GB/T 9453: Evolution and historical versions
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Terminology for forging dies
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GB/T 9453-2008
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| GB/T 9453-1988 | English | 759 |
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Terminology of forging dies and elements
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 9453-2008 (GB/T9453-2008) | | Description (Translated English) | Terminology for forging dies | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J46 | | Classification of International Standard | 25.130.30 | | Word Count Estimation | 28,217 | | Date of Issue | 2008-06-06 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-01-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 9453-1988 | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2008 No.9 (Total No.122) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard provides common terms forging die. This standard applies to die understanding and use of common terms. | GB/T 9453-2008: Terminology for forging dies---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Terminology for forging dies
ICS 25.130.30
J46
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 9453-1988
Forging die terms
2008-06-06 released
Implementation of.2009-01-01
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Issued by China National Standardization Administration
Forging die terms
1 scope
This standard specifies commonly used terms for forging dies.
This standard applies to the understanding and use of commonly used terms for forging dies.
2 Classification of forging dies
2.1
The die used to shape the blank during forging.
2.2
A die used to shape the blank when forging (hot forging) above the metal recrystallization temperature.
2.3
A die used to shape the blank during forging (warm forging) in the range of above room temperature and below the metal recrystallization temperature.
2.4
A die used to shape the blank during forging (cold forging) at room temperature.
2.5
The die used to shape the blank during forging (isothermal forging) under the condition that the temperature remains constant during the whole process of metal forming.
2.6
On the die forging hammer, the blank is formed into a die for die forging or its semi-finished product.
2.7
Machine Forging Die
The blank is formed into a die for forging or its semi-finished product on a mechanical press.
2.8
On the flat forging machine, the blank is formed into a die for forging or its semi-finished product.
2.9
The fan-shaped die used for roll forging the blank on the roll forging machine.
2.10
The basic forming tool for cross wedge rolling is generally composed of a wedge section, a forming section, a finishing section, an unloading section and a cutting section.
2.11
On the screw press, the blank is formed into a die for forging or its semi-finished product.
2.12
On the cold heading machine, the blank is cut, preformed, and formed into a mold for cold formed parts.
2.13
The blank is cut and preformed on the hot forging machine and formed into a mold for the thermoformed part.
2.14
Used to correct the formed forgings to improve their shape and dimensional accuracy.
2.15
A mold that deforms the surface of a forging to produce embossed patterns.
2.16
Die for cutting off forging flash.
2.17
A die that cuts the inner skin of the hole to make the forging have a through hole.
2.18
A die used to extrude metal.
2.19
Die for forging net shape or near net shape forgings.
2.20
A small amount of compression for forgings to improve the local or overall dimensional accuracy of forgings.
2.21
A mold that can apply pressure to the metal blank separately or simultaneously from the vertical and horizontal (or inclined) directions, so that the blank can be formed in multiple directions.
2.22
The die used for closed die forging (no flash die forging).
2.23
Used to block the forging die, the die cavity with the outer contour shape of the forging is closed first, and then the punch is pressed into the die cavity to fill the metal
The die cavity simultaneously forms the forging hole.
2.24
Die used when forging forgings on free forging equipment.
3 Forging die composition and structure (including subdivision by category)
3.1 General part
3.1.1
During die forging, the die body that bears all the forging force of a certain deformation step and has a working part is generally divided into an upper die and a lower die.
3.1.2
The complex or vulnerable parts of the forging die are separately processed and manufactured, and then the parts of the module are inserted.
3.1.3
The grooves arranged on the parting surface along the periphery of the mold cavity to ensure that the cavity is filled and contain the excess material generated during the forming process are composed of a flash bridge and a flash bin.
3.1.4
The gap surface in the flash groove closely connected to the die cavity, excess metal is extruded across the gap surface to form flash, which can generate resistance to fill the die cavity with metal.
3.1.5
The groove around the outer circumference of the flash bridge is used to accommodate excess metal material.
3.1.6
A small groove is locally set at the flash bridge or the outer edge of the cavity where it is difficult to fill up, which is perpendicular to the metal flow direction to increase the flow resistance in the horizontal direction.
To facilitate the flow of metal to the cavity that is difficult to fill.
3.1.7
Small holes are opened on the forging die to remove the air trapped in the cavity during forging.
3.1.8
It is a cylindrical part that cooperates with the guide sleeve (or hole) to determine the relative position of the moving part of the mold and ensure the accuracy of the movement guidance.
3.1.9
A cylindrical part that cooperates with the guide post to determine the relative position of the moving part of the mold and ensure the accuracy of the movement guide.
3.1.10
In order to improve the life of parts such as guide bushes or improve the friction conditions, cylindrical parts that function as gaskets are provided.
3.1.11
The flat plate added between the mold support surface and the mold base bears and disperses the processing load on the mold.
3.1.12
The parts of the moving or static part of the mold are installed on a moving or static mold base, which is called a mold base, which is divided into an upper mold base and a lower mold base.
3.1.13
In addition to the parts that directly play the role of forming, it is a combination of guiding devices and upper and lower mold seats.
3.1.14
A rod-shaped part ejected from a die.
3.1.15
In order to obtain a certain shape and size of the forged metal, a shaped groove is machined on the module.
3.1.16
The interface between upper and lower molds or convex and concave molds. The parting surface can be flat or curved.
3.1.17
Die cavity used in the pre-forging process.
3.1.18
The shape and size of the die cavity used for final forming during die forging is the same as the corresponding part on the hot forged part.
3.1.19
A positioning part used to fix the position of mold inserts and other parts.
3.1.20
Grooves machined on the mold base or backing plate to hold the positioning keys.
3.2 Hammer forging die part
3.2.1
According to the deformation requirements of forgings, the die cavity that reasonably allocates the volume of the blank can be divided into upsetting table, flattening table, drawing die cavity, rolling die cavity, and card
Compression mold cavity, bending mold cavity, etc.
3.2.1.1
The platform set locally on the forging die for upsetting the blank also has the function of removing the oxide scale of the blank.
3.2.1.2
In order to flatten the blank, a rectangular platform is set in the forging die, which has the function of removing the oxide scale of the blank.
3.2.1.3
Increase the length of a certain part of the blank to reduce the cross section of the cavity.
3.2.1.4
Used to reduce the cross-sectional area of one part of the blank to increase the area of the other part, so that the volume distribution of the blank meets the axial distribution requirements of the forging
When the blank is formed in the cavity, it is repeatedly turned over 90°.
3.2.1.5
Shoulder cavity
The local height of the blank is slightly reduced, and the width is increased, and the head gets a small amount of material-gathering die cavity, and the blank is only hammered once in the die cavity.
3.2.1.6
Bending the blank into a cavity similar to the horizontal projection shape of the forging is called a bending cavity. The blank should be turned over 90° and placed in the next cavity
Go in.
3.2.2
To make the blank obtain a die cavity close to or completely consistent with the shape of the forging, it can be divided into a pre-forging die cavity and a final forging die cavity.
3.2.3
When forging multiple pieces with one material, the die cavity that separates the forged pieces that have been forged.
3.2.4
A part of the pre-forging die cavity used to split the fork metal to facilitate the final forging.
3.2.5
In order to facilitate the clamping of the forging blank and take out the forging, a cavity is provided at the exit of the die cavity.
3.2.6
The groove between the jaw and the die cavity can not only be used as an injection port for pouring lead or metal salt, but also increase the rigidity of the connection between the forging and the jaw.
It is helpful for the forging to exit the mold.
3.2.7
When multiple pieces are forged at the same time, it is a pouring channel opened between the two final forging dies for pouring lead or metal salt.
3.2.8
The part of the forging die that is connected to the hammer or anvil with a wedge iron.
3.2.9
The two sides that are perpendicular to each other are machined on the forging die, which is the benchmark for the scoring of the die cavity and the benchmark for the upper and lower molds.
3.2.10
The contact surface of the upper and lower forging dies.
3.2.11
In order to prevent the forging hammer from shifting when it strikes, the convex and concave bosses and bumps that are processed in the upper and lower dies are matched.
3.2.111.1
When die forging has a bending axis in the direction of the impact force, it is a lock set to balance the horizontal force.
3.2.111.2
Locks set on both sides of the module.
3.2.111.3
Locks set at the corners of the module.
3.3 Machine forging die part
3.3.1
The module to complete the upsetting process step.
3.3.2
It is a module with a clamping die cavity to complete the clamping and pressing steps.
3.3.3
The module to complete the process of flattening billet.
3.3.4
A module with a bending die cavity to complete the bending blank making process.
3.3.5
A module with a pre-forging die cavity to complete the pre-forging step.
3.3.6
A module with a final forging die cavity to complete the final forging step.
3.3.7
A device to ensure that the upper and lower molds are aligned with each other when working. The guide device of the forging die is generally composed of guide posts, guide sleeves and other parts.
3.3.8
A device used to fix modules or other parts on the upper and lower mold bases.
3.3.8.1
A type of fastening parts used to fasten modules and other parts to the mold base. There are inclined pressure plates and straight pressure plates.
3.3.8.2
The positioning reference plane behind the mold base is called the rear positioning plane.
3.3.8.3
The lateral positioning reference surface of the mold base is called the side positioning surface.
3.3.9
The mechanism for ejecting the forging from the die.
3.3.9.1
The action of the ejector rod of the press is evenly transmitted to the lever on the ejector of the forging.
3.3.9.2
It is an ejector lever that can push multiple forging ejectors at the same time.
3.3.9.3
The ring-shaped parts with ejector function are used for ejecting the rotary body forgings.
3.3.9.4
The action of the ejector rod of the press is transmitted to the plate-shaped parts of each ejector.
3.4 Flat forging die part
3.4.1
The punch is clamped and fixed into a whole to make it move with the main slider of the flat forging machine. There are integral punches and combined punches.
3.4.2
The connecting handle that extends and fixes the punch to the punch body can simplify the manufacture of the punch and save mold steel.
3.4.3
Connect the die inserts and the processed cavities into a combined module that can be opened and closed. It consists of a static die body and a movable die body.
The one is installed in the special slot of the machine base, and the latter is installed in the movable part of the equipment.
3.4.4
Partially replaceable splicing inserts on the combined punch are made of different materials from the punch body to increase the life of the punch and save valuables
material.
3.4.5
The concave module is mostly made into a semi-cylindrical body, and some are made into a cube. The cavity on the cavity can be made of inserts in whole or in part.
The connection method adopts screw fastening.
3.4.6
Gather die
The local cross-sectional area of the blank is increased to obtain the most thick die cavity of the forging.
3.4.7
Punch the impermeable blank into the cavity of the perforated blank.
3.4.8
Cut the die cavity of the forging flash.
3.4.9
The die cavity that cuts the forging or process head from the bar.
3.4.10
Clamp the blank locally to prevent the blank from moving when the punch is pressurized and affecting the forming. The clamping cavity can be smooth or embossed, or
Used in combination with card fine inserts.
3.4.11
Use the movable die to clamp the thin die cavity between the bar material and the formed forging.
3.4.12
The punch is used to expand the inner hole and outer diameter of the bar or hollow blank.
3.4.13
A die cavity for upsetting the hollow tube blank to increase its cross-sectional area and decrease its length or height.
3.4.14
An auxiliary device that is in contact with the rear end of the bar to ensure the correct positioning of the bar.
3.5 Roll forging die part
3.5.1
The groove for distributing the metal volume of the blank along its length direction can be a die forging blank.
3.5.2
To obtain a roll forging groove close to the shape of the forging, its function is equivalent to the pre-forging die cavity of a hammer forging die.
3.5.3
The grooves that make the parts obtain the final shape of the hot roll forgings can be divided into open grooves, closed grooves, and combined open and closed grooves.
3.5.4
The side surface of the processed roll forging groove is a fan-shaped module, and its inner diameter is the same as that of the roll, and the outer diameter is the parting surface. Generally, it is fixed with iron and screws.
Set on the rolls of the roll forging machine.
3.5.5
Combination series of grooves required to obtain roll forgings of a certain shape.
3.6 Cold heading part
3.6.1
A cylindrical part press-fitted on the outside of the punch.
3.6.2
The insert pressed inside the punch is the main working part of the punch.
3.6.3
A cylindrical part that is press-fitted in the punch sleeve and located behind the punch core.
3.6.4
In the punch holder of the machine tool, the cylindrical part behind the entire punch.
3.6.5
A pin used to push out the blank is installed on the punch.
3.6.6
The supporting part at the bottom of the die.
3.6.7
A cylindrical part that is press-fitted on the outside of the cavity for reinforcement.
3.6.8
A die insert with a cavity that is pressed into a die sleeve.
3.6.9
The part that ejects the blank set in the die.
3.6.10
Upsetting the blank into a hexagonal mold.
3.6.11
The diameter of the blank is reduced, and it is used to obtain a mold for the rod of the workpiece with an accurate size.
3.6.12
Used for molds with small deformation but can improve the dimensional and shape accuracy of cold-headed parts.
3.6.13
Upsetting the blank into a mold of the desired shape.
3.6.14
Upsetting the blank into a barrel or spherical mold.
3.6.15
Die for initial upsetting of blanks.
3.6.16
A die for the final upsetting of the blank.
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