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HJ 1166-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification)
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(National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification)
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HJ 1166-2021
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Standard similar to HJ 1166-2021 HJ 1347.1 HJ 1347.2 HJ 1346.1 Basic data | Standard ID | HJ 1166-2021 (HJ1166-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification) | | Sector / Industry | Environmental Protection Industry Standard | | Word Count Estimation | 12,142 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Ecology and Environment | HJ 1166-2021: (National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification)
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(National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications-Ecosystem Remote Sensing Interpretation and Field Verification)
National Ecological Environment Standard of the People's Republic of China
National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification
--Ecosystem remote sensing interpretation and field verification
Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological
status
--Remote sensing interpretation and field verification of ecosystem
This electronic version is the official standard text, which is reviewed and typeset by the Environmental Standards Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
Published on 2021-05-12
2021-08-01 Implementation
Released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment
directory
Foreword...ii
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references...1
3 Terms and Definitions...1
4 General...2
5 Technical process...2
6 Remote sensing interpretation...2
7 Field verification...4
8 Ecosystem Type Interpretation Results...5
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) National Ecosystem Classification System Table...6
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Interpretation Target Characteristics Table...7
Appendix C (Normative Appendix) Field Detailed Verification and Accuracy Verification Table...8
National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specification
--Ecosystem remote sensing interpretation and field verification
1 Scope of application
This standard specifies the general principles, technical process, remote sensing interpretation and field inspection of ecosystem remote sensing interpretation and field inspection, and ecosystem
Type interpretation results and other requirements.
This standard is applicable to remote sensing interpretation and field verification of terrestrial ecosystems in the national and provincial administrative regions. Other geographic regions can refer to this standard.
implement.
2 Normative references
This standard refers to the following documents or clauses thereof. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this standard.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this standard.
HJ 1176 National Ecological Status Survey and Evaluation Technical Specifications--Data Quality Control and Integration
DD.2013-12 Technical Regulations for Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Processing
GDPJ 06 Technical Regulations on Sample Data for Remote Sensing Image Interpretation
GDPJ 11 Technical Regulations for Geographical National Census Field Survey
TD/T 1055 Technical Regulations for the Third National Land Survey
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
remote sensing interpretation of ecosystem
According to the interpretation signs of the ecosystem, the type, area, distribution, structure, etc. of the ecosystem are qualitatively and quantitatively extracted from the remote sensing images.
information about the process.
3.2
type of ecosystem
In a certain space in nature, a type of ecosystem composed of organisms and the environment, this standard mainly includes forests, shrubs, grasslands,
Wetlands, farmland, towns, deserts and other ecosystem types.
3.3
interpretation mark
Image features that can directly or indirectly reflect and discriminate ground object information, including shape, size, shadow, tone, color, texture, image
Direct signs such as case, location and layout and indirect signs such as water system, landform and vegetation.
3.4
human-computer interaction
Combining automatic computer classification and recognition with visual interpretation, in the process of extracting classification information from remote sensing images, on the one hand, it plays an important role as an interpreter.
It is a remote sensing image interpretation method that can take advantage of computer processing image information and the experience of the operator.
a) Remote sensing data. collect and obtain multi-source remote sensing image data of the area to be interpreted, and the national scale is better than 30 m.
b) Ground survey data. Obtain field survey samples and ground collection data, etc.
c) Other auxiliary data. collect other auxiliary information and related materials such as physical geography, topography, social economy and so on in the region.
6.1.2 Data Preprocessing
By performing radiometric correction, geometric precision correction, atmospheric correction, image registration, image fusion, band synthesis,
A series of processing such as image enhancement, stitching and cropping forms image data suitable for interpretation, and the specific basis for remote sensing data quality control
The relevant requirements of HJ 1176 are implemented, and the preprocessing method can be implemented with reference to the relevant requirements of DD.2013-12 and TD/T 1055.
6.2 Establish a classification system
The classification is established according to the requirements of interpretation integrity and the number of complex features depicted, the description depth and details of the state of the elements, etc.
This standard mainly adopts the national two-level classification system, which is divided into 8 grades I and 24 grades II. Please refer to the appendix for the specific index system.
A in Table A.1.
6.3 Establishing Interpretation Flags
Interpretation marks are image features that can directly or indirectly reflect and discriminate ground object information, mainly including shape, size, shadow, tone,
Direct signs such as color, texture, pattern, location, layout, etc. and indirect signs such as water system, landform, vegetation, etc., for interpretation of signs, please refer to GDPJ 06
The relevant requirements are implemented to form the interpretation target feature table, see Table B.1 in Appendix B for details.
6.4 Interpretation of human-computer interaction
6.4.1 Information Source Preparation
6.4.1.1 According to prior knowledge, select, analyze, compare, reason and judge the characteristics of various objects on the image, and then classify them according to
The system adjusts the feature categories.
6.4.1.2 Describe various relationships on the image, including.
a) point, line and surface relationship on the image;
b) The distribution relationship of the spectral curves of various types of ground objects in different coordinate systems;
c) The relationship between different geographical elements, such as the relationship between water systems, topography, and surface cover;
d) Changes and connections of various ground objects in time and space.
6.4.1.3 From a systematic geoscience point of view, explain and comprehensively analyze the attributes, categories and relationships on the image, and get regular knowledge and
and valuable conclusions.
6.4.2 Image Interpretation System
Related software and hardware systems for processing remote sensing images.
6.4.3 Interactive environment
Visualization environment using remote sensing and geographic information systems.
6.4.4 Interactive mode
An interpretation method combining bottom-up control and top-down control is adopted.
6.4.5 Interpretation of human-computer interaction
6.4.5.1 Combine the visual interpretation and processing process to improve the automatic classification system.
6.4.5.2 Integrate multi-source reference data, such as information between remote sensing information or between remote sensing and non-remote sensing information, to form a new set of spatial information.
information, a new composite image.
6.4.5.3 Use reference data and automatic classification system to perform automatic interpretation of remote sensing images, and finally perform visual interpretation and adjustment.
7 Field verification
7.1 Field verification steps
7.1.1 Determining the verification area
The verification area is determined according to basic geographical features such as verification objectives, regional climatic conditions, physical geography, and landforms.
7.1.2 Choosing a sampling method
The sampling method is selected according to the structure of the ecosystem, the characteristics of the landscape pattern, and the geographic complexity of the verification area. Serving Ecosystem Types
There are three main sampling methods for ground inspection.
a) Simple random sampling is to randomly select n samples from N points in the population, and each sample has an equal probability of being selected.
in areas with fewer populations;
b) Systematic sampling is to draw samples from the population according to a certain sampling interval, which is suitable for areas with a large number of populations (such as large
homogeneous area);
c) Stratified sampling is to divide the population into several types according to attribute characteristics, and then randomly select samples from each type.
An area composed of several parts with obvious differences (such as a complex terrain area or an interlaced zone, etc.).
7.1.3 Spatial Design of Sampling Points
According to the total sample space, spatial representativeness and historical survey data, plan the spatial distribution of sampling points to meet the total sample size
Design requirements, an average of not less than 1 verification point per 100 km2.
7.1.4 Determining the verification time and route
7.1.4.1 Determine the verification time according to the remote sensing images.
7.1.4.2 Determine the specific route of the ground inspection according to roads, water systems, population concentration, interpretation signs and mission requirements, etc.
Examination of GDPJ 11 related requirements.
7.1.5 Sampling check
According to the ground inspection results, combined with the sample point information, the accuracy of the ecosystem type of the sample point is verified, and the ecosystem type field is formed.
For the detailed checklist, see Table C.1 in Appendix C for details.
7.2 Field verification index system
The field verification indicators of ecosystem types are shown in Table 1.The field verification indicators of ecosystem types include. positioning information, natural geographical factors and
Ecosystem type.
7.3 Field Verification Technical Methods
7.3.1 Positioning Information
Use GPS and other positioning tools and other auxiliary information to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates of the sample points (using.2000 national geodetic coordinates) and elevation
and other information and record.
7.3.2 Physical Geographical Factors
The topography, landform, climate, vegetation, water source and other physical and geographical features of the sample sites were investigated and recorded by the observation method.
7.3.3 Ecosystem types
Based on tools and materials such as GPS, cameras, record books, interpretation signs, and related professional books, through simple random sampling, systematic sampling
The sample points and transect lines are arranged in a combination of sampling and stratified systematic sampling methods, and field visual judgment, unmanned aerial vehicles, and high-spatial-resolution images are used.
and other means, obtain the ecosystem type and fill in the detailed verification form of the ecosystem type in the field, see Table C.1 in Appendix C for details.
7.4 Accuracy Verification
Combined with high spatial resolution remote sensing images and field inspection site photos, the interpretation results of each sample point are compared, and the positive interpretation results of each type are compared.
The percentage of the correct sample points to the total number of sample points is used as the interpretation accuracy, and the Kappa coefficient is used for auxiliary verification. Statistical records for each ecosystem
The interpretation accuracy of the traditional type requires that the interpretation accuracy of the first-level type of the ecosystem reaches 95%, the second-level type reaches 85%, and the interpretation accuracy is not reached.
Re-interpret it to achieve the interpretation accuracy, and fill in the field accuracy verification form for ecosystem types. See Appendix C for details.
in Table C.2 and Table C.3.
8 Interpretation results of ecosystem types
After the human-computer interaction remote sensing interpretation, field verification and accuracy verification, etc., finally obtain the interpretation results of ecosystem types with qualified quality.
The data and ecosystem types should be consistent with Table A.1 in Appendix A, and the interpretation results provide data basis for ecosystem assessment.
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