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GBZT192.6-2018 English PDF

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GBZT192.6-2018: Determination of dust in the air of workplaces -- Part 6: Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles
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Standard ID	Contents [version]	USD	STEP2	[PDF] delivered in	Standard Title (Description)	Status	PDF
GBZ/T 192.6-2018	English	239	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Determination of dust in the air of workplaces -- Part 6: Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles	Valid	GBZ/T 192.6-2018

PDF similar to GBZT192.6-2018

Standard similar to GBZT192.6-2018

GBZ 20 GBZ 57 GBZ 49 GB/T 192 GBZ 185 GBZ/T 189.3

Basic data

Standard ID	GBZ/T 192.6-2018 (GBZ/T192.6-2018)
Description (Translated English)	Determination of dust in the air of workplaces -- Part 6: Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles
Sector / Industry	National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard	C60
Word Count Estimation	12,158
Date of Issue	2018-07-16
Date of Implementation	2019-07-01
Regulation (derived from)	State-Health-Communication (2018) No.13
Issuing agency(ies)	National Health and Family Planning Commission

GBZ/T 192.6-2018: Determination of dust in the air of workplaces -- Part 6: Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Determination of dust in the air of workplaces - Part 6. Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles ICS 13.100 C 52 National Occupational Health Standards Determination of dust in workplace air - Part 6. Ultrafine Total concentration of particles and fine particles Determination of dust in the air of workplaces - Part 6. Total number concentration of ultrafine and fine particles Published on.2018 - 07 - 16 2019 - 07 - 01 implementation National Health and Wellness Committee of the People's Republic of China

Foreword

This standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic GBZ /T 192 "Dust Determination in Workplace Air" is currently divided into 6 parts. -- Part 1. Total dust concentration; -- Part 2. Respirable dust concentration; -- Part 3. Dust dispersion; -- Part 4. Free silica content; -- Part 5. Asbestos fiber concentration; - Part 6. Total concentration of ultrafine particles and fine particles. This part is the sixth part of GBZ /T 192. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. The main drafting units of this section. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Institute of Labor Protection, China's disease prevention and control Center for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute. The main drafters of this section. Zhang Meizhi, Tang Shichuan, Zhang Min, Xing Mingwei, Zou Hua, Gao Xiangjing, Zhou Lifang, Fang Xinglin, Xie Hongwei, Zhao Haiying, Hu Weijiang, Zhang Xing, Huang Hanlin, Fu Zhaohui, Chen Yuqiang, Cheng Jipeng, Jianle, Chang Bing. Determination of dust in workplace air Part 6. Total concentration of ultrafine and fine particles

1 Scope

This part of GBZ /T 192 specifies the determination methods and technical requirements for the total concentration of ultrafine particles and fine particles in the workplace air. This section applies to the determination of the total amount of ultrafine particles and fine particles in the workplace air.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GBZ 159 Sampling specification for monitoring of hazardous substances in the workplace air GBZ /T 192.2 Determination of dust in workplace air - Part 2. Respiratory dust concentration JY/T 010 General Principles of Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy ISO 27891 aerosol particle number counter calibration

3 Terms and definitions

And the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Ultrafine particles Nanoparticles Particles having an equivalent particle size of less than 100 nm. 3.2 Fine particles Particles having an equivalent particle size of less than 2500 nm and greater than 100 nm. 3.3 Reunion agglomerate The weaker bonds between the ultrafine particles are similar to the sum of the external surface area of the agglomerated particles and the surface area of each particle. 3.4 Aggregate aggregate The ultrafine particles are strongly bonded, and the outer surface of the aggregated particles is significantly smaller than the sum of the surfaces of each particle. 3.5 Nanomaterial nanomaterial At least one dimension in three dimensions in the nanoscale range (1 nm to 100 nm) or a material composed of them as basic units, nano The material has special physical and chemical properties compared to large-sized materials of the same chemical composition. 3.6 Condensate particle counter An apparatus for counting and measuring small particle size aerosol particles. The working principle is that the saturated steam is condensed on the ultrafine particles to make the particles The diameter grows to an optically detectable size. 3.7 Particle number concentration The number of ultrafine or fine particles per unit volume of air, usually expressed in cubic per cubic centimeter (P/cm3). Total quantity concentration refers to super The sum of the concentration of fine particles and fine particles. 3.8 Concentration ratio concentration ratio; CR The ratio of the total number of particles in contact with the worker or the concentration of the total amount of background particles can reflect the emission of the source of the particles. The extent of fine particles. 3.9 Detection efficiency The ratio of the measured value of CPC to the true value as the CPC calibration factor.

4 instruments

The measuring instrument is CPC, and the total amount of particles (P/cm3) is measured. Minimum configuration requirements. particle size detection range 20 nm ~ 3000nm, The concentration concentration detection range is 1 P/cm3 to 100000 P/cm3, and the aerosol inlet flow rate is 0.1 L/min to 5 L/min. Condensate is of analytical grade An alcohol such as isopropanol or n-butanol or purified water. CPC operating environment temperature 0 ° C ~ 40 ° C, the requirements for environmental humidity is not high.

5 methods

5.1 Preparation of measuring instruments 5.1.1 Measurement Instrument Selection. Evaluate individual exposures to prioritize individual CPCs and assess workplace exposures to select portable CPCs. 5.1.2 Clean the CPC aerosol inlet filter before each use to prevent contamination by large particles or fibers. 5.1.3 Before each use, the flow rate of the CPC aerosol inlet is corrected by a flow meter with an error of less than 5%. 5.1.4 Before each use, use the built-in zero filter device in a clean environment outside the workplace to zero the CPC. 5.1.5 Replace the condensate wick before each use. The condensate wick should be replaced once every 4 hours of continuous measurement. 5.1.6 Set the measurement mode. Use the recording mode to set the continuous measurement time and the data recording interval (for example, 1 minute to automatically record one) The number of times), after the measurement is completed, the data can be directly printed or downloaded to the computer for further analysis. Data display mode (direct reading) available Concentration screening in field investigations helps identify sources of particulate matter and sources of hybrid particles. 5.2 Particle generation source identification The method of information collection, on-site investigation or concentration screening is used to identify the source of particle generation. See Appendix A for the specific method. 5.3 Particle attribute analysis The combined application field survey method and electron microscopy method are used to determine the name and attribute of the particles to be tested. See Appendix B for the specific method. 5.4 Background Particle Total Quantity Concentration Measurement 5.4.1 Location of measurement 5.4.1.1 Background Particles in the Workplace. The measurement location is selected to be away from the work area and personnel activities in the same workplace where the particulate emission source is located. Fewer areas. The background concentration needs to be predicted to exclude the effects of sources of mixed particles in the area to be tested. If the effects of mixed particles cannot be ruled out, Or if the work activity is uninterrupted for 24 hours, select the atmospheric background particles outside the workplace. 5.4.1.2 Outside the workplace Atmospheric background Particles. If the workplace is mechanically ventilated, the measurement location may be set if conditions permit 1m at the air inlet; if the work site adopts natural ventilation, the measurement location selects 1m outside the windward window of the workplace. 5.4.2 Measurement time On the same day, measure the background particles outside the workplace and the background particles in the workplace, and measure continuously for more than half an hour, at least 30 More than one record is automatically recorded. When measuring background particles in the workplace, it should be measured before the activity. 5.5 Working activity particle total concentration measurement 5.5.1 Principles of selection of measurement locations The setting of the sampling point and the selection of the sampling object are performed in accordance with GBZ 159. Fixed-point sampling uses a portable CPC, and the sampler is fixedly placed Where the person works, the sampling head should be placed at the height of the breathing zone of the sampled object. Individual sampling uses individual CPC, sampling heads are worn in sampling pairs The chest of the elephant has its air inlet in the breathing zone. 5.5.2 Measurement time Measurement activities should be based on changes in operating time and activity. The measurement time covers at least one complete work activity for long time measurement The quantity is mainly (not less than 1h), and at least 60 pieces of data are automatically recorded. If the activity time is less than 15 minutes, take a short time measurement, Not less than 15 minutes, at least 15 automatically record data above. 5.5.3 Calculation and analysis of total particle concentration If the total particle concentration data meets the normal distribution or the concentration is stable, calculate the arithmetic mean of the particle concentration; if the data is skewed Distribution or fluctuations are large, calculating the median or calculating the geometric mean. The total number of particles can be analyzed from the following aspects. a) Calculate CR, CR greater than 1 in the absence of comparable occupational exposure limits, suggesting particle release; b) Statistical comparison with background values, statistically significant, suggesting particle release; c) Make a time-based concentration change map based on the activity of the activity, analyze the time and spatial distribution of the total particle concentration, and observe dynamically The relationship between activity and total particle concentration; d) Comparison of the contact levels of ultrafine particles at different workplaces or types of work.

6 Measurement records

Record the CPC quality control record before measurement, and record meteorological conditions (temperature, pressure and relative humidity), particle name to be tested, instrument Device model and setting parameters, engineering control measures and personal protection, measurement date, measurement start time, measurement location, generation of test particles The time activity of the granules and the hybrid particles, the measured concentration, the concentration after calibration, etc., and the on-site inspection layout map was drawn. Measurement records are shown in the appendix C.

7 Description

7.1 Determination results for critical position identification, semi-quantitative contact assessment, effectiveness evaluation of engineering control measures, and equipment leakage for ultrafine particles Evaluation. 7.2 The detection limit of this method is 10P/cm3. 7.3 Due to the special nature of ultra-fine particle real-time measurement, CPC should be sent to a professional laboratory with calibration capability for calibration. Calibration indicators such as quantitative concentration detection efficiency shall comply with the requirements of ISO 27891 and shall be tested under the conditions of corresponding particle size and total particle concentration. Efficiency calibrates the actual measured values of the CPC. 7.4 In the actual measurement practice, attention should be paid to the underestimation or overestimation of the measured value. Total concentration and particle size of aerosol particles in the workplace CPC measurements have a large impact. When the total particle concentration is below the detection limit of CPC (1 P/cm3 to 10 P/cm3), there is an overestimation phenomenon. (General deviation < 10P/cm3). There is an underestimation in the total amount concentration close to the higher detection limit of CPC (for example, 100000 P/cm3). The detection efficiency is generally between 0.9 and 1. The diameter of the particles to be tested is below 10 nm, and the detection efficiency of CPC is generally below 0.8, which is underestimated. Elephant. 7.5 When the production state of the workplace is unstable or the total particle concentration fluctuates greatly, it should be continuously tested for 3 days; it should be continuously tested in different seasons. Measure 3d to better understand the total concentration variation of ultrafine particles and fine particles in the workplace. 7.6 CPC's workflow is generally. ultrafine particles or fine particles in the aerosol are drawn into the CPC inlet, and the fullness of the heating device Mixed with alcohol vapor or saturated steam, under the action of the condensing device, the vapor is condensed on the surface of the particles to become droplets of particles, particle size Increase, then enter the optical detection system for total quantity concentration detection, and finally discharged by the CPC aerosol outlet. 7.7 Ultrafine particles are formed by nucleation and evaporation/condensation. See Appendix D for common sources of ultrafine particles in the workplace. 7.8 Ultrafine particles form fine particles or particles of larger particle size by agglomeration or aggregation. After the ultrafine particles are generated from the particle generating source, Due to the agglomeration or aggregation characteristics, it is easy to form an aerosol with relatively stable particle size distribution in a short time. Long-term measurement helps to reflect ultrafine particles. An aerosol state in which the particle size distribution is relatively stable after agglomeration or aggregation. AA

Appendix A

(normative appendix) Particle generation source identification method A.1 Identification particle generation source identification method A.1.1 Information collection Understand the tasks of process, raw materials, auxiliary materials, products, by-products, intermediate products, etc. If the particles to be tested are nanomaterials and their fine In the case of granular products, a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should also be collected to understand its physical and chemical properties, particle size, morphology, solubility and surface activity. A.1.2 Site investigation Conduct on-site investigation of production areas and processes. Process for producing nanomaterials or producing ultrafine particles, nano raw materials, by-products, The amount and output of intermediate products. It is also necessary to investigate the frequency and time of operation of each process, and the type of production equipment that processes and stores the nanomaterials. Investigate mechanical ventilation or local ventilation. Focus on the following key aspects. nanomaterial production, processing or solid particle use, Grinding, packaging and sampling testing of nanomaterial materials, cleaning, maintenance and overhaul of production equipment. A.1.3 Concentration screening At the source of potential particle generation, the CPC direct reading mode is used to read the total concentration of instantaneous particles, if the total concentration of particles is significantly higher than the back The total amount of granules of the granules is found to be the source of the particles to be tested after the influence of the source of the mixed particles (mixed particles other than the particles to be tested) is excluded. Avoid detection under environmental conditions that exceed the maximum detection limit of the CPC concentration. BB

Appendix B

(normative appendix) Particle attribute analysis method B.1 Determining the particle name and attribute to be tested B.1.1 Site investigation method Know the particle name and physical and chemical properties of the particles to be tested through information collection and on-site investigation. B.1.2 Electron microscopy Optional quartz fiber filter, acetic acid nitric acid mixed fiber filter, polypropylene fiber filter or other dust filter, using respiratory dust The sampler or aerosol collision sampler performs particle sampling, and the particle sample collection method is performed in accordance with GBZ /T 192.2. Granular sample sent to the real The laboratory conducts qualitative analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The preparation and analysis procedures of the sample are carried out according to JY/T 010. The analytical index is the particle chemical element. Prime composition and particle morphology (including particle size distribution and morphology), based on analytical reports provided by the laboratory to determine the name of the particle to be tested and the chemical genus Sex.

Appendix C

(normative appendix) Workplace ultra-fine particles and fine particle measurement record Tables C.1 and C.2 should be used for the measurement of ultrafine particles and fine particles in the workplace. Table C.1 Workplace ultrafine particles and fine particles measurement record table-1 Inspection Task Number. Page/Total Page Employer measurement basis Particle name to be tested Instrument name/model/number Detection particle size range/nm Detection concentration range/(P/cm3) Atmospheric pressure/Pa Flow Calibrator Model/Number Temperature/°C Relative Humidity %RH Pre-measurement CPC quality control record Calibration date aerosol inlet flow value/(L/min) Calibration value /(L/min) Whether the CPC meets the requirements for on-site inspection Have you cleaned the aerosol inlet large particle filter (whether) Has the alcohol condensate wick been replaced (whether) Whether it has been zeroed (whether) Determining person. Reviewer. Accompanying person. Year, month and day Table C.2 Workplace ultrafine particles and fine particles measurement record table-2 Inspection Task Number. Page/Total Page Determining person. Reviewer. Accompanying person. Year, month and day Measurement number Measurement start time Measuring location Laborer Measurement mode engineering control Personal defense Generate time to be tested Activity description Hybrid particle time Activity description Measurement result P/cm Continuous measurement time Recording interval Min average value Or median After calibration Calibration factor (or detection efficiency) see page

Appendix D

(informative appendix) Common sources of ultrafine particles in the workplace The common sources of ultrafine particles in the workplace are shown in Table D.1. Table D.1 List of common sources of superfine particles in the workplace Generating pathway source heating Metal smelting (eg aluminum smelting, steel smelting) Galvanized Electric welding Hot metal cutting Laser metal cutting Thermal Spray cooking Hot wax application combustion Diesel engines Petrol Engine Gas combustion engine Incineration Gas heating Machining High speed metal grinding and processing High speed drilling Nanomaterial manufacturing Nanomaterial production (nanoparticle powder) Treatment and use of nanoparticle powder Nanoparticle suspension or liquid spray

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