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GY/T 210-2005: Technical specifications for open monitoring of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality
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Technical specifications for open monitoring of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality
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GY/T 210-2005
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Basic data | Standard ID | GY/T 210-2005 (GY/T210-2005) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical specifications for open monitoring of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality | | Sector / Industry | Radio, Film & TV Industry Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | M60 | | Classification of International Standard | 33.160 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,161 | | Date of Issue | 2005-09-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2005-11-01 | | Summary | This standard specifies the medium and short wave AM broadcast quality open-circuit monitoring of the projects, targets and methods. This standard applies to medium and short wave AM radio broadcast quality open fixed or mobile monitoring. | GY/T 210-2005: Technical specifications for open monitoring of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Technical specifications for open monitoring of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality
GY
Central Republic Radio, Film and Television
Technical Regulations for Open Circuit Monitoring of Medium and Short Wave AM Broadcast Quality
Technical specifications for open monitoring
of MW and SW AM broadcasting quality
Shi 2.2005-11-01 Real 005-09-30
China National Radio, Film and Television Administration issued standard cloth
Contents
Foreword ... II
1 Scope ... 1
2 Normative references ... 1
3 Terms and definitions ... 1
4 Acronyms ... 3
5 Medium and short-wave broadcasting band range ... 3
6 Broadcast Quality Open Circuit Monitoring Project ... 3
7 Technical indicators for open quality monitoring of broadcast quality ... 3
8 Open Quality Monitoring Method of Broadcasting ... 4
Appendix A (informative) Medium and short-wave broadcasting band range ... 13
Foreword
In order to standardize the open-circuit monitoring of medium and short wave AM broadcasting quality, and to promote the improvement and effective coverage of medium and short wave AM broadcasting quality,
This standard is specially formulated.
Open-circuit monitoring of medium and short wave AM broadcast quality refers to the use of dedicated reception in a specific frequency broadcast service area or a specific reception location.
The device receives airwave signals, performs objective measurement and subjective evaluation of a certain broadcast frequency in real time, and accurately reflects the signal quality,
Radio characteristics and transmitter operating conditions. There are three main types of broadcast quality monitoring projects.
1.Monitoring the quality of broadcast sound
Monitoring of broadcast sound quality includes monitoring of noise, distortion, and amplitude-frequency characteristics. For distortion, amplitude frequency characteristics,
Monitoring of technical indicators such as noise, crosstalk, and alternating sound. This standard mainly refers to GY/T 179-2001 "Operation and Maintenance Regulations for Radio and Television Transmitters."
Appendix F of Cheng "carries out subjective evaluation.
2. Monitoring of broadcast transmission characteristics
The monitoring of broadcast transmission characteristics includes the monitoring of frequency deviation, amplitude modulation, carrier level, and technical specifications of transmission bandwidth.
Refer to GB/T 12572-1990 "Transmitter Frequency Tolerance" and GB/T 12046-1989 "Identification of Radio Transmission and Determination of Necessary Bandwidth"
To monitor.
3.Monitoring of the operating status of broadcast transmitters
The monitoring of the operating status of broadcast transmitters includes monitoring of technical indicators such as out-of-broadcasting (including miscasting, aerial broadcasting, less broadcasting, late broadcasting, and multicasting) and poor broadcasting
For testing, this standard mainly refers to Appendix A of GY/T 179-2001 "Operation and Maintenance Regulations for Radio and Television Transmission Stations" for monitoring.
Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Radio and Television Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard was drafted. Radio and Television Monitoring Center of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television.
The main drafters of this standard. Chen Deze, Wang Wenxue, Xiao Wu, Ding Wenping, and Cui Chaoyang.
Technical Regulations for Open Circuit Monitoring of Medium and Short Wave AM Broadcast Quality
1 Scope
This standard specifies the items, indicators, and methods for open-circuit monitoring of medium and short-wave AM broadcast quality.
This standard applies to fixed or mobile open-circuit monitoring of medium and short-wave AM broadcast quality.
2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents have become the clauses of this standard after being referenced. For dated references, all subsequent
Neither amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are applicable to this standard, however, parties who have reached an agreement under this standard are encouraged to study
Is the latest version of these files available? For undated references, the latest version applies to this standard.
GB/T 12046-1989 Identification of radio transmission and determination of necessary bandwidth
GB/T 12572-1990 Transmitter frequency tolerance
GB/T 13622-1992 Radio Management Terminology
GY/T 82-1989 Medium and short wave broadcast field strength measurement method
GY/T 176-2001 Technical Regulations for Monitoring the Effects of Medium and Short-wave Broadcasting
GY/T 179-2001 Radio and television transmitting station operation and maintenance regulations
3 terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Monitoring
Through objective measurement and subjective evaluation, it reflects the broadcasting effect and spectrum status truthfully.
3.2
Open monitoring
Receiving air-borne radio from a radio station in a specific broadcast station service area or at a specific reception location
Radio wave signals are monitored in real time and dynamically.
3.3
Radio quality open monitoring
In a specific broadcasting station service area or a specific receiving place, for a broadcast radio station to transmit frequency signal related parameters,
Monitoring of transmission characteristics and transmitter operating conditions.
3.4
Frequency tolerance
The maximum allowable deviation of the center frequency of the frequency band occupied by the transmitter from the assigned frequency, or the characteristic frequency of the transmission from the reference frequency.
The tolerance is expressed in Hertz (Hz).
3.5
Assigned frequency
The center frequency assigned to the transmission band of a broadcaster transmitter.
3.6 frequency deflection
The center frequency of the band occupied by the transmitter deviates from the assigned frequency, or the characteristic frequency of the transmission deviates from the reference frequency, expressed in hertz (Hz)
Show.
3.7
Amplitude modulation ratio
Modulated carrier wave with a single frequency audio signal, the difference between the maximum or minimum instantaneous amplitude and the carrier amplitude during amplitude modulation
The value, expressed as a percentage, to the carrier amplitude during AM.
3.8
Transmitted bandwidth
The frequency band occupied by the medium and short wave AM broadcast transmission signals in the broadcast band.
3.9
Carrier level
In the absence of modulation, the arithmetic mean value of the power supplied by the transmitter to the antenna during a radio frequency period, compared to the standard power reference value.
3.10
Stop dead radio
No carrier is transmitted due to various factors within the specified time of the broadcast operation chart; although there is a carrier but no modulation; the broadcast program is late or less
Broadcast, program misplay or its effect is equivalent to program interruption. Including wrong broadcast, air broadcast, late broadcast, less broadcast.
3.10.1
Nomodulated radio
During the specified broadcast time, due to the failure of broadcasting technology equipment or improper human operation, no modulation signal appears, but the carrier wave is normal.
Anomalies, also known as carrier without modulation.
3.10.2
Wrong radio
During the transmission and broadcast of the broadcast program, the broadcast program was not broadcasted in accordance with the regulations of the broadcast station.
3.10.3
Delayed radio
Due to the failure of the broadcasting technology equipment or improper human operation, the broadcasting program was broadcast later than the time specified in the broadcasting operation chart.
3.10.4
Not enough of radio
Due to the failure of the broadcasting technology equipment or improper human operation, the broadcasting program was stopped in advance within the time specified in the broadcast operation chart.
Out.
3.11
Bad broadcasting accident
Any failure of the broadcasting technology equipment or improper human operation and use causes the listening quality to decline, but it has not reached the limit of stopping broadcasting.
3.12
Multicastexcessive radio
It means that the actual broadcast time of the transmitter exceeds the program time specified in the operation chart.
3.13
Amplitude-frequency characteristic
When the transmitter is modulated with an audio signal of constant amplitude, its modulation amplitude varies with different frequencies.
3.14
Harmonic distortion
The transmitter's single-tone AM envelope signal is distorted.
3.15
Cross-talk
In the normal broadcast program, due to equipment reasons or human operation improper use, other signals are inserted.
3.16
Broadcasting operation situation
Radio program production, broadcasting, transmission and transmission The entire system is implemented in accordance with the specified radio program operation map and related technical standards
result.
3.17
Overall rating
Comprehensively consider factors such as signal strength, interference, and noise to be received, and subjectively evaluate the listening effect and quality. Generally expressed in five points.
4 Acronyms
The following abbreviations apply to this standard.
A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion from analog to digital
AM (Amplitude Modulation)
CW (Carrier Wave)
FAX (Fastness Avigation)
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
FM (Frequency Modulation)
FSK (Frequency-Shift Keying)
ISB (Independent Side Band)
LSB (Low Side Band)
MW (Medium Wave)
RTTY (Radio Teletype)
SW (Short Wave)
USB (Up Side Band)
5 Medium and short-wave broadcasting frequency range
The range of the medium and short-wave broadcasting bands is based on the
And the "National Radio Frequency Allocation Regulations".
See Appendix A for the medium and short-wave broadcasting frequency range.
5.1 Medium wave broadcast frequency range
Refer to Appendix A.1 for the range of medium wave broadcasting bands.
5.2 Short-wave broadcasting frequency range
See Appendix A.2.
6 Broadcast Quality Open Road Monitoring Project
6.1 Monitoring of broadcast sound quality
Including the monitoring of technical indicators such as noise, distortion and amplitude frequency characteristics.
6.2 Monitoring of broadcast transmission characteristics
Including the monitoring of frequency deviation, amplitude modulation, carrier level, transmission bandwidth and other technical indicators.
6.3 Monitoring of the operating status of broadcast transmitters
Including monitoring of technical indicators such as stop broadcasting (including miscast, air broadcast, less broadcast, late broadcast), and poor broadcast.
7 Technical indicators for open quality monitoring of broadcasting quality
7.1 Subjective evaluation level of sound quality of broadcasting
The subjective evaluation level of the sound quality of the broadcast is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Subjective evaluation levels of broadcast sound quality monitoring
No. level sound quality
1 5 points (Excellent) Excellent quality, very satisfied
2 4 points (good) Good quality, almost no noise or distortion can be detected
3 3 points (medium) Average quality with obvious noise or distortion
4 2 points (poor) Poor quality, serious noise or distortion
5 1 point (poor) Poor quality with severe noise or distortion
7.2 Monitoring indicators for broadcast emission characteristics
See Table 2 for the requirements of the monitoring indicators for broadcast emission characteristics.
Table 2 Requirements for monitoring indicators of broadcast emission characteristics
Item Technical Index Measurement Error
Language programs have a duration of more than 6s (including 6s) in the 1min measurement time ≥70%
1 amplitude
Music programs have a duration of ≥30% for more than 6s (including 6s) in the 1min measurement time
± 5%
Medium wave synchronization
Medium wave ≤10Hz
Short wave ( > 10kW) ≤10Hz
Carrier frequency fc is 2.3MHz ～ 4.0MHz fc × 20 × 10-6Hz
Carrier frequency fc is 4.0MHz ~ 5.95MHz fc × 15 × 10-6Hz
frequency
deviation
Short wave (≤10kW)
Carrier frequency fc is 5.95MHz ～ 26.1MHz fc × 10 × 10-6Hz
± 1Hz
Carrier
Level medium wave and short wave (under normal modulation amplitude) ≥50%-
MF 9kHz
emission
Bandwidth short wave 9kHz
± 5%
7.3 Boundary of Broadcast Transmitter Operation
See Table 3 for the limits of the broadcasting transmitter's operating status.
Table 3 Boundary of broadcasting transmitter operation status
Serial number of items stopped broadcasting
1 The modulation amplitude is normal, and the carrier level is less than 25% of the specified value. 25% ～ 50%
Within 1min of automatic measurement, the carrier level is normal, the maximum adjustment is
Compared with the normal value, the amplitude is more than 6s (including 6s).
＜ 50% 50% ～ 70%
8 Broadcast quality open circuit monitoring method
8.1 Method for monitoring sound quality of broadcasting
The sound quality monitoring method is to use a special receiver for medium and short wave broadcasting to receive a subjective evaluation of the sound quality of the broadcast.
8.1.1 Noise Identification
In open-circuit monitoring, the noise of short-wave broadcasting mainly monitors the noise caused by the transmitter, which includes the additional noise and AC sound of the transmitter.
The noise sounds a smoother "snoring" sound, which is monitored in the gap between radio programs.
The sound of communication sounded "humming". Pay attention to distinguish the beating sound caused by co-channel interference, you can use methods such as changing the antenna direction
Make a difference.
8.1.2 Identification of Pros and Cons of Amplitude Frequency Characteristics
The pros and cons of the amplitude frequency characteristics are. when the amplitude frequency characteristics are good, the sound of listening to a language program is clear, and the sound of listening to a music program is wide
Thick, round, bright and plump. When the bass is too high, the sound is stuffy; when the treble is too high, the sound is sharp; when the middle is too low, the sound
Sound clarity is reduced.
8.1.3 Distortion discrimination
A random program signal passing through a non-linear device will generate harmonic distortion of each audio and intermodulation distortion between each audio, making the program sound
Blurred, ragged, or spiked.
8.2 Monitoring method for broadcast emission characteristics
The monitoring of technical indicators such as carrier level, amplitude modulation, frequency deviation, and transmission bandwidth of the transmission characteristics of medium and short-wave broadcasting is
Objective measurements are made.
8.2.1 Carrier level method
The measurement of the carrier level of a broadcast transmission is to measure the field strength of its transmission frequency. Measure emissions when test environmental conditions are not available
The level value of the carrier frequency. When measuring the carrier level, there should be no obvious co- and adjacent-frequency interference. The field strength measurement method should comply with GY/T 82-1989
Relevant provisions.
8.2.1.1 Block diagram of automatic carrier level measurement
The measuring equipment consists of a dedicated receiver (dedicated receiver) for medium and short wave broadcast quality monitoring or a medium and short wave field strength meter with automatic measurement capabilities.
(Field strength meter), field strength measurement antenna, and related software and hardware with control, data processing and analysis functions, can also use dedicated receivers or
Field strength meters and antennas are used for manual measurements. The block diagram of automatic measurement is shown in Figure 1.
Receiver for printer (field strength meter) Computer
Figure 1 Block diagram of automatic measurement of field strength (level)
8.2.1.2 Technical requirements for monitoring equipment
8.2.1.2.1 Technical requirements for dedicated receivers for medium and shortwave broadcast quality monitoring
See Table 4 for the technical requirements of special receivers for medium and short wave broadcast quality monitoring.
Table 4 Technical requirements for MW receivers
Technical index
Item
A type B type
1 Tuning resolution 1Hz, 10Hz, 100Hz, 1000Hz 10Hz, 100Hz, 1000Hz
2 Frequency stability 5 × 10-7/h 2 × 10-6/h
3 External standard frequency 1MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz None
4 (antenna) input impedance (nominal value) 50Ω 50Ω
5 Demodulation method
AM, USB, LSB, CW, FAX
ISB, FSK, FM (narrowband), RTTY
AM, USB, LSB, CW, RTTY
FAX, FM (narrowband)
6 IF bandwidth 0.1kHz ～ 10kHz adjustable 1kHz, 2kHz, 6kHz, 8kHz
Sensitivity
(S/N = 10dB, narrow band, modulation frequency
400Hz, modulation degree 30%)
6µV (0.5MHz ～ 1.6MHz)
2µV (1.6MHz ～ 30MHz)
10µV (0.5MHz ～ 1.6MHz)
5µV (1.6MHz ～ 30MHz)
8 IF rejection 90dB 70dB
9 Image rejection 90dB 70dB
10 Remote control interface
RS-232, IEEE488, RS-485,
Ethernet interface
RS-232
11 IF output variable 455kHz, 525kHz
12 Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
13 Operating temperature range -10oC ～ 55oC 5oC ～ 45oC
8.2.1.2.2 Technical requirements for medium and short wave field strength meters
The technical requirements of the medium and short wave field strength meters are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Technical requirements for medium and short wave field strength meters
Project technical indicators
1 Field strength meter calibration error ≤1dB
2 Field strength measurement error ≤ 2dB
3 IF passband width (-6dB bandwidth) 9kHz ± 1kHz or 10kHz
4 detection method average detection
5 Remote control interface RS-232, or IEEE488, or RS-485, Ethernet interface
8.2.1.2.3 Technical requirements for measuring antennas
There are two types of measuring antennas. standard loop antenna and rod antenna.
The loop antenna measures the horizontal component of the magnetic field strength. During the measurement, the loop antenna should be turned to maximize the measured value.
Rod antennas are generally short vertical antennas with a length of about 1 m, measuring the vertical component of the electric field. Precisely opening the carrier field strength of a broadcast transmission
When measuring roads, loop antennas should be used.
For inaccurate measurements such as relative field strength measurement and automatic spectrum scanning, a rod antenna can be used.
The technical requirements of the measuring antenna are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Technical requirements for measuring antennas
Technical index
Item
Loop antenna rod antenna
1 Frequency range 10KHz ～ 30MHz 10kHz ～ 30MHz
2 impedance 50Ω 50Ω
3 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤2 ≤2
4 Antenna correction factor
8.2.1.3 Measurement procedure
a) Connect the antenna, field strength meter or special receiver, computer and printer according to Figure 1, and power on the equipment;
b) Start the measurement software and set the field strength meter demodulation mode to AM and the detection mode to average detection and IF bandwidth through the computer interface.
3kHz or 9kHz, and the receiving frequency of a field strength meter or a dedicated receiver;
c) Select the standard antenna type through the computer interface, set the attenuation (or dynamic range) of the field strength meter or special receiver to make the receiving
The frequency signal strength is appropriate;
d) calibrate the field strength meter through the computer interface;
e) Operate the computer for measurement, the measurement data is automatically stored in the database, and the measurement results are displayed;
f) When needed, start the printer to print the measurement results.
8.2.2 Amplitude measurement method
8.2.2.1 Basic requirements for monitored signals
a) The received signal is relatively strong and stable;
b) No obvious co- and adjacent-frequency interference.
8.2.2.2 Automatic measurement block diagram of amplitude modulation
The measuring equipment is composed of A/D acquisition card, antenna and related software and hardware with control, data processing and analysis functions.
Adjust the acquisition card and antenna and other equipment for manual measurement. The block diagram of automatic measurement is shown in Figure 2.
Computer dedicated receiver A/D acquisition card
IF
Amplitude measuring instrument
printer
Figure 2 Block diagram of amplitude modulation measurement
8.2.2.3 Technical requirements for monitoring equipment
8.2.2.3.1 Technical requirements for dedicated receivers for medium and shortwave broadcasting
See 8.2.1.2.1.
8.2.2.3.2 A/D acquisition card technical requirements
The IF signal output from the receiver is sent to the A/D acquisition card. After filtering, amplification and detection, the carrier signal and audio signal are obtained.
The two signals are sampled at the same time, the sampling frequency must be at least two times higher than the highest frequency of the collected signal, the ratio of the instantaneous values of the two signals,
Get the instantaneous modulation amplitude; the actual modulation amplitude value takes the maximum modulation amplitude value of the lowest frequency of the sampled audio signal in a period.
The technical requirements of the A/D acquisition card are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Technical requirements of A/D acquisition card
Project technical indicators
1 input carrier frequency receiver intermediate frequency output frequency
2 Input the adjusted voltage level 10mV ～.200mV
3 Sampling frequency
4 Measurements per second ≥50
5 Measurement error ± 5%
8.2.2.3.3 Receiving antenna technical requirements
Use directional receiving antenna. When there is no directional antenna, a high-gain omni-directional antenna can be used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.
To improve the measurement accuracy, see Table 8 for the technical requirements of the receiving antenna. Other antennas are available for mobile or remote monitoring.
Table 8 Technical requirements for receiving antennas
Technical index
Short-wave antenna medium wave antenna serial number project
Directional omnidirectional
1 Frequency range 3.2MHz ～ 26.1MHz 3.2MHz ～ 26.1MHz 0.5265MHz ～ 1.6065MHz
2 Antenna gain ≥8dB ≥5dB 0dB ～ 3dB
3 Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤3 ≤3 ≤2
4 Output impedance (unbalanced) 50Ω 50Ω 50Ω
5 Polarization method Horizontal polarization Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization
6 Horizontal half power lobe width 60o ～ 80o 360o 360o
8.2.2.4 Measurement procedure
a) Connect the receiving antenna, the dedicated receiver, the dedicated A/D acquisition card, the computer and the printer as shown in Figure 2 and power on the equipment;
b) Start the measurement software, set the measurement frequency and measurement time through the computer interface, and set the dedicated receiver to AM demodulation mode, 9kHz
Bandwidth and proper RF attenuation, set the type and orientation of the receiving antenna and attenuation;
c) Operate the measurement through the computer interface, the measurement data is automatically stored and the measurement results are displayed;
d) If necessary, print the measurement results.
8.2.3 Frequency deviation measurement method
8.2.3.1 Basic requirements for monitored signals
a) the audibility of the received signal is not less than 2 points;
b) No obvious co- and adjacent-frequency interference.
8.2.3.2 Block diagram of frequency deviation measurement
8.2.3.2.1 Li Shayu Graphic Comparison Method
The block diagram of measuring frequency deviation by Li Shayu's graphic comparison method is shown in Figure 3.
High-frequency standard frequency source
Coupler
Oscilloscope
XY
Dedicated connection
Close
Low frequency oscillator
= f
Δf f2-f3
= f
-1kHz
fΩ = 1kHz Δf
f1. the transmitter transmits the assigned frequency;
f2. transmitter transmitting frequency;
f3. The output frequency of the high-frequency standard frequency source is (f1-1kHz);
f4. f2 and f3 pass through the receiver mixing detection frequency (∆f 1kHz);
fΩ. the output frequency of the low-frequency oscillator;
∆f. frequency deviation.
Figure 3 Block diagram of measuring frequency deviation by Li Shayu's graphic comparison method
8.2.3.2.2 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Automatic Spectrum Analysis Method
The block diagram for measuring the frequency deviation of the FFT spectrum automatic analysis method is shown in Figure 4.
IF
Printer A/D capture card computer
High-frequency standard frequency source
Dedicated receiver
Figure 4 Block diagram of measuring frequency deviation by FFT spectrum automatic analysis method
8.2.3.3 Technical requirements for monitoring equipment
8.2.3.3.1 Technical requirements for dedicated receive...
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