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HJ 1149-2020 English PDF

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HJ 1149-2020: (Ambient air Determination of gamma radionuclide in aerosol filter membrane/gamma spectrometry)
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Standard ID	Contents [version]	USD	STEP2	[PDF] delivered in	Standard Title (Description)	Status	PDF
HJ 1149-2020	English	399	Add to Cart	4 days [Need to translate]	(Ambient air Determination of gamma radionuclide in aerosol filter membrane/gamma spectrometry)	Valid	HJ 1149-2020

Standard similar to HJ 1149-2020

HJ 1347.1 HJ 1347.2 HJ 1346.1

Basic data

Standard ID	HJ 1149-2020 (HJ1149-2020)
Description (Translated English)	(Ambient air Determination of gamma radionuclide in aerosol filter membrane/gamma spectrometry)
Sector / Industry	Environmental Protection Industry Standard
Word Count Estimation	19,125
Date of Issue	2020-12-10
Date of Implementation	2021-01-01
Regulation (derived from)	Ministry of Ecology and Environment Announcement No. 62 [2020]
Issuing agency(ies)	Ministry of Ecology and Environment

HJ 1149-2020: (Ambient air Determination of gamma radionuclide in aerosol filter membrane/gamma spectrometry)

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
(Ambient air Determination of gamma radionuclide in aerosol filter membrane/gamma spectrometry) attachment1 National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China Gamma radionuclide in ambient air aerosol Determination of filter membrane compression/gamma spectroscopy Ambient air-Determination of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in aerosol -filter compression/gamma spectrometry 2020-12-10 release 2021-1-1 implementation Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment i table of contents Foreword...ii 1 Scope of application...1 2 Normative references...1 3 Terms and definitions...1 4 Principle of the method...1 5 Reagents and materials...1 6 Instruments and equipment...2 7 Sample...2 8 Analysis steps...4 9 Result calculation...4 10 Results presentation...5 11 Precision and accuracy...6 12 Quality Assurance and Quality Control...7 13 Precautions...8 Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Lower Detection Limit...9 Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Self-calibration method of sampler flow...10 Appendix C (Normative appendix) Sampler flow comparison method...11 Appendix D (informative appendix) method precision and accuracy summary table...12 Appendix E (Informative Appendix) Record Form...14

Foreword

To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution" and protect the ecological environment, To protect human health, standardize the determination method of gamma radionuclide in ambient air aerosol, and formulate this standard. This standard specifies the routine monitoring of the radiation environment, the method of measuring gamma radionuclides in ambient air aerosols by the filter press/gamma spectroscopy method law. Appendix A to Appendix C of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix D and Appendix E are informative appendices. This standard is issued for the first time. This standard was formulated by the Department of Nuclear Facilities Safety Supervision and the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Drafting organization of this standard. Zhejiang Radiation Environment Monitoring Station (Radiation Environment Monitoring Technology Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment). Verification unit of this standard. Liaoning Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Jiangsu Province Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision and Management Center, Zhejiang Province Radiation Environment Monitoring Station, Shandong Province Radiation Environment Management Station, Guangdong Province Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center, Sichuan Province Radiation Environment Management Monitoring Center Station and China National Nuclear Corporation Environmental Testing Laboratory of Electric Operation Management Co., Ltd. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on December 10, 2020. This standard shall come into effect on January 1, 2021. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

1 Determination of gamma radionuclide in ambient air aerosol

Membrane compression/γ spectroscopy

1 Scope of application

This standard specifies the method for the determination of gamma radionuclides in ambient air aerosols by filter membrane compression/gamma spectroscopy. This standard is applicable to routine monitoring of radiation environment and determination of gamma radionuclide in ambient air aerosol. When the sampling volume is 10000 m3 (standard state) and the measurement time is 24 hours, the detection of each gamma radionuclide determined by this standard The lower limit is 5μBq/m3～100μBq/m3, and the detection limit is shown in Appendix A.

2 Normative references

The content of this standard refers to the following documents or their clauses. For undated reference documents, their valid versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T 11713 High-purity germanium γ-energy spectrum analysis general method GB/T 11743 Analytical method of radionuclides in soil by γ energy spectrum HJ 1009 Technical Specification for Operation of Automatic Radiation Ambient Air Monitoring Station

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Aerosol aerosol Liquid or solid particles are dispersed in the air to form a relatively stable suspension system. 3.2 standard state The temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 101.325 kPa. The activity concentration of radionuclide in this standard is under standard state The activity concentration.

4 Principle of the method

A quantitative volume of air is extracted through a large flow or super large flow sampler, so that aerosol particles in the air are trapped on the filter membrane. The composition and concentration of the gamma radionuclide were analyzed by a high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer after being compressed.

5 Reagents and materials

5.1 Filter membrane. When the membrane surface velocity is 0.6 m/s, the retention efficiency of 0.3μm standard particles is not less than 95%. Clean air flow rate at 0.6 m/s When the pressure drop is less than 1 kPa. The content of natural radionuclides is low and there is no artificial radioactive pollution. Easy to press, the surface is smooth after pressing, not easy Deformed. If further radiochemical analysis is required, it should have complete solubility. 5.2 Sample container. cylindrical container with diameter and height similar to the sample after pressing. Use natural radionuclides with low content and no artificial radiation Made of sexually contaminated materials, such as ABS resin or polyethylene. 5.3 Energy calibration source. performance and technical indicators comply with the provisions of GB/T 11713 on calibration sources. 25.4 Efficiency calibration source. Take the blank filter membrane as the matrix, smear it evenly with radioactive standard materials, and prepare it in the same way as the blank sample A cylindrical calibration source with the same diameter and height as the sample is put into the sample container and fixed and sealed. Performance and technical index execution According to the relevant regulations of GB/T 11713, it is recommended to give priority to the use of nuclides that emit single-energy gamma rays. 5.5 Test source. Long-life, high-, middle- and low-energy regions have at least one calibration source of characteristic gamma rays. The activity is similar to the efficiency calibration source. It can implement the regulations of GB/T 11713 about calibration source with technical indicators. 5.6 Filter membrane storage bag. polyethylene and other materials. 5.7 Anti-fouling products. bags or films made of polyethylene and other materials. 5.8 Disposable gloves. materials such as polyethylene.

6 Apparatus and equipment

6.1 Aerosol sampler. performance and technical indicators comply with HJ 1009 regulations on sampling equipment. 6.2 γ energy spectrometer. In addition to the performance and technical specifications of GB/T 11713, the relative detection efficiency of the detector should generally not be small Less than 30%. 6.3 Balance. a sense of 0.01g. 6.4 Drying equipment. dryer, drying oven, etc. 6.5 Tablet press. can provide not less than 10 tons of pressure. 6.6 Tablet press mould. stainless steel material. 6.7 Vernier caliper. 0 mm～150 mm, graduation value 0.1 mm. 6.8 Thermometer. used to calibrate the temperature measurement parts of the sampler, with a measurement range of -30℃～50℃, and an accuracy of ±0.5℃. 6.9 Barometer. used to calibrate the atmospheric pressure measuring part of the sampler, with a measuring range of 50 kPa～107 kPa, and an accuracy of ±0.1 kPa. 6.10 Flow Calibrator. used to calibrate the flow of the sampler, within the flow range of the sampler, the error is less than 2%.

7 samples

7.1 Preparation before sampling 7.1.1 Clean the workbench with alcohol cotton, the workbench size should be larger than the filter membrane size. Take a filter membrane and place it flat on the workbench with the dust-receiving surface up. The size of the filter membrane is slightly wider than the effective size of the sampling port of the sampler. Check whether the edge of the filter membrane is smooth, uniform in thickness, and free of burrs and contamination. Dye, no debris, no creases, no damage. 7.1.2 Mark the filter number on two diagonals on the dust-receiving surface of the filter. Put the filter membrane in the drying equipment to balance, take out the balanced filter membrane, and immediately Weigh with a balance (m1). The weighed filter membrane is placed flat in the filter membrane storage bag with the same number as the filter membrane, and should not be folded before sampling. 7.1.3 Use a clean dry cloth to wipe off the dust on the inside of the sampling head, the filter membrane clamp and the surface of the filter membrane support screen, check that the filter membrane support screen is not blocked, The membrane clamp is free from pollution and damage. 7.2 Sample collection 7.2.1 Place the dust-receiving surface of the filter membrane in the direction of air intake, and place it flat on the filter membrane support net. At the same time, check the number of the filter membrane and clamp the filter membrane firmly to ensure Not leaking. 7.2.2 Set the sampling parameters and start sampling according to the sampler instructions. Record the sampling start time, sampling flow, ambient temperature and loop Environmental atmospheric pressure and other parameters. The sampling volume is generally not less than 10000 m3 (standard state). 7.2.3 After sampling, take the filter membrane from the edge of the filter membrane. When taking the filter membrane, if it is found that the filter membrane is broken or the edge of dust on the dust-receiving surface of the filter membrane If the outline is fuzzy or incomplete, the sample is invalid and should be re-sampled. Fold the dust-receiving surface of the filter membrane in half along the long side evenly, put it in and number the filter membrane The same filter membrane is stored in a bag. Record the cumulative sampling time, sampling flow, sampling volume, ambient temperature, ambient atmospheric pressure, weather conditions and For information such as air quality status, see Appendix E for the sampling record sheet. 37.3 Sample transportation After the sample collection is completed, it should be sent to the laboratory for sample preparation as soon as possible. During the transportation of samples, violent vibration should be avoided as much as possible. 7.4 Sample preparation 7.4.1 Put the filter membrane into the drying equipment to carry out the decay of radon progeny, and determine the decay time according to the activity of radon progeny, generally 3 to 5 days; If measuring 41Ar, 88Kr and other nuclides with extremely short half-lives, radon daughter decay is not required. 7.4.2 Take out the filter membrane and immediately weigh it with a balance (m2). 7.4.3 Clean the mold and worktable of the tablet press with alcohol cotton. Open the filter membrane and fold it on the workbench with the dust side facing up (if the filter membrane is attached) If there is a support layer, the support layer should be removed first). It is necessary to prepare multiple filter membranes into one sample, and the filter membrane can be used (if the filter membrane is attached with a support layer, it should be (Remove the support layer first) stack neatly and then fold. It is recommended to fold according to the method shown in Figure 1 first. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of filter folding 7.4.4 Insert the folded filter membrane into the bottom of the tablet press mold, place the tablet press mold on the center of the tablet press, and apply a pressure of not less than 10 tons Compact the filter membrane and keep it for more than 2 minutes. 7.4.5 Measure the height (h) with a vernier caliper, and weigh (m3) with a balance. 7.4.6 Prevent dust accumulation on the filter membrane from being scattered when folding and pressing. The surface of the sample after pressing is flat, the dust is evenly distributed, and it is not easy to deform. The diameter The same as the efficiency calibration source, the height should be as close as possible to the efficiency calibration source. If necessary, it can be stacked with the blank filter membrane in order and then folded and pressed. method. 7.4.7 Mark the filter membrane number on the surface of the sample after pressing, put it into the sample container and fix it, mark the sample label after sealing, and store it in a clean, room temperature Save under the environment. 7.5 Blank sample preparation Take a blank filter membrane of the same size as the sampling filter membrane and prepare it according to the same operation steps as the sample preparation (7.4.3, 7.4.4 and 7.4.7) Prepare blank samples. 48 Analysis steps 8.1 γ spectrometer calibration 8.1.1 The energy scale shall comply with the relevant regulations of GB/T 11713.During the scale, record the energy of 477.6 keV and 1460.8 keV. For energy range, select 3 to 5 energies of gamma rays, and select at least 5 energy gamma rays for the high energy range of gamma ray energy E >Ee. Tick time The center axis of the degree source coincides with the center axis of the detector. If necessary, a positioning frame can be used. After the measurement, check whether the relative position of the calibration source and the detector is Offset. 8.1.3 The efficiency scale measurement time meets the statistical error of the net count of the characteristic γ-ray total absorption peak is less than 0.25%. 8.2 Sample determination 8.2.1 Clean the prepared sample (7.4) with alcohol cotton before measurement and check the sample label. 8.2.2 The relative positions of the sample and the efficiency calibration source and the detector during measurement should be strictly consistent, and a positioning frame can be used when necessary. 8.2.3 The measurement time is generally 24 hours or the statistical error of the net count of the γ-ray total absorption peak that meets the characteristics of the nuclides to be measured is less than 5%. 8.2.4 At the end of the measurement, check whether the relative position between the sample and the detector is offset. Check the 7Be 477.6 keV and 40K 1460.8 keV in the γ spectrum The peak position of the γ-ray total absorption peak changes. If the peak position changes more than one track, the energy calibration should be redone. See Appendix E for the measurement record table. 8.3 Determination of blank samples Perform the determination of the blank sample (7.5) according to the same operation steps as the sample determination (8.2). The measurement time is the same as the sample measurement time. with.

9 Result calculation

9.1 Calculation The activity concentration of the tested nuclide in the sample is calculated according to formula (1). 9.2 Decay correction Assuming that the concentration of the nuclides to be measured is constant during the sampling period, the decay correction factor Calculate according to formula (2). 59.4 Correction of sample height and density difference Under general sampling conditions, the sample and the efficiency scale source have the same diameter and similar heights, so the height and density difference correction is not required, but if The height and density of the sample and the efficiency calibration source are quite different, and the difference between the height and density of the total absorption peak efficiency of the characteristic γ-ray of the nuclides to be measured in the sample Different correction, according to the sample diameter, height (h) and mass (m1, m2, m3) and other parameters, it is recommended to use Monte Carlo simulation calculation method to repair positive. 10 Results presentation 10.1 Expression of results greater than the lower detection limit When the measurement result is greater than the lower limit of detection, it is expressed as the activity concentration of the nuclide, the corresponding expanded uncertainty and the inclusion factor. The expansion of this standard The uncertainty is the uncertainty when the inclusion probability is 95%, that is, the inclusion factor is 2. 6 The measurement result generally retains 2 to 3 significant figures. 10.2 Representation of results less than the lower detection limit 10.3 Evaluation of uncertainty 10.3.1 Uncertainty The synthetic standard uncertainty of the measurement result is calculated according to formula (6). 10.3.2 Expanded uncertainty The expanded uncertainty of the measurement result is calculated according to formula (7). 11 Precision and accuracy Seven laboratories measured 3 uniform gamma radionuclide standard samples with different activities. For summary data of precision and accuracy, see Appendix D. 12 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 12.1 Quality assurance and quality control of the sampling process 12.1.1 The sampler should be calibrated by a qualified measuring institution, or self-calibrated and compared, at least once a year, the flow of the sampler should be self-calibrated See Appendix B for the method, and Appendix C for the flow comparison method of the sampler. 12.1.2 Keep the flow rate stable during the sampling period, the hourly average flow rate should be controlled at 90%～110% of the set flow rate, and the average flow rate throughout the sampling process It should be controlled at 95%～105% of the set flow. If the sampler has no flow setting function, the average flow of the first hour after the sampling flow is stable The amount is regarded as the set flow. 12.1.3 It is recommended to preferentially use a sampler with constant current and with the function of sampling volume under standard conditions. 12.1.4 Check whether the sampler is leaking every time. When the filter membrane is installed correctly and the sampler is not leaking, the dust on the filter surface after sampling The outline of the dust edge should be clear. If the edge contour of the dust is fuzzy and incomplete, it indicates that there is air leakage. Check whether the filter membrane is installed correctly. Or replace the filter membrane gasket and filter membrane clamp. 12.1.5 During the sampling period, all factors related to the representativeness and validity of the sample, such as sampler failure, sandstorms and other abnormal meteorological conditions, heavy The air quality status and abnormal construction activities should be recorded in detail. 12.2 Performance inspection of γ spectrometer 12.2.1 Measure the background of the γ spectrometer at least once a month, the measurement time is generally not less than 24 hours, calculate the background count of the full spectrum, and draw the background Count the quality control chart, if there is an abnormality, find the cause. 12.2.2 Measure the inspection source immediately after the efficiency calibration, and then measure the inspection source at least once a month. The relative deviation of the efficiency is calculated according to formula (8), The relative deviation of the characteristic gamma rays in the high, middle and low energy regions should not be greater than 6%, otherwise the efficiency scale should be redone. Check the 60Co 1332.5 keV in the γ spectrum Energy resolution (half-maximum width FWHM). If there is an abnormality, find the cause. 12.2.3 At least one Poisson distribution test shall be carried out with the test source every year. If there is an abnormality, the cause shall be found. 12.3 Blank sample analysis At least one blank sample is prepared and measured every six months. In addition, before the newly purchased or repaired gamma spectrometer is put into use, each batch of filter membranes, At least one blank sample should be prepared and tested for each batch of sample containers. 12.4 Repeat measurement of samples Every 10 samples or every batch (less than 10 samples/batch) repeat the determination of 1 sample, the sample repeated determination time interval is not more than 10 The relative average deviation of the 7Be activity concentration in the sample is calculated according to formula (9), and the relative average deviation should meet the requirements of Table 1. 813 Note 13.1 When analyzing the γ energy spectrum of the sample, according to the characteristics of the nuclides to be tested, in principle, try to choose the one with the highest emission probability and the least interference by other factors One or more γ-ray all-power peaks are used as characteristic peaks. When it is difficult to select characteristic peaks with short half-life nuclides, different times can be used if necessary Method of multiple measurements. Elimination of γ-ray energy close interference, curve base and slope base interference, cascade addition and interference, etc., full spectrum The limit of counting rate implements the relevant regulations of GB/T 11743. 13.2 Short half-life nuclides such as 131I are measured immediately after the radon daughter decays; the nuclides that need to be measured after the mother and daughter nuclides reach equilibrium, are The sample can be measured after the half-life of 7 daughter nuclides is reached. If necessary, use multiple measurements at different times. 13.3 To prevent cross-contamination, the top of the gamma spectrometer detector and the sample container can be wrapped with antifouling products to prevent air ingress and conduction during wrapping. Wrinkles appear on the antifouling products on the top of the detector or the bottom of the sample container. Preparation before sampling and during sample collection, preparation and determination, wear Disposable gloves. 13.4 The increase in resistance due to air pollution and other reasons affects sampling, the filter membrane should be replaced in time. When the air quality is good, it can be extended appropriately Long sampling time.

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