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HJ 1179-2021: (A guide to feasible technologies for the prevention and control of pollution in the coating and ink industry)
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(A guide to feasible technologies for the prevention and control of pollution in the coating and ink industry)
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HJ 1179-2021
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Standard similar to HJ 1179-2021 HJ 1347.1 HJ 1347.2 HJ 1346.1 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1179-2021 (HJ1179-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | (A guide to feasible technologies for the prevention and control of pollution in the coating and ink industry) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 16,127 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1179-2021: (A guide to feasible technologies for the prevention and control of pollution in the coating and ink industry)
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(A guide to feasible technologies for the prevention and control of pollution in the coating and ink industry)
National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidance on Feasible Technologies for Pollution Prevention and Control in the Paint and Ink Industry
Guideline on available techniques of pollution prevention and control for
paint and ink industry
This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Published on 2021-05-12
2021-05-12 Implementation
Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
directory
Foreword...ii
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 Industrial production and generation of pollutants...2
5 Pollution Prevention Techniques...4
6 Pollution control technology...5
7 Environmental management measures...7
8 Possible technologies for pollution prevention...9
Appendix A (informative appendix) Coating and ink production process and main pollutant generating nodes...12
Appendix B (informative appendix) VOCs production per unit product and VOCs production concentration level in the paint and ink industry...13
Guidance on Feasible Technologies for Pollution Prevention and Control in the Paint and Ink Industry
1 Scope of application
This standard proposes feasible technologies for the prevention and control of waste gas, waste water, solid waste and noise pollution in the paint and ink industry.
This standard can be used as the environmental impact assessment of paint and ink industrial enterprises or production facilities construction projects, and the preparation and revision of national pollutant discharge standards.
References for ordering, emission permit management and selection of pollution prevention and control technologies.
This standard does not apply to production equipment for synthetic resin production and modification.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
GB 12348 Industrial Enterprise Boundary Environmental Noise Emission Standard
GB 14554 Emission Standard of Odor Pollutants
GB 18597 Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard
GB 18599 General Industrial Solid Waste Storage and Landfill Pollution Control Standard
GB 25463 Ink Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard
GB 37824 Air Pollutant Emission Standard for Paint, Ink and Adhesive Industry
GB/T 4754-2017 National Economic Industry Classification
GB/T 50087 Design specification for noise control of industrial enterprises
HJ 1093 Regenerative combustion method industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering technical specification
HJ 1116 Technical Specifications for the Application and Issuance of Pollution Discharge Permits for the Manufacturing of Paints, Inks, Pigments and Similar Products
HJ 2020 General technical specification for bag type dust removal project
HJ 2026 Technical specification for industrial organic waste gas treatment engineering by adsorption method
HJ 2027 Technical Specification for Industrial Organic Waste Gas Treatment Engineering by Catalytic Combustion
"Measures for the Administration of Hazardous Waste Transfer Forms"
"National Hazardous Waste List"
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
paint and ink industrypaint and ink industry
Paint manufacturing industry (C2641) and ink and similar products manufacturing industry (C2642) specified in GB/T 4754-2017.
3.2
manufacture of paints
The production activities of adding pigments, solvents and auxiliary materials to natural resins or synthetic resins and processing them into covering materials, including coating
Preparation of auxiliary materials such as materials and thinners, paint strippers, etc.
3.3
manufacturing of ink
It is prepared by mixing and grinding pigments, binders (vegetable oils, mineral oils, resins, solvents) and fillers.
Color paste-like substances, as well as for computer printing, ink for copiers and other production activities.
3.4
available techniques of pollution prevention and control
According to my country's environmental demand and economic level in a certain period of time, comprehensive use of pollution prevention technology and pollution control technology in the process of pollution prevention and control
technology and environmental management measures to stably meet the national pollutant discharge standards and large-scale application of technology.
3.5
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Organic compounds participating in atmospheric photochemical reactions, or organic compounds determined according to relevant regulations.
When characterizing the overall emission of VOCs, according to industry characteristics and environmental management requirements, total volatile organic compounds (with TVOC) can be used.
expressed), non-methane total hydrocarbons (expressed as NMHC) as pollutant control items.
3.6
non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC)
Using the specified monitoring method, the sum of the gaseous organic compounds, excluding methane, for which the hydrogen flame ionization detector responds, in terms of carbon mass
concentration meter.
3.7
airtight closed/close
Contaminants are not in contact with the ambient air, or are isolated from the ambient air by sealing materials, sealing equipment, or operating methods.
3.8
closed space
A closed area or closed building formed by using a complete envelope to block pollutants, workplaces, etc. from the surrounding space.
Except for personnel, vehicles, equipment, and materials entering and leaving the closed area or closed building, as well as the exhaust pipes and vents established according to law, the door shall be closed.
Windows and other openings (holes) should be kept closed at all times.
3.9
VOCs-containing materials
This standard refers to raw and auxiliary materials, products and wastes (slag, liquid) with a mass proportion of VOCs greater than or equal to 10%, as well as organic polymer raw materials.
Auxiliary materials and waste (slag, liquid).
3.10
fugitive emission
Irregular emissions of air pollutants that do not pass through exhaust stacks, including emissions from open workplaces, and through crevices, vents, open
Discharge of doors, windows and similar openings (holes), etc.
4 Industrial production and generation of pollutants
4.1 Production process
4.1.1 Coating Manufacturing Production Process
4.1.1.1 According to the form of the coating product and the dispersion medium used, it can be divided into solvent-based coating, water-based coating and powder coating, etc. of which solvent-based
The production process of coatings and water-based coatings mainly includes raw and auxiliary materials storage, metering, transportation, feeding, mixing, grinding, blending, filtration, storage, etc.
Storage, packaging, cleaning and other processes. The production process of powder coatings mainly includes raw and auxiliary materials storage, metering, transportation, feeding, mixing, melting
Extrusion, tableting, cooling, crushing, grinding, air screening, packaging and other processes. See Appendix A for the paint production process flow.
4.1.1.2 The main raw and auxiliary materials used in the coating production process include resins, fillers, solvents, additives and pigments. Materials containing VOCs
Including resins, solvents and additives, where resins include alkyd resins, amino resins, acrylic resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes
Ester resins, etc.; solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures mainly alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters and chlorinated alkanes, etc.; additives
Including leveling agents, thickeners, surfactants, plasticizers, driers, curing agents, etc.
4.1.1.3 The energy used in paint production mainly includes electricity, natural gas, etc.
4.1.2 Production Process of Ink Manufacturing
4.1.2.1 According to the ink product form, it can be divided into paste ink, liquid ink, etc.; according to the use of binder, it can be divided into solvent-based ink, water-based oil
Ink and offset printing ink, etc. The production process of ink mainly includes storage, measurement, transportation, feeding, mixing (kneading), grinding,
Preparation, filtration, storage, packaging, cleaning and other processes. See Appendix A for the production process flow of the ink.
4.1.2.2 The main raw and auxiliary materials used in the ink production process include pigments, binders (vegetable oils, mineral oils, resins, solvents, etc.),
Fillers and auxiliaries, etc. Materials containing VOCs include resins, solvents and additives, among which resins include polyamide resins, chlorinated polypropylene resins,
Polyurethane resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, phenolic resins and epoxy resins, etc.; solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures based on alkanes,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and esters, etc.; additives include desiccants, anti-drying agents, viscosity reducers, diluents, thickeners, plasticizers, diluents,
Anti-gelling agent, surfactant, defoaming agent, ultraviolet absorber, anti-pinhole agent, foaming agent, etc.
4.1.2.3 The energy used in ink production mainly includes electricity, natural gas, etc.
4.2 Generation of pollutants
4.2.1 Generation of paint manufacturing pollutants
4.2.1.1 Exhaust gas pollutants from paint production include VOCs and particulate matter. VOCs are mainly generated from the storage and mixing of raw and auxiliary materials containing VOCs.
Processes such as mixing, grinding, blending, filtration, storage, packaging, etc., as well as the cleaning process of mobile cylinders, stationary cylinders and parts, etc., contain VOCs
Storage of hazardous waste, etc. Particulate matter is mainly produced in the processes of mixing, grinding, blending and filtration of solid raw and auxiliary materials. Different paint products
See Appendix B for the amount of VOCs produced per unit of product and the concentration level of VOCs produced.
4.2.1.2 Wastewater from paint production is mainly produced in the cleaning process of mobile cylinders, stationary cylinders and workshops, etc. The main pollutant is chemical oxygen demand
(CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids (SS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN), etc.
4.2.1.3 The general industrial solid waste generated in the coating production process mainly includes waste packaging and
container etc. The generated hazardous wastes mainly include waste packaging and containers contaminated with substances with hazardous properties,
VOCs waste (slag, liquid), particulate matter produced by exhaust gas purification system, waste activated carbon, waste catalyst, waste rag, etc., and other listed
"National List of Hazardous Wastes" or solids with hazardous properties identified according to the identification standards and identification methods of hazardous wastes stipulated by the state
waste.
4.2.1.4 The noise in the coating production process is mainly generated by production equipment (such as sand mill, ball mill, high-speed disperser, conveying pump, etc.) and
Operation of auxiliary production equipment (such as exhaust fans, motors, lift pumps, blowers, air compressors, etc.).
4.2.2 Generation of Ink Manufacturing Pollutants
4.2.2.1 Waste gas pollutants from ink production mainly include VOCs and particulate matter. VOCs are mainly produced from VOCs-containing raw materials (linking materials, etc.)
Processes such as storage, mixing (kneading), grinding, blending, filtration, storage, packaging, etc., as well as cleaning of moving cylinders, stationary cylinders and parts, etc.
Washing process, storage of hazardous waste containing VOCs, etc. Particles are mainly produced from mixing (kneading), grinding, blending and mixing of solid raw and auxiliary materials.
filter process. See Appendix B for the production amount of VOCs per unit product and the concentration level of VOCs produced by different ink product types.
4.2.2.2 Wastewater from ink production is mainly produced in the mixing (kneading) process of ink production, the cleaning process of moving cylinders, fixed cylinders and workshops, etc.
The main pollutants are CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N and TN.
4.2.2.3 The general industrial solid wastes produced in the ink production process are mainly waste packaging and containers that are not contaminated with hazardous substances.
device. The hazardous wastes produced are mainly waste packaging and containers contaminated with hazardous substances, and VOCs produced in the production process.
Waste (slag, liquid), particulate matter produced by the exhaust gas purification system, waste activated carbon, waste catalyst, waste rag, etc., and others listed in the "National
List of Hazardous Wastes" or solid wastes with hazardous properties identified according to the identification standards and identification methods of hazardous wastes stipulated by the state.
4.2.2.4 The noise in the ink production process is mainly caused by production equipment (such as sand mill, ball mill, high-speed disperser, conveying pump, etc.) and
Operation of auxiliary production equipment (such as exhaust fans, motors, lift pumps, cooling towers, blowers, air compressors, etc.).
5 Pollution Prevention Technologies
5.1 Air pollution prevention technology
5.1.1 Raw and Auxiliary Material Substitution Technology
5.1.1.1 Water-based resin replacement technology for coatings
This technology is usually applicable to the production of waterborne architectural coatings, waterborne industrial coatings and other coating products. This technology uses water-based resin as film-forming material
quality, and use water as the dispersion medium to produce water-based coatings. Water-based resins suitable for the production of water-based coatings include water-based acrylic resins, water-based
Urethane resin, acrylic polyurethane resin, waterborne epoxy resin, waterborne alkyd resin and waterborne polyester resin, etc. Compatible with the production of solvent-borne coatings
The production of VOCs in the production of water-based coatings can generally be reduced by more than 30%.
5.1.1.2 Water-based resin replacement technology for ink
This technology is usually suitable for the production of water-based gravure inks, water-based flexographic inks and other ink products. This technology uses water-based resin as a binder,
And use water as dispersion medium to produce water-based ink. Water-based resins suitable for water-based ink production include water-based acrylic resin, water-based polyurethane
resin, acrylic polyurethane resin, water-based epoxy resin, etc. Compared with the production of solvent-based inks, the amount of VOCs produced in the production of water-based inks is one
Generally, it can be reduced by more than 30%.
5.1.2 Equipment or process innovation technology
5.1.2.1 Drum pump feeding technology
This technology is suitable for the liquid automatic feeding process of coating ink production. Compared with manual feeding, this technology can reduce the raw material containing VOCs.
The contact area and time of auxiliary materials with air in the feeding process can reduce the amount of VOCs generated in this process. The tightness of the pipe joint will affect the
affect the amount of VOCs produced by this technology. When the viscosity of the material is relatively large, it is easy to cause pipeline blockage, which increases the cleaning frequency and affects the emission reduction of VOCs.
Effect.
5.1.2.2 Powder closed feeding technology
This technology is suitable for the feeding process of solid raw and auxiliary materials for powder coating production. This technology generally adopts closed bag unpacking machine, material tank and
A closed feeding device composed of pneumatic conveying pipelines, etc. Compared with manual feeding, this technology can reduce the fugitive emission of particulate matter in raw and auxiliary materials
and material loss. It is suitable for mass production of the same product. When changing products, the cleaning process of the pipeline is more complicated.
5.1.2.3 Closed Sand Mill Grinding Technology
This technology is suitable for the grinding process of coating ink production. The sealing performance of the closed sand mill is good. Compared with the traditional basket mill, it can
Significantly reduces the amount of VOCs generated in the grinding process. Compared with traditional three-roll mills, this technology generally reduces the generation of VOCs in the grinding process
more than 90% of the amount.
5.1.2.4 Automatic or semi-automatic packaging technology
This technology is suitable for the packaging process of coating ink products. Automatic packaging technology can be used for all processes in the packaging process of coating ink products (canning,
Weighing, capping and palletizing, etc.) are automated. The packaging technology that only realizes the automation of the above part of the process is semi-automatic packaging technology. with manual
Compared with packaging, this technology has shorter packaging time and more accurate measurement, which can reduce the contact time of paint and ink products with air in the packaging process.
In order to reduce the production of VOCs in this process. It is suitable for mass production of the same product. When changing products, the cleaning process of the canning equipment is more complicated.
petty. Local gas collection measures should be taken at automatic and semi-automatic packaging, and the exhaust gas should be discharged to the exhaust gas collection and treatment system.
5.1.2.5 Stationary cylinder/moving cylinder gas collection technology
This technology is suitable for processes such as feeding and dispensing of fixed cylinders/moving cylinders. Install exhaust gas collection pipe at the top connection of fixed cylinder/moving cylinder
channel, so that the inside of the fixed cylinder/moving cylinder presents a state of slight negative pressure. The exhaust gas should be discharged to the exhaust gas collection and treatment system. When the product contains a higher volatilization rate
When there are large components (such as xylene, isopropanol, etc.), this technology can cause material loss, reduce product quality, and generate VOCs.
Increase.
5.2 Wastewater pollution prevention technology
Washing water recycling technology. This technology is suitable for the cleaning of water-based paint and water-based ink production facilities (mobile cylinders and parts, etc.).
Procedure. The cleaning wastewater is recycled to the cleaning process after sedimentation, which can reduce the consumption of fresh water by more than 90% in the cleaning process, and can reduce the amount of cleaning
More than 90% of wastewater is produced. When the content of water-soluble solvent in water-based paint and water-based ink is too high, it will affect the recycling rate.
6 Pollution control technology
6.1 Air pollution control technology
6.1.1 Dust removal technology
This technology is suitable for the treatment of particulate matter in the waste gas in the process of mixing, grinding, blending and filtration of solid raw and auxiliary materials. Paint and ink industry
Commonly used dust removal technologies are bag dust removal technology and filter cartridge dust removal technology.
6.1.1.1 Bag dust removal technology
The particle size range applicable to this technology is generally above 0.5 μm. The filter media used are usually composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers or various
Made of fiber combination. The technical performance is stable and reliable, and the operation is simple. The bag filter used by the coating and ink industry enterprises generally uses a pulse bag filter.
Type dust collector is mainly used, the system resistance is usually 1 000-1 500 Pa, and the dust removal efficiency can usually reach more than 99%. The technology of bag dust removal technology
The parameters should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2020.This technique requires regular cleaning or replacement of filter bags.
6.1.1.2 Filter cartridge dust removal technology
The particle size range applicable to this technology is generally above 0.5 μm. The technology has high space utilization, and the filter material is usually synthetic fiber
Dimensional material, the filter material has a long service life. The system resistance of the filter cartridge dust collector used by the coating and ink industrial enterprises is usually lower than 800 Pa, and the dust removal efficiency is less than 800 Pa.
The rate is usually above 95%. This technique requires periodic cleaning or replacement of the filter cartridge.
6.1.2 VOCs treatment technology by adsorption method
This technology uses adsorbents (activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, molecular sieve, etc.) to adsorb VOCs pollutants in the exhaust gas, so that they can be separated from the exhaust gas.
separation, referred to as adsorption technology. It mainly includes fixed bed adsorption technology, moving bed adsorption technology, fluidized bed adsorption technology and rotary adsorption technology.
The adsorption technologies commonly used in the coating and ink industry are fixed bed adsorption technology and rotary adsorption technology. If the pollutants in the exhaust gas are present in the adsorbent
It is prone to polymerization, cross-linking, oxidation and other reactions, so this technology should not be used.
6.1.2.1 Fixed bed adsorption technology
The technology is suitable for the treatment of waste gas in the production process of solvent-based coatings, water-based industrial coatings, solvent-based inks, water-based inks and offset printing inks.
During the adsorption process, the adsorbent bed is in a static state, and the VOCs pollutants in the exhaust gas are adsorbed and separated. Generally used in the paint and ink industry
Activated carbon as adsorbent. The adsorbent should be periodically regenerated or replaced according to the amount of pollutant treatment and treatment requirements to ensure the removal of treatment facilities.
efficiency. The concentration of particulate matter in the inlet exhaust gas should be lower than 1 mg/m3, the temperature should be lower than 40 °C, and the relative humidity (RH) should be lower than 80%. the technology
The technical parameters should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2026.The activated carbon adsorbent is recycled through desorption, and the desorbed VOCs can be
The burning method of VOCs treatment technology is used for destruction.
6.1.2.2 Rotary adsorption technology
This technology is suitable for pre-concentration of waste gas from solvent-based coatings, water-based industrial coatings, and solvent-based ink production processes. During the adsorption process, the exhaust gas and
The adsorbent bed is in a state of relative rotation, and the VOCs pollutants in the exhaust gas are adsorbed and separated, generally including runner type, rotary drum (tower)
Mode. The coating and ink industry generally uses molecular sieves as adsorbents for the pre-concentration of low-concentration VOCs waste gas, and the desorption waste gas generally adopts storage
Thermal combustion or catalytic combustion technology for treatment. The inlet exhaust gas should meet the requirements that the particle concentration should be lower than 1 mg/m3, the temperature should be lower than 40 °C, and the relative
Humidity (RH) should be lower than 80%. The technical parameters of this technology should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2026.
6.1.3 Combustion VOCs treatment technology
This technology converts VOCs pollutants in exhaust gas into carbon dioxide, water and other substances through thermal combustion or catalytic combustion.
Referred to as combustion technology. Mainly include thermal combustion technology (Thermal Oxidation, TO), regenerative combustion technology (Regenerative Thermal
Oxidation, RTO), catalytic combustion technology (Catalytic Oxidation, CO) and regenerative catalytic combustion technology (Regenerative Catalytic
Oxidation, RCO). The combustion technologies commonly used in the coating and ink industry are RTO and CO, which are suitable for coil steel, ships, machinery, automobiles, etc.
Process waste gas treatment for solvent-based industrial coating production and solvent-based gravure, flexographic printing and other ink production.
6.1.3.1 Regenerative combustion technology
This technology is suitable for process waste gas treatment of solvent-based coatings, water-based industrial coatings and solvent-based inks. The combustion method is used to make the exhaust gas in
The VOCs pollutants are reacted and converted into carbon dioxide, water and other substances, and the heat generated by the reaction is accumulated and utilized by the heat storage body. the technology
It is suitable for waste gas treatment with particle concentration below 5 mg/m3.The VOCs removal efficiency of the two-chamber RTO used by the coating and ink industry is usually
It can reach more than 95%, and the VOCs removal efficiency of multi-chamber or rotary RTO can usually reach more than 98%. When the exhaust gas contains halides, etc.,
This technique should not be used. The technical parameters of RTO should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 1093.VOCs in discontinuous production conditions or inlet exhaust gas
When the concentration level fluctuates greatly, the energy consumption of using this technology to treat exhaust gas will increase. Medium and large enterprises are more suitable for adopting this technology.
Reduce operating costs.
6.1.3.2 Catalytic combustion technology
This technology is suitable for process waste gas treatment of solvent-based coatings, water-based industrial coatings and solvent-based inks. Under the action of the catalyst, the exhaust gas
The VOCs pollutants are converted into carbon dioxide, water and other substances. This technology is suitable for waste gas treatment with particle concentration below 10 mg/m3.
The technology has a low reaction temperature and does not generate thermal nitrogen oxides. The removal efficiency of VOCs using CO is usually as high as
above 95.When the exhaust gas contains halides, organic silicon, sulfur-containing compounds and other catalyst poisoning substances, it is not suitable to use this technology. the technology
The technical parameters of the technique should meet the relevant requirements of HJ 2027.
6.2 Wastewater pollution treatment technology
6.2.1 Water-based paint production wastewater treatment technology
Water-based paint production wastewater generally adopts pretreatment (coagulation sedimentation) advanced oxidation (Fenton/iron carbon, etc.) biochemical treatment (anaerobic hydrolysis)
Acidification activated sludge method/biological contact oxidation/sequencing batch activated sludge method, etc.) treatment process, and then enter the comprehensive wastewater treatment system.
6.2.2 Water-based ink production wastewater treatment technology
Water-based ink production wastewater is generally pre-treated...
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