooth surface and moderate size. Using a rotating roller as a carrier for the adhesive, pour the adhesive into /
Pump into the roller gluer and transfer to the surface to be bonded or coated. The technology is evenly applied, and the utilization rate of the adhesive can generally reach more than 90%.
The roller glue technology in furniture manufacturing enterprises is mainly suitable for water-based adhesives and PUR hot melt adhesives.
5.2 Water pollution prevention technology
Phosphorus-free silylation technology. This technology is mainly applicable to the pretreatment process of metal furniture. Organosilane aqueous solution as the main component to metal
The material is surface treated. Compared with the traditional phosphating surface treatment, the silanization treatment does not produce heavy metal ions such as nickel, the amount of waste residue is less, and the silane
The bath liquid does not need to be heated, which can save energy. This technology can process various substrates such as iron plate, galvanized plate, aluminum plate, etc.
Adhesion, reduce the cost of sewage treatment.
6 Pollution control technology
6.1 Air pollution control technology
6.1.1 Dust removal technology
6.1.1.1 Cyclone dust removal technology
This technology is suitable for the pretreatment of waste gas particles in furniture enterprises, such as cutting, machining, metal welding, powder spraying and other processes, to remove heavy substances.
Particulate matter or high concentrations of particulate matter. This technology utilizes the rotational motion caused by the tangential introduction of the airflow to make the solid
The bulk particles are thrown to the outer wall, and then separated from the gas, which can be used to capture particles with a diameter of more than 10 μm, and the treatment effect of light particles
not good.
6.1.1.2 Bag dust removal technology
This technology can be used as a dust removal technology for machining, lacquer surface grinding and other processes in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises, and can also be used as metal furniture manufacturing enterprises
Secondary treatment technology for waste gas in dusting process. The bag-type dust removal technology has stable and reliable performance and simple operation. Bag dust collectors used by furniture manufacturers
The filtration wind speed of the filter is usually lower than 1.1 m/min, the system resistance is usually lower than 1 500 Pa, and the dust removal efficiency is usually above 95%. bag removal
The technical parameters of dust technology should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2020.This technique requires regular cleaning or replacement of filter bags.
6.1.1.3 Filter cartridge dust removal technology
This technology can be used as a dust removal technology for paint grinding and other processes in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises, and can also be used as metal welding in metal furniture manufacturing enterprises.
The treatment technology of smoke and dust and the secondary treatment technology of waste gas in powder spraying process. The technology has high space utilization, long service life and easy maintenance. Family
The filtering wind speed of the filter cartridge dust collector used by the manufacturing enterprises is usually lower than 0.7 m/min, the system resistance is usually lower than 800 Pa, and the dust removal efficiency is normal.
Often up to 95% or more. This technique requires periodic cleaning or replacement of the filter cartridge.
6.1.1.4 Wet dust removal technology
This technology is suitable for the treatment of paint mist in the coating process and the pretreatment of VOCs end treatment. Commonly used wet dust collectors include water curtain cabinet, spray
Towers, etc., are generally used in series with multi-stage treatment facilities, and the dust removal efficiency can usually reach more than 90%. This technology will generate waste water and paint residues, etc.
secondary pollution problem. Dehumidification should be carried out if the subsequent supporting VOCs treatment facilities are used to reduce the impact of water vapor in the exhaust gas on the VOCs treatment facilities.
6.1.1.5 Dry Filtration Technology
This technology is suitable for the control of paint mist in the water-based paint coating process and the dehumidification after wet dust removal. Common filter materials include paper filters
Generally, multi-stage combined filtration is used, and the dust removal efficiency can usually reach more than 85%. Paper filters are mostly recyclable
Made of environmentally friendly paper, it has strong paint mist holding capacity, long service life, and poor interception effect on paint mist with small particle size; paint mist filter cotton is not easy to be blocked by large paint mist
The paint slag is blocked, and the paint mist with larger particle size can be removed. The technology produces no waste water, but there is a risk of fire.
6.1.2 VOCs treatment technology by adsorption method
This technology uses adsorbents (activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, molecular sieve, etc.) to adsorb VOCs pollutants in the exhaust gas, so that they can be separated from the exhaust gas.
Separation, referred to as adsorption technology, mainly includes fixed bed adsorption technology, moving bed adsorption technology, fluidized bed adsorption technology, and rotary adsorption technology.
The adsorption technologies commonly used in the furniture manufacturing industry are fixed bed adsorption technology and rotary adsorption technology. If the pollutants in the exhaust gas are present in the adsorbent
It is prone to polymerization, cross-linking, oxidation and other reactions, so adsorption technology should not be used.
6.1.2.1 Fixed bed adsorption technology
During the adsorption process of this technology, the adsorbent bed is in a static state, and the VOCs pollutants in the exhaust gas are adsorbed and separated. furniture maker
The industry generally uses activated carbon as an adsorbent material. The adsorbent should be periodically regenerated or replaced according to the pollutant treatment volume and treatment requirements to ensure the treatment
The removal efficiency of the facility. The concentration of particulate matter in the inlet exhaust gas should be lower than 1 mg/m3, the temperature should be lower than 40°C, and the relative humidity (RH) should be lower than 80%.
The technical parameters of this technology should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2026.The activated carbon adsorbent is recycled through desorption, and the desorbed VOCs can be
Pass...
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