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GB/T 9989.2-2025 English PDF

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GB/T 9989.2-2025: Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion - Part 2: Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and/or their vapours
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GB/T 9989.2: Evolution and historical versions

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GB/T 9989.2-2025English439 Add to Cart 4 days [Need to translate] Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion - Part 2: Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and/or their vapours Valid GB/T 9989.2-2025
GB/T 9989.2-2015English374 Add to Cart 3 days [Need to translate] Vitreous and porcelain enamels -- Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion -- Part 2: Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids and/or their vapours Valid GB/T 9989.2-2015

Basic data

Standard ID GB/T 9989.2-2025 (GB/T9989.2-2025)
Description (Translated English) Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion - Part 2: Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and/or their vapours
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard Y26
Classification of International Standard 25.220.50
Word Count Estimation 22,244
Date of Issue 2025-08-29
Date of Implementation 2026-03-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 9989.2-2015
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration

GB/T 9989.2-2025: Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion - Part 2: Determination of resistance to chemical corrosion by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and/or their vapours



---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT9989.2-2025
ICS 25.220.50 CCSY26 National Standard of the People's Republic of China Replaces GB/T 9989.2-2015 Determination of resistance of enamel to chemical attack Part 2.Resistance to boiling acid, boiling neutral liquid, Determination of chemical corrosion by alkaline liquids and their vapors (ISO 28706-2.2017,MOD) Released on August 29, 2025, implemented on March 1, 2026 State Administration for Market Regulation The National Standardization Administration issued

Table of Contents

Preface III Introduction V 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Principle 1 5 Reagent 2 6 Instruments and Equipment 2 7 Sealing ring 5 8 Sample 7 9 Step 8 10 The result is 8 11 Boiling citric acid 9 12 Boiling sulfuric acid 9 13 boiling hydrochloric acid 10 14 Boiling test water 11 15 Alkaline solution (detergent) 11 16 Other test solutions and conditions 12 Reference 14 Preface This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents" Drafting. This document is Part 2 of GB/T 9989 “Determination of resistance of enamel to chemical attack”. GB/T 9989 has been published in the following parts. --- Part 1.Determination of resistance to acid corrosion at room temperature; --- Part 2.Determination of resistance to chemical attack by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and their vapors; --- Part 3.Determination of resistance to chemical attack by alkaline solutions using hexagonal containers or quadrilateral glass containers; --- Part 4.Determination of resistance to erosion by alkaline solutions using cylindrical containers; --- Part 5.Determination of resistance to chemical attack in closed systems. This document replaces GB/T 9989.2-2015 "Determination of resistance of enamel to chemical attack - Part 2.Resistance to boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids and Compared with GB/T 9989.2-2015, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) Added alkaline liquids to the scope (see Chapter 1); b) Added reagents for testing purposes. sodium triphosphate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium perborate, sodium silicate, alkyl sulfonate (see 5.7~ 5.11); c) Addition of alkaline solution (detergent) (see Chapter 15). This document is modified to adopt ISO 28706-2.2017 “Determination of resistance of enamel to chemical attack – Part 2.Resistance to boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, Determination of chemical attack by alkaline liquids and their vapors. The technical differences between this document and ISO 28706-2.2017 and their reasons are as follows. a) The normative reference to ISO 649-1 (see Chapter 2, 6.2.7 of ISO 28706-2.2017) has been deleted to adapt to my country’s technical requirements. parts, increasing operability; b) ISO 3696 (see 5.1) has been replaced by the normative reference GB/T 6682 to adapt to my country’s technical conditions and increase operability. Sexuality; c) The normative reference GB/T 6579 replaces ISO 718 (see 6.1.2) to adapt to my country’s technical conditions and increase operability. Sexuality; d) The normative reference GB/T 34843 replaces ISO 3585 (see 6.1.2~6.1.4, 6.1.14) to adapt to my country's technology Conditions, increase operability; e) The normative reference GB/T 28212 replaces ISO 4799 (see 6.1.3) to adapt to my country’s technical conditions and increase operability. Sexuality; f) The normative reference GB/T 12804 replaces ISO 4788 (see 6.2.3) to adapt to my country’s technical conditions and increase operability. Sexuality; g) Deleted the scale hydrometer. meet the requirements of ISO 649-1 (see 6.2.7 of ISO 28706-2.2017) to adapt to my country's technology Conditions, increase operability. h) ISO 48 (see 7.3) has been replaced with the normative reference GB/T 6031 to adapt to my country's technical conditions and increase operability; i) The normative reference GB/T 38166 replaces ISO 28764 (see Chapter 8) to adapt to my country’s technical conditions and to add operability; The following editorial changes have been made to this document. --- The national standards used in the introduction replace the international standards. GB/T 9989.1-2015 replaces ISO 28706-1.2008, GB/T 9989.3-2025 replaces ISO 28706-3.2008, GB/T 9989.5-2015 replaces ISO 28706-5.2010; --- Increased the applicable scope; --- Deleted "such as distilled water or water of equivalent purity" in 5.1 Test water of ISO 28706-2.2017; --- Modified ISO 28706-2.2017 Chapter 14 titled "Boiling test water". Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the China Light Industry Federation. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Food Direct Contact Materials and Products (SAC/TC397). This document was drafted by. Zhejiang Kaier New Materials Co., Ltd., Hunan Sino Technology Co., Ltd., Donghua University, Guangdong Gemei Qi Electric Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Maineng High-tech Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this document are. Dai Qi, Zhou Xianghua, Luo Lida, Tang Long, Ye Jiayi, Xu Xiaojian, Xie Hongbin, Yang Xuemei, Jiang Weizhong, Zhu Qingguo, Gong Miao. The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows. ---First published in.2015 as GB/T 9989.2-2015; ---This is the first revision.

introduction

GB/T 9989 is intended to describe the test method for the resistance of enamel to chemical attack and is intended to consist of five parts. --- Part 1.Determination of acid corrosion resistance at room temperature. The purpose is to evaluate the chemical corrosion resistance of enamel in acidic environment at room temperature. Can and provide test methods. --- Part 2.Determination of resistance to chemical attack by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and their vapors. The corrosion resistance of porcelain under high temperature and the action of liquids of different chemical properties and their vapors is studied and the test methods are provided. --- Part 3.Determination of resistance to chemical attack by alkaline solutions using hexagonal containers or quadrilateral glass containers. The chemical corrosion resistance of enamel in alkaline solution environment in a container of a specific shape is evaluated and a test method is provided. --- Part 4.Determination of resistance to alkali solution corrosion using cylindrical containers. The test method for liquid corrosion is mainly applicable to chemical enamel. --- Part 5.Determination of resistance to chemical attack in closed systems. The purpose is to determine the performance of enamels used in chemical treatment (processing) Assessment provides testing methods. The erosion of enamel and porcelain glaze by aqueous solution is a hydrolysis process. The main component of the enamel layer is silicon dioxide, which is a three-dimensional silicon The silicic acid or silicate formed after hydrolysis will dissolve into the corrosive medium. Other components (mainly metal oxides) will also Will hydrolyze and form the corresponding metal hydroxide ions or hydroxides. All the eroded products will dissolve into the erosion medium to a greater or lesser extent. The entire erosion process will result in a weight loss per unit area of the material. There is a certain relationship between the amount of erosion on the enamel surface and the erosion time. Some aqueous solutions show a linear relationship, while others show a logarithmic relationship. Only when the aqueous solution erosion is linear can the weight loss rate per unit area [g/(m2·h)] be accurately calculated using scientific methods. and erosion rate (mm/a). The important factors that affect the corrosion of enamel surface by aqueous solution are the quality of enamel, temperature and pH. The limited solubility of silicon dioxide can also The following lists the corrosion conditions of different types of enamel under different corrosion conditions. a) At 80°C, alkaline solution (such as 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide, see ISO 28706-4.2016 Chapter 9) has a significant effect on the silicate content of enamel. The network erosion is obvious. Silicates and most other hydrolyzed components will dissolve in the alkaline solution. The erosion amount is proportional to the test time. Therefore, the test results can be expressed as the weight loss rate per unit area (weight loss per unit area and per unit time) and the erosion rate. It is expressed in rate (mm/a). b) At room temperature, a weak acid solution (such as citric acid, see Chapter 9 of GB/T 9989.1-2015) or a strong acid solution (such as sulfuric acid, see GB/T 9989.1-2015 Chapter 10) has little erosion on the silicate network of enamel, and other components on the surface have a certain degree of decomposition. It is found that after the test, no obvious changes are observed on the surface of the high acid-resistant enamel. However, after the test, the enamel with poor acid resistance is The surface may show signs of corrosion or appear rough. c) In boiling acidic solutions (see this document), the silicate network of the enamel layer is attacked, and silicon dioxide and other enamel components are However, the solubility of silicon dioxide in acidic solution is low, and the dissolved silicon dioxide will quickly erode the solution. The solution is saturated and only erosion and precipitation occur on the enamel surface. The acid erosion will be inhibited and the erosion rate will be significantly reduced. Note. When the glass test device is corroded by acid, silicon dioxide will be precipitated, which also has a certain inhibitory effect on the corrosion of the enamel layer. In the gas phase test, the condensate formed on the sample surface does not contain any dissolved enamel components, which effectively prevents this type of corrosion. role. The following are examples of nonlinear erosion [see 1)] and linear erosion [see 2)] of enamel. 1) Boiling citric acid (see Chapter 11) and 30% boiling sulfuric acid (see Chapter 12) Since the gas phase contains only trace amounts of acid, usually only liquid phase tests are performed. Therefore, the test results are expressed as weight loss per unit area and cannot be calculated. Calculate the rate of weight loss per unit area. 2) 20% boiling hydrochloric acid (see Chapter 13) Because hydrochloric acid is an azeotropic boiling acid, its concentration in the liquid and vapor phases is the same, so liquid phase testing is not required. Violent boiling makes the condensate unable to produce the inhibitory effect, and the erosion amount is linearly related to the test time. Therefore, the test results are The results can be expressed by the weight loss rate per unit area (weight loss per unit area and unit time) and the erosion rate (mm/a). d) In the liquid phase test conducted under high temperature and high pressure conditions (see GB/T 9989.5-2015), the acidic solution has a severe erosion effect on the enamel. To avoid inhibition, the test time was limited to 24 h, and the acid erosion rate of the enamel surface was relatively high (simulating the chemical The corrosion amount is linearly related to the test time. Therefore, 20% hydrochloric acid (see GB/T 9989.5- 2015 Chapter 8), simulated solution (see GB/T 9989.5-2015 Chapter 10) or process fluid (see GB/T 9989.5-2015 The test results of the test (Chapter 11) can be expressed in terms of the rate of weight loss per unit area (weight loss per unit area and per unit time). e) In boiling water (see Chapter 14), the silicate network is very stable. The enamel surface is mainly permeable, and the silica In the liquid phase, for highly resistant enamel, its corrosion resistance is relatively strong, and this type of corrosion can be treated by gas phase corrosion. However, if the chemical stability of the enamel under test is relatively poor, the alkali metal ions precipitated on the surface of the enamel can increase the pH increases the erosion of the liquid phase, so useful information can be obtained from both the liquid and gas phases. f) Since it is impossible to determine whether the erosion is linear or nonlinear, the test results can only be expressed as weight loss per unit area, and the test results should be given. Test time. g) For the test of standard solution with a test time of 24h or 168h (see Chapter 10 of GB/T 9989.3-2025), Determine if the erosion curve is linear so that the erosion rate calculation is not included in the test report. h) For other acidic solutions (see Chapter 16) and other alkaline solutions (see Chapters 11 and ISO 28706-4.2016 Chapter 11), because it is not certain whether the erosion rate is linear during the test, so Erosion rate calculations are not included in the report. The test parameters (medium, temperature and time) of this document are not applicable to enamel materials with a firing temperature below 700°C. (e.g. aluminium enamel) other media, temperatures and/or times should be used. These tests may be based on Parts 1 to 4 of GB/T 9989. The method described in "Other test solutions" was used. Determination of resistance of enamel to chemical attack Part 2.Resistance to boiling acid, boiling neutral liquid, Determination of chemical corrosion by alkaline liquids and their vapors Warning. People who use this document should have formal laboratory work experience. This document does not indicate all possible safety issues. Users are responsible for taking appropriate safety and health measures and ensuring compliance with relevant national laws and regulations.

1 Scope

This document describes test methods for testing the resistance of porcelain enamels to chemical attack by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and their vapors. This method allows the simultaneous determination of the chemical stability of enamel materials against corrosion by liquid and gaseous media. This document is applicable to testing the resistance of enamel products and porcelain glaze layers to chemical attack by boiling acids, boiling neutral liquids, alkaline liquids and their vapors. performance.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document. For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to This document. GB/T 6031 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness (10 IRHD to 100 IRHD) (GB/T 6031-2017, ISO 48.2010, IDT) GB/T 6579 Laboratory glassware - Test method for thermal shock and thermal shock strength (GB/T 6579-2007, ISO 718. 1990, IDT) GB/T 6682 Specifications and test methods for water used in analytical laboratories (GB/T 6682-2008, ISO 3696.1987, MOD) GB/T 12804 Laboratory Glassware - Graduated Cylinders (GB/T 12804-2011, ISO 4788.2005, NEQ) GB/T 28212 Laboratory Glassware Condensers (GB/T 28212-2011, ISO 4799.1978, NEQ) GB/T 348433.3 Borosilicate Glass Properties (GB/T 34843-2017, ISO 3585.1998, MOD) GB/T 38166 Preparation of specimens for steel, aluminum and cast iron enamels (GB/T 38166-2019, ISO 28764.2015, MOD)

3 Terms and Definitions

There are no terms or definitions that require definition in this document. 4 Principles Under specified conditions, a group of enamel samples are placed in the liquid phase area and/or gas phase area of the test device as needed to make the test surface be subjected to boiling water. Corrosion by bubbling acid and/or its vapor, boiling neutral liquid and/or its vapor, alkaline liquid. The same test apparatus and the same test principle can be used for different solutions. Calculate the rate of weight loss per unit area by measuring the weight loss. If necessary, calculate the erosion rate.

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