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GBZ2.1-2019: Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace -- Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents
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Basic data | Standard ID | GBZ 2.1-2019 (GBZ2.1-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace -- Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C52 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.100 | | Word Count Estimation | 54,596 | | Date of Issue | 2019 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-04-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GBZ2.1-2019: Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace -- Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents
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Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 1.Chemical hazardous agents
ICS 13.100
C 52
Replace GBZ 2.1-2007
Occupational exposure limits for hazardous factors in the workplace
Part 1.Chemical harmful factors
2019-08-27 released
2020-04-01 implementation
Foreword
The occupational exposure limits in Tables 1 to 3 of this standard are mandatory, and the rest are recommended.
This standard is formulated in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Occupational Disease Prevention and Control"
GBZ 2 "Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" is divided into two parts.
--Part 1.Chemical harmful factors;
--Part 2.Physical factors.
This part is part 1 of GBZ 2.
This part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GBZ 2.1-2007 "Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace Part 1.Chemical Hazardous Factors". With GBZ 2.1
-Compared to.2007, the main technical changes except for editorial changes are as follows.
--Add 6 normative reference documents. GBZ /T 300, GBZ /T 192, GBZ /T 295, GBZ /T 224, GBZ /T 225 and GBZ /T
229.2;
--Add 9 concepts or definitions related to occupational exposure; delete 5 terms in normative reference documents; introduce peak exposure concentration
Concept and replace over-limit multiples;
- To summarize and increase the occupational exposure limits for 28 chemical hazards developed and revised in recent years.
- Adjust the Chinese or English names of 8 chemical substances and the CAS numbers of 8 substances;
--Increase the sensitization label of 16 substances, the skin label of 4 substances, the carcinogenic label of 14 substances, and adjust the label of 7 substances
Cancer identification;
- Incorporate the exposure limit of nitric oxide into the exposure limit of nitrogen dioxide;
-Clearly list the adverse health effects on which exposure limits are based;
--In Chapter 4 "Health Requirements", occupational exposure biological limits (biological monitoring indicators and exposure limits) have been added.
The health industry standard occupational exposure biological limits and testing method standards were confirmed, and 28 biological monitoring indicators were summarized and listed
And exposure limits. Among them, 13 kinds of occupational exposure biological limit values, biological material testing and biological monitoring approved in recent years have been added.
Test quality requirements;
--Further improve the relevant requirements of the monitoring and detection methods; for the PC-TWA for total dust and respirable dust
Confirmed the priority of TWA for the determination of respirable dust;
- Added the principles and requirements for occupational exposure control of chemical hazardous factors in the workplace;
--- Added Appendix B, giving information on the main drafters and main drafters of the new limit;
--Further refinement and improvement have been made to Appendix A for the correct use instructions. Increased the control principles of occupational exposure to harmful factors and
Key points, action levels, occupational exposure classification and its control, occupational disease hazard operation classification management principles, etc., the original standard
Part of the content in Appendix A "Instructions for Correct Use" has been revised into the standard text.
Drafting organizations of this section. Occupational Health and Poisoning Control Institute of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, School of Public Health of Fudan University, Military Medical
School of Subjects, Tongji School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Public Health of Peking University, Guangdong Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, etc.
The main drafters of this section. Li Tao, Zhang Min, Yan Huifang, Zhu Xiaojun, Chen Qingsong, Li Wenjie, Xu Bohong, Wu Weiai, Zheng Yuxin,
Liu Hongtao, Zhou Zhijun, Wang Sheng, Gu Jingyu, Qiu Chuangyi, Yang Lei, Liu Xiaoyan, Du Xieyi, Qiu Bing, Ding Chunguang, Wang Enye, Nie Wu, Zhu
Zhiliang.
The previous version of the standard replaced by this part.
--GBZ 2-2002;
--GBZ 2.1-2007.
Occupational exposure limits for hazardous factors in the workplace
Part 1.Chemical harmful factors
1 Scope
This section specifies the hygiene requirements, testing, evaluation and control principles for occupational exposure to chemical hazardous factors in the workplace.
This part is applicable to the management, control and occupational health supervision of industrial enterprise sanitation design and occupational exposure to chemical harmful factors in the workplace
Check etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GBZ 1 Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises
GBZ 159 Sampling specification for monitoring hazardous substances in the air in workplaces
GBZ /T 160 (all parts) Determination of toxic substances in workplace air
GBZ /T 192 (all parts) Determination of dust in the air in the workplace
GBZ /T 224 Occupational Health Terminology
GBZ /T 225 Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in employers
GBZ /T 229.2 Classification of occupational hazards in the workplace Part 2.Chemicals
GBZ /T 295 General rules of biological monitoring methods for occupational population
GBZ /T 300 (all parts) Determination of toxic substances in workplace air
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
The following terms and definitions defined in GBZ /T 224 apply to this document.
3.1
Chemical hazards
The chemical harmful factors referred to in this section include chemical substances, dust and biological factors existing or produced in the workplace.
3.2
Occupational exposure
Workers in occupational activities through the respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes and other occupational harmful factors contact process.
3.3
Adverse health effects
The harmful health effects or toxic effects of the body due to exposure to occupational harmful factors. Only reach a certain level of contact,
That is, excessive exposure can cause health damage.
3.4
Critical adverse health effects
It is used to determine the allowable exposure concentration of a certain occupational harmful factor, that is, the adverse health effect based on the occupational exposure limit.
3.5
Occupational exposure limits; OELs
Workers have long-term repeated exposure to one or more occupational harmful factors in the process of occupational activities, which will not cause the majority of contacts to be unhealthy
Allowable exposure level for health effects. Occupational exposure limits for chemical hazardous factors are divided into time-weighted average allowable concentration and short-term exposure allowable
There are three types of concentration and maximum allowable concentration.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 5.1.
3.5.1
Permissible concentration-time weighted average; PC-TWA
The average allowable exposure concentration for 8 h working day and 40 h working week specified by time as weight.
3.5.2
Permissible concentration-short term exposure limit; PC-STEL
Under the premise that the actual measured average exposure concentration of 8 h working day and 40 h working week complies with PC-TWA, workers are allowed to take a short time (15 min)
The weighted average concentration of exposure.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 5.3.
3.5.3
Maximum allowable concentration; MAC
The concentration of chemical harmful factors that should not be exceeded in a working day, at any time and at the workplace.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 5.2.
3.6
Peak exposures; PE
The maximum or peak concentration of a specific substance in the air determined in the shortest analyzable time period (no more than 15 minutes). For contact
With PC-TWA but not yet established PC-STEL chemical hazards, peak exposure concentration should be used to control short-term exposure. In compliance
Under the premise of PC-TWA, any short time (15 min) exceeding the maximum connection level of PC-TWA is allowed within a working day.
Touch concentration.
3.7
Exposure level
Workers detected by standard testing methods are actually exposed to occupational hazards in the workplace during a specific period of time during professional activities
The concentration or strength of the element.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 2.22.
3.8
Ratio of occupational exposure level to OELs
The ratio of the actual exposure level of workers exposed to a certain occupational harmful factor to the corresponding occupational exposure limit of the factor.
When workers are exposed to more than two chemical hazardous factors, the actual measured value of each chemical hazardous factor and its corresponding occupational exposure limit
The sum of the ratios of is called the ratio of mixed exposure.
3.9
Action level
The level of actual exposure of workers to chemical harmful factors has reached the level that employers need to adopt occupational exposure monitoring, occupational health
The level of control measures or actions such as occupational hygiene training and notification of occupational hazards, also known as the administration level or management
Concentration (administration concentration).
The action level of chemical harmful factors varies according to the workplace environment and the harmful factors exposed to it, generally this factor
Half the allowable concentration.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 2.23.
3.10
Biological monitoring
Systematically measure the content (concentration) of chemical substances or their metabolites in workers’ blood, urine, and other biological materials, or
The systematic monitoring of the level of harmless biological effects is to evaluate the degree of exposure of workers to chemical harmful factors and their possible health effects.
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 6.1.2.
3.11
Biological exposure limits; BELs
The maximum allowable value recommended for the chemical substances or their metabolites in the biological materials of workers, or the biological effects caused by them, is also
A guide value for evaluating the results of biological monitoring. Work for 5 days a week and exposure for 8 hours a day. When the biological monitoring value is within its recommended range, it is extremely
Most workers will not be adversely affected by health. Also known as Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) or
Biological limit values (BLVs).
Note. Rewrite GBZ /T 224-2010, definition 5.9.
4 Hygiene requirements
4.1 Occupational exposure limits for chemical harmful factors in the air in the workplace
The occupational exposure limits of chemical hazardous factors in the air in the workplace are shown in Table 1.
5 Monitoring and testing principles and requirements
5.1 The sampling of hazardous substances in the air in the workplace shall be carried out in accordance with GBZ 159.
5.2 The detection of chemical harmful factors and dust in the air of the workplace shall be carried out in accordance with GBZ /T 160, GBZ /T 300 and GBZ /T 192.If there is no phase
The corresponding testing methods can refer to domestic and foreign recognized testing methods, but they should be included in the quality control procedures.
5.3 For dusts with separate allowable concentrations of total dust and respirable dust, the exposure concentration of respirable dust should be determined first.
5.4 The determination of harmful substances and their metabolites or effect indicators in biological materials matched with BELs shall be carried out in accordance with GBZ /T 295.
6 Principles and requirements for occupational exposure control of chemical hazardous factors in the workplace
6.1 Priority principles for the control of chemical harmful factors
6.1.1 The control of exposure to chemical hazardous factors in the workplace should be based on the actual situation of occupational disease hazards in the workplace and in accordance with the requirements of GBZ 1.
Require comprehensive control measures.
6.1.2 Eliminate the substitution principle. Prioritize the use of new technologies, new processes, new materials, and new equipment that are beneficial to protecting the health of workers, and use harmless
Replace harmful, low-toxicity hazards and high-toxicity processes, technologies and materials, and control workers’ exposure to chemical hazards from the source.
6.1.3 Engineering control principles. If the production process, technology and raw and auxiliary materials fail to meet the hygienic requirements, they should be based on the production process and chemical
The characteristics of harmful factors, corresponding engineering control measures such as dust prevention, anti-virus, ventilation, etc., will be adopted to make the workplace chemical
The concentration of harmful factors meets hygiene requirements.
6.1.4 Principles of management control. By formulating and implementing management control measures, workers’ exposure to chemical
Low-hazard health effects.
6.1.5 Principles of personal protection. When the adopted control measures still cannot achieve effective control of contact, other control measures should be used in combination.
And appropriate personal protective equipment; personal protective equipment is usually used when other control measures are not ideal to achieve the control objectives.
6.1.6 When evaluating the rationality and feasibility of prevention and control measures, the types of occupational hazards and the
The cost to be paid.
6.2 Key points of occupational exposure control
6.2.1 When formulating occupational exposure control measures, full consideration should be given to all possible routes of exposure, including inhalation through the respiratory tract and skin inhalation.
Collection and oral intake;
6.2.2 The control measures taken should be targeted and can effectively prevent the health hazards that may be caused by the harmful factors;
6.2.3 The most effective and reliable control measures should be selected to avoid the leakage of harmful factors or minimize their spread as much as possible;
6.2.4 The relevant elements of all control measures shall be regularly checked and evaluated, and their continuous effectiveness shall be maintained;
6.2.5 All relevant workers shall be informed of the chemical hazards that may occur during work and the corresponding control measures
Conduct occupational disease prevention and control knowledge training;
6.2.6 It should be ensured that the control measures taken will not threaten the health and lives of workers.
6.3 Requirements for occupational exposure control of chemical hazardous factors in the workplace
6.3.1 When workers are exposed to chemical hazards that have MACs, the maximum maximum value at any time and at any workplace within a working day
The maximum exposure concentration (CME) shall not exceed its corresponding MAC value.
6.3.2 When workers are exposed to the chemical harmful factors of PC-TWA and PC-STEL, the actual measured time-weighted average of the day
The exposure concentration of time weighted average (CTWA) shall not exceed the PC-TWA corresponding to this factor
At the same time, the exposure concentration of short term (CSTE) during a working day shall not exceed
The corresponding PC-STEL value.
6.3.3 When workers are exposed to chemical hazards that only have PC-TWA but have not yet established PC-STEL, the actual CTWA measured on the day
The corresponding PC-TWA value shall not be exceeded; at the same time, the contact level of workers that instantaneously exceeds the PC-TWA value by 3 times shall not exceed
15 min, no more than 4 times during a working day, consecutive intervals no less than 1 h, and under no circumstances can exceed the PC-TWA value
5 times.
6.3.4 For the control of chemical harmful factors that have not yet established OELs, in principle, the vast majority of workers should be
It will not harm its health. Employers can use existing information and refer to OELs developed by domestic and foreign authoritative organizations to formulate their own
Use sanitary standards and take effective measures to control workers’ exposure.
6.4 Control measures
When the concentration of workers exposed to chemical harmful factors exceeds the action level, the employer shall refer to the requirements of GBZ /T 225 to take measures including dust prevention,
Engineering control measures such as anti-virus, monitoring of harmful factors in the workplace, occupational health monitoring, notification of occupational hazards, occupational health training and other technologies
And management control measures. The level of action is not to be used as the basis for determining job allowances for workers exposed to occupational hazards.
6.5 Occupational exposure level of chemical hazardous factors and classification control
6.5.1 According to the workers’ actual exposure to chemical harmful factors, the workers’ exposure level can be divided into 5 levels, and the corresponding recommended levels
Control measures are shown in Table 5.
6.5.2 Refer to GBZ /T 229.2 for the classified management of occupational hazards of chemicals in the workplace.
7 Instructions for using this section correctly
See Appendix A for instructions on the correct use of this section.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix)
Instructions for using this section correctly
A.1 The purpose of establishing occupational exposure limits for chemical hazardous factors in the workplace
A.1.1 Occupational exposure limit is the exposure limit value of occupational harmful factors. Establishment of occupational exposure limits for chemical hazardous factors in the workplace
The purpose is to guide employers to take preventive and control measures to prevent workers from excessive exposure to chemical harmful factors during professional activities.
Adverse health effects.
A.1.2 Occupational exposure limits for chemical hazards in the workplace are the employer’s assessment of workplace hygiene, and workers’ exposure to chemical hazards.
The degree of factors and the important technical basis for the control effect of protective measures are the key to the implementation of occupational health risk assessment, risk management and risk communication.
It can also be used as a reference value for setting the alarm value of occupational hazards in the workplace.
A.1.3 The occupational exposure limit of chemical hazardous factors in the workplace is also the responsibility of the occupational health
An important technical basis for health technical service organizations to carry out occupational health risk assessment and occupational disease hazard assessment.
A.2 Correct application of different types of occupational exposure limits
A.2.1 PC-TWA, PC-STEL or MAC should be used correctly when evaluating the occupational health status of the workplace or the personal exposure level of workers.
And carry out air sampling and monitoring in accordance with relevant standards.
A.2.2 PC-TWA is the main indicator for evaluating the exposure level of workers and the occupational health status of the workplace. Evaluation of the effects of occupational hazards control,
Periodic occupational hazard assessments, systematic exposure assessments, or changes in production processes, raw materials, equipment, etc.
When reassessing the degree of disease hazard, the detection and evaluation of TWA should be especially emphasized.
A.2.2.1 Individual testing is an ideal method to determine TWA, which can better reflect the actual personal exposure level of the worker and the workplace
Hygiene status is the main detection method for evaluating occupational exposure to chemical harmful factors.
A.2.2.2 Spot detection is also a method to determine TWA, which mainly reflects the concentration of chemical harmful factors in the air in the workplace, and also reflects
The level of individual exposure of workers. When applying the fixed-point detection method to determine TWA, the data of a certain working place and each time period within a working day should be collected.
For the sample, divide the sum of the product of the continuous contact time and the corresponding measured concentration by 8 to get the exposure chemically harmful for a working day
The factor's time weighted average exposure concentration (CTWA).
A.2.3 The TWA level of workers exposed to chemical harmful factors in different time periods fluctuates up and down the PC-TWA value. This fluctuation is due to different substances.
The allowable fluctuation range varies. In order to limit workers’ exposure to high concentrations for a short period of time within a working day,
Acute toxicity will not occur if exposed to these factors for time, and the corresponding PC-STEL has been formulated for chemical harmful factors.
A.2.3.1 Short-term continuous contact less than or equal to PC-STEL will not cause irritation, chronic or irreversible tissue damage, depending on the dose-
The toxic effect of the rate, and the degree of anesthesia is sufficient to increase the accident rate, impair self-rescue ability or greatly reduce work efficiency.
A.2.3.2 PC-STEL is mainly used for chemical substances with chronic toxic effects but also acute toxic effects. It is compatible with PC-TWA
The short-term exposure limit of the set can be regarded as a supplement to PC-TWA. When evaluating the chemical harmful factors for which PC-STEL is established, the same
When using PC-TWA and PC-STEL two types of limits. Even if the CTWA within one working day meets the sanitary requirements, CSTE should not exceed its
The corresponding PC-STEL value, and the contact between PC-STEL above the PC-TWA value and PC-STEL should not exceed 15 minutes.
The number of times should not exceed 4, and the interval between successive contacts should not be shorter than 60 min.
If the actual CTWA measured on the day has exceeded the PC-TWA, there is no need to use PC-STEL to prevent these effects.
A.2.3.3 When monitoring and evaluating chemical substances for which PC-STEL is formulated, the on-site hygiene survey should be conducted to understand the concentration fluctuations.
In addition, sampling and testing should be carried out in accordance with sampling specifications and standard testing methods during the period of highest concentration.
A.2.4 One-time large-scale exposure to hazardous substances may increase the risk of certain diseases. Only relying on monitoring data of long-term average exposure may conceal
The drift value of the cover peak, in order to control this health effect, for the chemical harmful factors with PC-TWA but not yet established PC-STEL, use peak
The exposure concentration controls the maximum exposure in a short time, the purpose is to prevent the instantaneous high-level contact caused by the PC-TWA several times in a working day
The rapid occurrence of acute adverse health effects.
A.2.4.1 The peak contact concentration is similar to PC-STEL, and both reflect the 15-min contact. For those who have PC-TWA but have not yet developed PC-STEL
The level of CTWA of workers on the day should be controlled within the range of PC-TWA. At the same time, the level of CTWA in PC-TWA within one working day
Short-term exposures above the level should meet the peak exposure concentration control requirements.
A.2.4.2 Good design and industrial hygiene measures can ensure that the process is controlled within an acceptable range. The degree of variation is too large, which means
The process has not been well controlled and measures should be taken to re-control it. Controlling higher levels of exposure aims to encourage
To ensure that workers are protected accordingly.
A.2.4.3 The peak exposure concentration must be evaluated using this section, but when PC-STEL or MAC can be used, PC-STEL is preferred
Or MAC.
A.2.4.4 Peak exposure concentration detection corresponds to short-term exposure concentration.
A.2.5 MAC is aimed at those chemicals that have obvious irritation, suffocation or central nervous system depression, which can cause severe acute health damage.
The maximum allowable exposure limit established by the substance that cannot be exceeded under any circumstances. Generally, there are no chemical substances with MAC
PC-TWA or PC-STEL.
When monitoring and evaluating chemical substances with MAC, it should be based on understanding the production process...
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