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HJ 1091-2020: Technical guideline on pollution preventionand control for solid waste recycling
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Basic data

Standard ID HJ 1091-2020 (HJ1091-2020)
Description (Translated English) Technical guideline on pollution preventionand control for solid waste recycling
Sector / Industry Environmental Protection Industry Standard
Word Count Estimation 15,145
Date of Issue 2020
Date of Implementation 2020-01-13
Issuing agency(ies) Ministry of Ecology and Environment

HJ 1091-2020: Technical guideline on pollution preventionand control for solid waste recycling

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Technical guideline on pollution preventionand control for solid waste recycling National Environmental Protection Standards of the People's Republic of China Technical guidelines for pollution prevention and control of solid waste recycling 2020-01-14 release 2020-01-14 Implementation Issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

Table of contents

Foreword...II 1 Scope of application...1 2 Normative references...1 3 Terms and definitions...2 4 General requirements...2 5 Technical requirements for pollution prevention and control of main process units...3 6 Technical requirements for pollution prevention and control of solid waste building materials utilization...10 7 Technical requirements for land use pollution prevention and control of solid waste...10 8 Monitoring...11

Foreword

To implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes", etc. Laws and regulations, prevent and control environmental pollution, improve the quality of the ecological environment, and regulate the construction and operation of solid waste recycling projects, Develop this standard. This standard specifies the general technical requirements for pollution prevention and control in the process of solid waste recycling. This standard is a guiding standard. This standard is issued for the first time. This standard was formulated by the Department of Science, Technology and Finance, and the Department of Regulations and Standards of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The main drafting organizations of this standard. Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tsinghua University, Sichuan University. This standard was approved by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on January 13, 2020. This standard will be implemented on January 14, 2020. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Technical guidelines for pollution prevention and control of solid waste recycling

1 Scope of application

This standard specifies the overall requirements for the site selection, construction and operation of solid waste recycling projects. Technical requirements and monitoring requirements for pollution prevention and control This standard applies to existing, new, rebuilt, and expanded solid waste recycling projects, which can be used as solid waste recycling Use the technical basis of construction project environmental impact assessment, design, construction, acceptance, and operation and management after completion. This standard is a general technical requirement for pollution prevention and control in the process of solid waste recycling; if there are specific standards for solid waste recycling, the specific standards shall be implemented.

2 Normative references

The content of this standard refers to the terms in the following documents. For undated reference documents, their valid versions are applicable to this standard. GB 8172 Urban Waste Agricultural Control Standard GB 8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 12348 Environmental Noise Emission Standard at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises GB 14554 Emission Standard of Odor Pollutants GB/T 14848 Groundwater Quality Standard GB 15603 General rules for the storage of commonly used dangerous chemicals GB 15618 Soil Environmental Quality Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard (for Trial Implementation) GB 16297 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants GB/T 17420 Foliar fertilizer with trace elements GB 18484 pollution control standard for hazardous waste incineration GB 18597 Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Storage GB/T 23486 Urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal landscaping mud GB/T 24600 Urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal land improvement mud GB 30485 Cement Kiln Co-processing Solid Waste Pollution Control Standard GB 30760 Technical Specification for Cement Kiln Co-processing of Solid Waste GB 34330 General Rules for the Identification Standard of Solid Waste GB 36600 Soil Environmental Quality Construction Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard (Trial) GB 38400 Limit standard for toxic and hazardous substances in fertilizers GBZ 2.1 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 1.Chemical Hazardous Factors GBZ 2.2 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 2.Physical Factors CJ/T 309 Urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal agricultural mud CJ/T 362 Urban sewage treatment plant sludge disposal woodland mud HJ 662 Cement Kiln Co-processing Solid Waste Environmental Protection Technical Specification HJ 2042 Technical Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Disposal Engineering

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 solid waste In production, life and other activities, the original use value is lost or the use value is not lost but is abandoned or The solid, semi-solid, and gaseous articles and substances placed in the container and the laws and administrative regulations Articles and substances for waste management. 3.2 solid waste recycling Use solid waste directly as raw material or fuel, or use separation, purification and other processes for material resources The process of chemical utilization is divided into the recycling of materials used as raw materials or substitute materials and the recycling of energy used as alternative fuels. 3.3 Utilization of solid waste as building materials Use solid waste to directly replace traditional building materials production raw materials, or convert them into building materials production raw materials for production The process of building materials. The main forms of utilization of solid waste building materials include the use of solid waste to produce cement, bricks and tiles, lightweight aggregates, and concrete. Concrete, glass, ceramics, ceramsite, roadbed materials, etc. 3.4 application of solid waste to land use Utilize part of the nutrient content of solid waste to directly use or indirectly transform solid waste for soil improvement The process of chemical or fertilizer. The land use of solid waste usually requires necessary pretreatment and processing such as biological treatment and thermal drying. Land use of solid waste does not include backfilling of solid waste mines. 3.5 process unit Any major unit in the solid waste recycling process, including the physical The entire production process including chemical reaction, mechanical processing, storage, packaging and pollution prevention.

4 General requirements

4.1 The recycling of solid waste should follow the principle of environmental safety first, and ensure the environmental safety and human health of the whole process of solid waste recycling. 4.2 When selecting a solid waste recycling technology, it should be based on the results of the solid waste recycling technology life cycle assessment. On this basis, combined with relevant regulations and industry policy requirements. 4.4 The design, construction, acceptance and operation of solid waste recycling construction projects shall comply with the current national laws and regulations. At the same time, a sound environmental management system shall be established, including environmental impact assessment, environmental management plan, environmental protection responsibility, Pollution permits, monitoring, information disclosure, environmental emergency plans and environmental protection file management systems. 4.5 The environmental pollution factors in each technical link of solid waste recycling shall be identified, and effective pollution control measures shall be adopted. Equipped with pollutant monitoring equipment and facilities to avoid unorganized discharge of pollutants, prevent secondary pollution, and properly dispose of the generated waste. 4.6 The discharge of various pollutants generated during the recycling process of solid waste should meet the national and local pollutant discharge (control) Standards and pollution permit requirements. 4.7 If the solid waste recycling product is used as a product, it shall comply with the requirements of the national, local or industry regulations in GB 34330 The prevailing product quality standards, and relevant national pollution control standards or technical specifications, including the emissions during the production process of the product The content standard of characteristic pollutants put into the environment and the content standard of characteristic pollutants in the product. When there is no national pollution control standard or technical specification, the characteristic pollutants in the recycled solid waste should be used as evaluation Price object, comprehensively considering its migration and transformation behavior in the process of solid waste recycling and the use of recycling products, Carry out qualitative assessment of environmental risks, and identify harmful components in the product based on the assessment results. Carry out a quantitative assessment of the environmental risk of the product based on the qualitative assessment result The main steps of quantitative environmental risk assessment should include. Determine environmental protection goals, establish evaluation scenarios, build pollutant release models, and build pollutant migration in environmental media Conversion model, impact assessment, etc. When the use of the product cannot be clarified, an environmental risk assessment should be carried out based on the most unfavorable exposure conditions.

5 Technical requirements for pollution prevention and control of main process units

5.1 General provisions 5.1.1 Before carrying out recycling operations, the physical and chemical properties of solid waste should be clarified, and corresponding safety protection measures should be taken to Prevent the release of toxic and hazardous substances caused by solid waste during cleaning, crushing, neutralization and other processes. 5.1.2 The solid waste with physical and chemical hazardous characteristics should be stabilized first. 5.1.3 The necessary anti-spreading, anti-leakage and anti-corrosion facilities should be set up according to the characteristics of solid waste, and equipped with waste gas treatment and waste Water treatment, noise control and other pollution prevention facilities shall conduct online monitoring of major environmental impact indicators as required. 5.1.4 Dust removal and toxic and harmful gas collection measures should be taken in the operation area that produces dust and toxic and harmful gases. Dust point should be set Dust hood, dust collection equipment, and toxic and harmful gas escape areas should be equipped with adsorption (absorption) conversion devices to ensure that dust, The concentration of harmful gases meets the requirements of GBZ 2.1. 5.1.5 Air pollution control measures shall be adopted, and the emission of air pollutants shall meet the requirements of emission (control) standards for specific industries. If there is no pollution discharge (control) standard for a specific industry, the requirements of GB 16297 shall be met, and the discharge of characteristic pollutants (control) Should meet the requirements of environmental impact assessment. 5.1.6 Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent the spread of malodorous substances, and the concentration of perimeter malodorous pollutants shall meet the requirements of GB 14554. 5.1.7 The generated condensate, concentrated liquid, leachate and other waste liquids should be effectively collected and then centrally treated. Waste generated after treatment Priority should be given to water recycling; discharge should meet the requirements of specific industry discharge (control) standards; no specific industry pollution In case of pollution discharge (control) standards, the requirements of GB 8978 shall be met, and the discharge (control) of characteristic pollutants shall meet the requirements of environmental impact assessment. 5.1.8 Noise pollution should be prevented. When the equipment is running, the noise at the boundary of the plant should meet the requirements of GB 12348, and the noise in the workshop should meet the GBZ 2.2 requirements. 5.1.9 The generated sludge, bottom residue, waste oil and other solid wastes should be disposed of according to their management attributes. Can't make comprehensive use Or dispose of, it should be handed over to enterprises with corresponding qualifications and processing capabilities for comprehensive utilization or disposal. 5.1.10 The storage, packaging and disposal of hazardous wastes should meet the requirements of GB 18597, HJ 2042 and other special standards for hazardous wastes. 5.2 Cleaning technical requirements 5.2.1 Cleaning is a process in which water, other solvents or gases are used to remove impurities from the object to be cleaned to achieve the purpose of separation and purification. 5.2.2 Solid wastes that are flammable or produce flammable gas or easily release volatile toxic substances in water or other solvents should not be cleaned. 5.2.3 The solid waste can be cleaned in multiple stages according to the purpose of washing, and the cleaning process can be downstream cleaning or countercurrent cleaning. 5.3 Drying technical requirements 5.3.1 Drying is to use hot air, flue gas, infrared, water vapor, heat transfer oil and other heat sources to heat and dry solid waste to remove The water and other solvents contained therein can be used to reduce the volume and volume, and facilitate the process of processing, disposal and reuse. 5.3.2 The solid waste drying technology includes spray drying, fluidized bed drying, airflow drying, rotary drum drying, chamber drying and other technologies. 5.3.3 The drying technology should be reasonably selected according to the physical, chemical and other properties of the solid waste, combined with the applicability of the drying technology. Spray drying technology should be selected for drying of solution, suspension or slurry waste; for the drying of loose granular waste without agglomeration Fluidized bed drying technology should be selected for drying; airflow drying technology should be selected for drying powder and granular waste; drying of granular or small lumps Rotary drum drying technology should be selected for drying; chamber drying technology should be selected for drying a small amount of heat-sensitive and easily oxidized waste. 5.3.4 The physical and chemical characteristics of solid waste should be clarified before drying to determine the type of drying medium, drying method and drying equipment. Specifically. (1) Physical properties. Such as main composition, water content, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, etc.; liquid waste should also be clearly defined in concentration and viscosity. Degree and surface tension; (2) Chemical properties. Such as heat sensitivity, toxicity, flammability, oxidation, pH, triboelectricity, water absorption, etc.; (3) Other properties. Such as the adhesiveness and thixotropy of paste-like waste. 5.3.5 In any of the following situations, closed-circuit drying equipment and waste gas treatment facilities should be selected to avoid gas and particles The escaping of like substances causes air pollution. including but not limited to. (1) The solid waste contains volatile organic substances; (2) The solid waste contains toxic and harmful solid powder and granular substances; (4) The dust generated during the drying process of solid waste may form an explosive mixture in the air; (5) The solid waste is prone to oxidation reaction in contact with oxygen during the drying process. 5.3.6 The fans and various pumps equipped in the spray drying system shall take effective vibration reduction measures. 5.3.7 The drying equipment should be shut down regularly as required to drain and clean up the residue in the equipment. 5.3.8 When the solid waste drying process unit independently discharges pollutants, it should be equipped with waste gas collection and treatment facilities to prevent dust, The escape of foul smell and toxic and harmful gases may cause secondary pollution. 5.4 Technical requirements for crushing 5.4.1 Fragmentation is to destroy the cohesive force and intermolecular force inside the solid waste through the action of mechanical and other external forces, so that the solid The process of breaking up and breaking up waste. The process of breaking small pieces of solid waste particles into fine powder by grinding or other means is called grinding. 5.4.2 Solid waste crushing technologies include hammer crushing, impact crushing, shear crushing, jaw crushing, cone crushing, roller crushing Type crushing, ball mill crushing, etc. 5.4.3 Solid wastes that are flammable and explosive or easily release volatile toxic substances should not be directly crushed. To prevent deflagration, Before the solid waste containing liquid (such as waste lead-acid batteries, waste solvent barrels, etc.) is crushed, effective measures should be taken The liquid is emptied and then crushed. Solid wastes containing incompatible ingredients should not be mixed and crushed. 5.4.4 The crushing of solid wastes such as waste plastics and waste rubber should be dry crushing; the crushing of solid wastes such as chromium residue and boron mud should be Use wet crushing. 5.4.5 The solid waste should be pretreated before crushing treatment to ensure the uniformity of the feed and prevent the mixing of non-broken materials. Cause overload damage to the crushing machinery. 5.4.6 During the solid waste grinding process, the particle size, volatility and ignition source of dust should be strictly controlled to prevent dust explosion. 5.5 Technical requirements for sorting 5.5.1 Sorting is the use of manual or mechanical methods to remove various renewable components in solid waste or that are not conducive to subsequent processing. The process of classification and separation of impurities. 5.5.2 Solid waste separation technology includes manual separation, hydraulic separation, wind separation, gravity separation, magnetic separation, buoyancy Sorting, power sorting, eddy current sorting, optical sorting, etc. 5.5.3 The separation technology and equipment of solid waste should be selected according to the physical and chemical characteristics of solid waste and the requirements for subsequent treatment. Choice and combination. Manual sorting is suitable for mixed wastes such as domestic garbage; hydraulic sorting is suitable for sorting hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid wastes; Gravity separation is suitable for the separation of solid wastes with large differences in density; magnetic separation is suitable for the separation of magnetic and non-magnetic waste; Electric sorting is suitable for the sorting of conductor, semiconductor and non-conductor solid waste; eddy current sorting is suitable for solid waste crushing and cutting The sorting of various non-ferrous metals recovered in the film; optical sorting is suitable for the sorting of solid wastes with large differences in optical properties. The separation of light solid waste can adopt wind separation and electric separation; the separation of ferrous metal-containing solid waste can adopt magnetic separation. Force sorting or electric sorting; the sorting of solid wastes containing ferrous metals can adopt eddy current sorting or hydraulic sorting. 5.5.4 The solid waste should be pre-treated before sorting, to remove toxic and harmful components or substances, and crush large pieces of solid waste. Screening to improve the separation characteristics of waste. 5.5.5 When sorting domestic garbage, the efficiency of hydraulic separation, magnetic separation and eddy current separation equipment should be greater than 90%. The efficiency of other sorting equipment should not be less than 70%. When using hydraulic separation technology, a closed circulation system should be used to improve water resources Source regeneration rate. 5.5.6 The sorting equipment should have anti-sticking, anti-winding, self-cleaning, wear and corrosion resistance properties. 5.5.7 The solid waste separation equipment should be equipped with a cover/cover to ensure that the separation system is closed. 5.6 Technical requirements for neutralization 5.6.1 Neutralization is a reaction process in which the pH value of the solution is adjusted to neutral by adding agents. 5.6.2 The neutralization process is suitable for pH adjustment of liquid, semi-solid wastes such as liquid, mud, sludge, etc. Priority should be given to Neutralize acidic (alkaline) waste with waste alkali (acid) liquid and alkaline (acidic) waste residue. 5.6.3 When dissolving acidic waste in water, slowly add acidic waste to the water. Do not pour water directly into acidic waste. Avoid generating large amounts of heat. 5.6.4 The neutralization process equipment and pipelines should be made of pressure-resistant, anti-corrosion, and high-temperature resistant materials, and be equipped with a level gauge and a pH meter. Online monitoring of liquid level and pH value. 5.6.5 The storage of corrosive waste to be processed shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 15603 and GB 18597. 5.7 Technical requirements for flocculation and sedimentation 5.7.1 Flocculation is the process of flocculating small, non-sedimenting particles suspended in a liquid medium into larger, easy-sinking particles. Precipitation is the process of converting one or several components in the original liquid into a solid phase substance through a chemical reaction. The flocculation and precipitation process It is often done in the same device. 5.7.2 The types of solid waste flocculation precipitation include hydroxide precipitation, sulfide precipitation, silicate precipitation, carbonate precipitation, Inorganic or organic complex precipitation, etc. 5.7.3 Before solid waste flocculation and sedimentation, necessary pretreatment should be carried out to ensure the uniformity of solid waste and improve flocculation. The extraction efficiency of the precipitation process. 5.7.4 Anti-corrosion materials or anti-corrosion treatment should be used for flocculation equipment, connecting pipelines, dosing machines and mixers. 5.7.5 The pH value should be strictly controlled during the flocculation sedimentation process. If possible, the pH value automatic controller should be set up, and it should be connected with the dosing metering pump Coupling to ensure the best flocculation sedimentation effect. 5.7.6 The flocculation and sedimentation tank for solid wastes containing volatile or semi-volatile components should be closed and kept away from fire to avoid toxicity Dangers such as material release, explosion and fire. 5.8 Technical requirements for oxidation/reduction 5.8.1 Oxidation/reduction is to change the valence state of toxic and harmful components in solid waste through oxidation or reduction reaction, and transform It is a process of non-toxic or low-toxicity and chemically stable substances. Redox is often used as heavy metal waste, metal sulfide The pretreatment technology before the recycling of solid wastes such as toxic and hazardous inorganic substances such as metal cyanide. 5.8.2 The oxidation/reduction technologies of solid waste include wet oxidation/reduction and fire oxidation/reduction. Wet oxidation/reduction is suitable for the treatment of liquid or semi-solid wastes such as waste liquid, sludge and mud, as well as acid treatment Solid waste such as waste circuit boards. Fire oxidation/reduction is suitable for the treatment of solid waste. 5.8.3 Before oxidation/reduction of solid waste, necessary pretreatment should be carried out to ensure the uniformity of solid waste particle size and improve The conversion efficiency of solid waste in the oxidation/reduction process. 5.8.4 Commonly used oxidants include chlorine and hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and ozone. Use and storage of oxidants Should meet the following requirements. (1) When using chlorine and hypochlorite as oxidants to treat waste, the pH value should be strictly controlled to ensure the oxidation effect. Should adopt Take measures to prevent potential hazards in the process of chlorine storage and handling; (2) Hydrogen peroxide is suitable for processing containing cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, hydroquinone, mercaptans, phenol and sulfite Waste materials such as acid salts. The hydrogen peroxide should be stored in a special ...

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