|
US$534.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email.
GBZ28820.1-2012: Long-term radiation ageing in polymers -- Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation
Status: Valid
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB/Z 28820.1-2012 | English | 534 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days [Need to translate]
|
Long-term radiation ageing in polymers -- Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation
| Valid |
GB/Z 28820.1-2012
|
PDF similar to GBZ28820.1-2012
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/Z 28820.1-2012 (GB/Z28820.1-2012) | | Description (Translated English) | Long-term radiation ageing in polymers -- Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K15 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.035.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 27,266 | | Adopted Standard | IEC/TS 61244-1-1993, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | ?National Standard Announcement 2012 No.28 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the aging of the polymer, heterogeneous aging. These effects makes the understanding of long-term accelerated aging process, and the exposure conditions inference becomes difficult. This section reviews the quantitative monitoring | GBZ28820.1-2012: Long-term radiation ageing in polymers -- Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Long-term radiation aging in polymers. Part 1. Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation
ICS 29.035.01
K15
People's Republic of China national standardization of technical guidance documents
Long-term polymer radiation aging
Part 1. Techniques for monitoring diffusion limiting oxidation
Part 1.Techniquesformonitoringdiffusion-limitedoxidation
(IEC /T S61244-1.1993, IDT)
Posted on.2012-11-05
2013-02-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration released
Directory
Preface Ⅰ
Introduction Ⅱ
1 Scope 1
2 monitoring diffusion limited oxidation of the analysis technology 1
2.1 Infrared analysis technology 1
2.2 modulus analysis 2
2.3 density analysis 2
2.4 X-ray microanalysis 3
2.5 Other profiling techniques 3
3 diffusion limit oxidation theory treatment method 3
4 penetration measurement 4
5 oxygen consumption measurement 5
6 Comparison of theoretical and experimental results 5
7 Oxygen Overpressure Technology 6
8 Summary 7
Appendix A (Informative) Diffusion limit oxidation theory of the derivation of treatment methods 18
References 21
Foreword
GB /Z 28820 "polymer long-term radiation aging" consists of three parts.
--- Part 1. Monitoring of diffusion-limited oxidation technology;
--- Part 2. Prediction of aging programs at low dose rates;
--- Part 3. Low voltage cable materials in service monitoring procedures.
This section GB /Z 28820 Part 1.
This section drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules.
This section uses the translation method is equivalent to using IEC /T S61244-1.1993 "polymer long-term radiation aging Part 1. Monitoring diffusion limit
Oxidation technology. "
This part is proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This part of the National Electrical Insulation Materials and Insulation Evaluation Committee Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC301) centralized.
This part of the drafting unit. Shenzhen Asahi Health Sanyi Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Electrical Technology Machinery Industry, Shanghai Cable Research
Institute, Shanghai Nuclear Industry Research and Design Institute, Shanghai Special Cable Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Shangshang Cable Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai Cable Factory
Co., Ltd., Linhai Yadong Special Cable Material Factory, Shanghai Kaibo Special Cable Material Factory Co., Ltd., Wuxi Jiangnan Cable Co., Ltd., Changzhou Ba Yi
Cable Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zhidaohua Polymer Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai Innovation High Temperature Cable Factory, Zhejiang Wanma Cable Co., Ltd.
Company, Shenzhen Walnut Nuclear Materials Co., Ltd., Beijing North Heavy Turbine Electric Co., Ltd., Beijing Xin Rui Runda Insulation Limited
Responsible company.
The main drafters of this section. Lu Wei, Ju Xuecheng, Guo Liping, Liu Yali, Lu Yanhong, Gu Shenjie, Sun Ping, Wang Songming, Wang Yiyao, Li Guofeng,
Duan Chunlai, Zhao Wenming, Zhou Xuyuan, Hou Hailiang, Shen 彧, Tang Songbai, Kang Shufeng, Liu Fengjuan, Liu Qihuan.
Introduction
It is often necessary to assess the expected lifetime of a polymeric material in a variety of different applications. In order to extend the service life,
Commonly used accelerated aging technology to predict the service life, this technology is to use higher than the ambient conditions to get the result. In a variety of realities
Applications, there are direct exposure to air conditions, which shows that oxidation is an important reason for material degradation. Unfortunately, aggregation
Exposure to air during aging often leads to non-uniform oxidation example results. Therefore, it is necessary to try a method that is both understandable
Oxidation process in turn can infer the impact of long-term exposure to accelerated aging.
The complexity of heterogeneous oxidation is paramount, with diffusion limited oxidation included. In a variety of environments, this complex and meaningful
Methods include many years of recognized heat [1] [2-4] and ultraviolet radiation [5]. When a material oxygen consumption rate greater than the ambient by the proliferation of make up
When oxygen is supplied to the interior of the material, diffusion-limited oxidation can occur. This example results in the concentration of oxygen equilibrating the adsorption value from the sample surface
Smoothly drops to the lower or non-existent value inside the sample. This will cause heterogeneous oxidation of the material, and oxygen generation on the surface of the material
(Eg, equivalent to an air-saturated environment) so as to reduce or not cause internal oxidation.
The geometry of the material is important, plus the rate of oxygen consumption, the oxygen permeability coefficient, and the partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding sample [5-8]
ring. Because the rate of oxygen consumption generally depends on the ambient pressure level (eg, temperature, radiation dose rate), and when the material degrades [9-10], oxygen
The rate of consumption and the oxygen permeability coefficient will also vary, and the importance of diffusion-limited oxidation will vary with pressure levels and degradation. This
It is shown that the percentage of samples oxidized under high pressure is substantially lower than the percentage oxidized under low pressure conditions [5-7,10-16].
Therefore, in order to determine conclusively whether short-term acceleration can simulate long-term air aging conditions, the key is to monitor and quantitatively understand the diffusion limit
The impact of oxidation.
Recently, a large number of improvement studies in this field have demonstrated that diffusion-limited oxidation can be achieved. This section reviews
this field. Chapter 2 describes an experimental profiling method that can be used to monitor diffusion-limited oxidation. Chapter 3 will briefly introduce this
As the theoretical description. The shape of the theoretical graph depends on the oxygen permeability coefficient and oxygen consumption rate, and these quantities must be measured or estimated to
From the data to verify the validity of the theory. Many experimental methods have been developed to measure the permeability coefficient, and a large amount of data can be found in the literature
To Chapter 4 will introduce some important documents. The experimental method of estimating oxygen consumption rate is briefly reviewed in Chapter 5. Experimental data support
Theory of treatment is introduced in Chapter 6. Once the trusted theoretical treatment exists, this theory can be used to select experimental aging bars
Or predict the importance of such effects, the impact of proliferation is not significant. If it is impossible to eliminate the proliferation of shadow in the air aging conditions
Ringing increases the oxygen pressure on the surrounding sample at the time of aging, which in some instances is used to obtain the desired result, as outlined in Chapter 7 for oxygen
Overvoltage technology.
Part 2 of GB /Z 28820 will be published separately and describe the procedure for predicting radiation aging at low dose rates.
Long-term polymer radiation aging
Part 1. Techniques for monitoring diffusion limiting oxidation
1 Scope
When oxygen is present, the polymer ages in a variety of environments, including temperature, radiation, or ultraviolet light, and is affected by diffusion-limited oxidation.
Non-homogeneous aging caused by. These effects make it difficult to understand the aging process and to infer accelerated long-term exposure conditions. This section reviews quantitative
The experimental techniques for monitoring these effects provide theoretical equations for assessing the importance.
2 to monitor diffusion-limited oxidation profiling techniques
Diffusion Limits The presence of oxidative effects indicates that various properties are associated with certain oxidations depending on the material
In the space location. Therefore, any technique that can be mapped into a spatial map can be used to monitor diffusion-limited oxidation. Because of the few polymers
The structure is expressed in cross-sections down to a few millimeters or less, and diffusion-limiting oxidation effects work on small dimensions. Therefore, cut
Analysis techniques should have a resolution of 100 μm. Another sensitivity-related issue is measured data, which degrades the polymer in general
It is true that less than 1% of the polymer is oxidized. Therefore, a useful analytical techniques should have the condition is that with reasonable results,
Sensitive to minute chemical changes, research can be applied extensively, and operation and analysis are relatively straightforward. This chapter briefly describes some special ones
Technology used.
2.1 infrared analysis technology
The impact of infrared spectroscopy to monitor diffusion-limited oxidation has been exceeded due to the ability of sheet samples to provide detailed chemical information
25 years [17]. Whether it is the effect of sample thickness or the effect of ultrathin sections, any oxidation-sensitive infrared peak can be monitored, allowing
To get heterogeneous oxidation information. Many research data show that the absorption peak of carbonyl group in polyolefin material is about 1720cm-1,
Such as polyethylene and polypropylene, characterize the infrared absorption peaks of this region with higher sensitivity, and these materials do not have absorption peaks when not aged.
Since the carbonyl region represents the superposition of the absorption peaks of various oxidation products (such as ketones, aldehydes, esters and acids) and has different elimination at different wavelengths
The light coefficient, therefore, simplifies assumptions to extract semi-quantitative information. In most cases, you can choose the maximum height or location of multiple carbonyl peaks
area. It is important to note that materials on the market contain additives (such as antioxidants, flame retardants) that often have absorption peaks in the carbonyl region and therefore
FTIR spectroscopy has complicated the testing of these materials. Figure 1 shows an infrared image of a material that has been ultrasonically sliced after aging
Anatomy of the sample diagram [18]. Polyolefin materials were placed in air and aged at 100 ° C for 6 days to characterize the relative degree of oxidation
Light) on the surface of the sample from the air. There is an approximate exponential level of correlation between the degree of oxidation and air exposure, heat aging materials
A similar pattern can be observed [10,13,14].
The second infrared treatment is the use of packaging film to obtain multilayer samples under mechanical pressure. After aging, the films are separated and carried separately
analysis. Unsteady low-density polyethylene material in the air after γ-ray aging, carbonyl carbonyl obtained in this way profile is shown in Figure 2
Show [19]. This profile is symmetrical because both surfaces of the multilayer sample are exposed to the air. Profiles of these samples are completely oxygenated
There was a sudden shift in the area of oxidation and non-oxidation, which was observed on the power function plot in Figure 1.
Another notable improvement is the use of microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as the analytical method. Jouan and others
[20,21] pioneered this method and analyzed the carbonyl absorption peak of the PVC material by photooxidation [20] and also plotted styrene-butadiene
Diene (SBR) rubber and nitrile rubber [21]. Figure 3 shows the photo-oxidation of SBR membrane in air for 100h [21]. This
In this case, the oxidation is significantly reduced when away from the air, which is very similar to the result shown in Fig. 1.
Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GBZ28820.1-2012_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GBZ28820.1-2012_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time. Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GBZ28820.1-2012_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of GBZ28820.1-2012_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet. Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. If you need your currency to be printed on the invoice, please write an email to [email protected]. In 2 working-hours, we will create a special link for you to pay in any currencies. Otherwise, follow the normal steps: Add to Cart -- Checkout -- Select your currency to pay.
|