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HJ 1170-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Field Observation of Desert Ecosystem)
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(National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Field Observation of Desert Ecosystem)
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HJ 1170-2021
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Standard similar to HJ 1170-2021 HJ 1347.1 HJ 1347.2 HJ 1346.1 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1170-2021 (HJ1170-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Field Observation of Desert Ecosystem) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 11,165 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1170-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Field Observation of Desert Ecosystem)
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(National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Field Observation of Desert Ecosystem)
National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China
National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification
-- Field observations of desert ecosystems
Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological
status
--Field observation of desert ecosystem
This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Published on 2021-05-12
2021-08-01 Implementation
Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
directory
Foreword...ii
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 General...2
5 Technical process...2
6 Types of desert ecosystems...2
7 Field Observation Plot Selection and Plot Setting...2
8 Field observation index system...3
9 Field observation techniques and methods...4
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Field Observation Form...7
National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification
-- Field observations of desert ecosystems
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the general principles, technical process, sample plot selection and quadratic setting for field observation of desert ecosystems, field observation
Requirements for the indicator system and field observation techniques and methods.
This standard is applicable to the field observation of desert ecosystems in the national and provincial administrative regions, and other geographical regions can refer to this standard.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
GB/T 33867 Hemispherical pyranometer method for measuring photosynthetically active radiation
GB/T 35226 Specification for ground meteorological observation air temperature and humidity
GB/T 35227 Standardized wind direction and speed for ground meteorological observation
GB/T 35228 Standardized Precipitation for Surface Meteorological Observation
GB/T 35230 Standardized Evaporation of Surface Meteorological Observation
HJ 615 Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Potassium Dichromate Oxidation-Spectrophotometric Method
HJ 710.3 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Terrestrial Mammals
HJ 710.5 Technical Guidelines for Biodiversity Observation Reptiles
HJ 962 Potentiometric Method for Determination of Soil pH
HJ 1166 National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications--Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification
LY/T 1225 Determination of Forest Soil Particle Composition (Mechanical Composition)
LY/T 1752 Technical Specification for Positioning Observation of Desert Ecosystem
LY/T 2258 Technical Specifications for Modeling Methods of Standing Tree Biomass
LY/T 2259 Technical specification for sample collection for stumbling biomass modeling
NY/T 1121.4 Soil Testing Part 4.Determination of Soil Bulk Density
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
desert ecosystem
Biomes dominated by ultra-xerophyte, xerophytic small trees, shrubs, semishrubs, and herbaceous plants, as well as sparse precipitation, intense evaporation,
A natural ecosystem formed by arid abiotic environments, including deserts and sandy land in this standard.
3.2
desert
The product of the dry climate on the earth's surface, generally the average annual rainfall is less than 250 mm, the vegetation is sparse, the surface runoff is small, and the wind effect is obvious.
It is obvious that the land that produces unique landforms, such as various sand dunes, poor wind erosion land, etc.
3.3
sandy land
Land in semi-arid or semi-humid areas covered by sand dunes, usually dominated by fixed or semi-fixed dunes.
4 General
Field observations of desert ecosystems should follow the principles of normative, operable, advanced, and economic and technical feasibility.
5 Technical process
This standard formulates the identification of desert ecosystem types, the setting of sample plots, the construction of observation index system, and the definition of field observation techniques and methods.
and other technical processes, as shown in Figure 1.
6 Types of desert ecosystems
According to the ecosystem classification system in HJ 1166, the types of desert ecosystems in this standard include deserts and sandy land.
7 Field observation plot selection and plot setting
7.1 Plot selection
7.1.1 The selection of sample plots should be representative and typical, and avoid the selection of sample plots in areas with unclear ownership and frequent changes.
7.1.2 The sampling rate in the field is an average of 1 fixed sample plot per 10 000 km2, and the existing sample plots are selected as solid samples in combination with different types of sandy land.
Determine the sample plot, and comprehensively consider representativeness, economy, feasibility, etc., and make appropriate arrangements according to the actual situation of each region.
The number of plots can be appropriately increased in wrong and complex areas, and the number of plots can be appropriately reduced in areas with a single type.
7.1.3 For the observation object, if possible, select at least 2 sample plots that can represent the observation object, the surface coverage is relatively uniform,
The sample area is 10,000 m2.
7.1.4 The sample plot should be selected on the flat land with the same ecosystem type or on the slope with relatively uniform gentle slope.
7.2 Layout of plots
7.2.1 The plots should reflect the variation characteristics of various desert ecosystems with terrain, soil and human-made environment, and should be set according to the type of plots.
Each plot must have at least 3 replicates.
7.2.2 Set different square sizes according to different vegetation types of the desert. The size of the woody plant is 20 m × 20 m, and the size of the herbaceous plant is large.
As small as 1 m × 1 m.
7.2.3 For homogeneous ground sample plots, simple random sampling should be performed in the area instead of overall distribution.
7.2.4 For non-uniform ground sample plots, stratified sampling should be carried out according to the degree of spatial heterogeneity within the sample plot, requiring relatively uniformity within the stratum, and sampling within the stratum.
Local uniform sampling is carried out within the layer to express the parameters of each layer.
8 Field observation index system
Field observations of desert ecosystems are mainly carried out on deserts and sandy land, including type indicators, biological indicators, soil indicators and meteorological indicators.
index. According to different observation contents, different field observation indicators are set (Table 1).
9 Field observation techniques and methods
9.1 Types of deserts
According to the size of the survey scope, use the method of on-site survey to determine the type of desert.
9.2 Desert vegetation types
Using the sample method, classify and count the vegetation types in different quadrats, and classify and count multiple quadrats in the same desert type area.
The results are averaged to determine the vegetation type of the desert.
9.3 Vegetation Coverage
The vegetation coverage of desert ecosystems was observed by a combination of visual and photographic methods. Use higher pixel camera to obtain vegetation cover
The digital photos of the cover were taken repeatedly for 2 to 3 times. Finally, the vegetation coverage of each photo was calculated separately, and the average value was taken as the vegetation coverage of the plot.
Spend. For areas that are not easily recognized by the camera, the vegetation coverage is observed by visual observation.
9.4 Leaf Area Index
The leaf area index of desert vegetation is measured by a leaf area meter or a canopy analyzer, as follows.
a) For taller herbs and woody plants, use the leaf area index instrument to measure, and then calculate the quadratic mean leaf area index.
The sampling points are distributed at equal intervals along the two diagonal diagonal lines of the sample plot, and the distance between the two points is not more than 5 m, and each diagonal line is observed at least 8 times;
b) For a large number of short grasses, sparse and low grasses, the canopy analyzer is used. Place the Canopy Analyzer on the herbaceous community grass
On the ground below this layer, the entire community is scanned to obtain the total leaf area index of the community.
9.5 Woody biomass
9.5.1 For woody plants in deserts, the observation content of biomass mainly includes above-ground and below-ground biomass, and above-ground biomass includes standing trees and canopy.
The bottom observation is as follows.
a) Aboveground biomass observation of standing trees. measure all trees in the plot to obtain ground observation data such as tree height and DBH, etc.
Calculated according to the allometric growth equation, the sampling and equation calculation methods are specifically implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of LY/T 2258 and LY/T 2259.
The total value of the standing tree biomass was calculated and divided by the area of the plot to obtain the standing tree biomass with an area of 1 m2;
b) Biomass observation in the lower part of the canopy. Within the quadrat, randomly select no less than 4 areas, and collect all the above-ground vegetation respectively, which are called
The fresh weight of the plant was measured, and no less than 5% of the samples were taken from it, dried at 65 °C to constant weight and weighed as dry weight, to obtain the water content of the plant, and then to obtain the measured
Aboveground biomass, the total biomass was calculated and divided by the plot area as the biomass per unit area of the lower canopy. Shrub layer under the canopy (incl.
vine) biomass observation method according to the standing tree biomass observation method.
9.5.2 The underground biomass of woody plants is calculated according to the root-shoot ratio, and the sampling and equation calculation methods are based on LY/T 2258 and LY/T 2259.
Implementation of relevant requirements.
9.6 Herbal biomass
9.6.1 For desert herbs, the field observation of biomass should be carried out during the peak period of plant growth. The main method is to
All the green parts above the ground of the plants in the plot are cut off with scissors evenly on the ground, and they are put into envelope bags regardless of species and marked. to the collected
After weighing the fresh weight of the sample, dry it at 65°C to constant weight and weigh the dry weight, and average the dry weight values in multiple sample squares to obtain the unit area (1 m2).
biomass.
9.6.2 Subsurface biomass. obtain the root-shoot ratio of the plot range through the actual measurement of a certain amount of plots, and calculate other samples based on the measured root-shoot ratio.
square underground biomass.
9.7 Dominant species
The photographic method was mainly used to measure the dominant species of vegetation. Investigate the composition of plant communities in the desert ecosystem observation area.
Take digital photos of dominant species with a camera and record them.
9.8 Number of animal species
Infrared cameras and other instruments are mainly used for observation, and the specific observation methods are implemented in accordance with the relevant requirements of HJ 710.3 and HJ 710.5.
9.9 Soil organic matter content
Measured by potassium dichromate oxidation method. The sampling method and determination steps of soil organic matter content are in accordance with the relevant requirements of HJ 615
implement.
9.10 Soil pH
Observed by potentiometric method. The measurement method of soil pH is carried out according to the relevant requirements of HJ 962.
9.11 Soil bulk density
Through the field soil profile, the soil bulk density was determined by the ring knife method. The specific sampling method and determination steps were based on LY/T 1752 and
The relevant requirements of NY/T 1121.4 are implemented.
9.12 Soil Mechanical Composition
The pipette method was used for the measurement. The specific sampling method and measurement steps were carried out according to the relevant requirements of LY/T 1225.
See Table A.2 in Appendix A for the content of silt and clay, and the classification standard of soil particles.
9.13 Soil water content
The time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to automatically and continuously measure the soil profile volumetric water content. Determination of soil content in regional survey sites by drying method
water volume.
9.14 Wind speed/direction
Observe wind speed and direction through anemometer and wind vane, manually observe daily average wind speed and maximum wind direction, and automatically observe hourly average wind speed
speed and maximum wind direction, according to the relevant requirements of GB/T 35227.
9.15 Temperature
Manual measurement by thermometer or automatic measurement by meteorological station, manual observation of daily maximum and daily minimum temperature, automatic observation of hourly average air temperature
temperature, according to the relevant requirements of GB/T 35226.
9.16 Precipitation
Manual measurement by rain gauge or automatic measurement by meteorological station, manual observation of daily accumulated precipitation, automatic observation of hourly rainfall, specific
Execute according to the relevant requirements of GB/T 35228.
9.17 Evaporation
Evaporator measurement is adopted, the daily evaporation is observed manually at 20.00 every day, and the hourly evaporation is automatically observed, according to GB/T 35230
implementation of the relevant requirements.
9.18 Photosynthetically Active Radiation
The photosynthetically active radiometer is used for measurement, and the specific implementation is carried out according to the relevant requirements of GB/T 33867.
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