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GB/T 7247.13-2018: Safety of laser products -- Part 13: Measurements for classification of laser products
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 7247.13-2018 (GB/T7247.13-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Safety of laser products -- Part 13: Measurements for classification of laser products | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | L51 | | Classification of International Standard | 31.260 | | Word Count Estimation | 54,548 | | Date of Issue | 2018-07-13 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-02-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 7247.13-2018: Safety of laser products -- Part 13: Measurements for classification of laser products
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Safety of laser products--Part 13. Measurements for classification of laser products
ICS 31.260
L51
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 7247.13-2013
Laser product safety
Part 13. Classification measurement of laser products
Part 13. Measurementsforclassificationoflaserproducts
(IEC TR60825-13.2011, IDT)
Published on.2018-07-13
Implementation of.2019-02-01
State market supervision and administration
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Applicability 2
4.1 General requirements 2
4.2 Initial conditions 2
5 Instrument Requirements 4
6 Classification Process 4
7 Calculate the parameters of the reachable emission limit 6
7.1 Wavelength (λ) 6
7.2 Multi-wavelength light source 8
7.3 Wide spectrum light source 9
7.4 Light source time characteristics 10
7.5 Opposite angle (α) 12
7.6 Launch duration 21
7.7 Measurement conditions 21
7.8 Scanning beam 25
Appendix A (informative) Example 31
Appendix B (informative) Common conversion 46
Reference 47
Figure 1 CB continuous wave laser classification flow chart 5
Figure 2 pulse laser classification flow chart 6
Figure 3 Important wavelength and wavelength range 7
Figure 4 Pulse duration definition 11
Figure 5 Flat-top pulse and irregular pulse 12
Figure 6 object angle example 13
Figure 7 Gaussian beam waist position 14
Figure 8 shows the sightseeing source measurement diagram 16
Figure 9 linear array table sightseeing source size 18
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of light source measurement 19
Figure 11 Effective opposite angle of a simple non-circular light source 21
Figure 12. Static table outside the apex of the scanning beam. Sightseeing source imagery Figure 26
Figure 13 Scanning table outside the apex of the scanning beam Sightseeing source image Figure 26
Figure 14 Scanning mirror 30 with arbitrary scan angle multiplication factor
Figure A.1 The distance from the apex of the scan is C6=1 when multiple grating lines pass through the measurement aperture 35
Table 1 Reference point 13
Table 2 Four light source array 19
Table A.1 Example of Number of Light Sources 44
Table A.2 Example of Number of Light Sources 45
Foreword
"Safety of Laser Products" is divided into the following sections.
--- Part 1. Equipment classification, requirements;
--- Part 2. Security of Optical Fiber Communication Systems (OFCS);
--- Part 3. Laser display and performance guide;
--- Part 4. Laser shield;
--- Part 5. Producer checklist for GB 7247.1;
--- Part 8. Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment;
---Part 9. Maximum allowable exposure to incoherent light radiation;
--- Part 12. Security of free-space optical communication systems for information transmission;
--- Part 13. Classification measurement of laser products;
--- Part 14. User Guide;
--- Part 17. Safety in the use of passive optics and fiber optic cables in high power fiber optic communication systems.
This part is the 13th part of "Safety of Laser Products".
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 7247.13-2013 "Safety of laser products - Part 13. Classification measurement of laser products".
The main technical differences between this part and GB/T 7247.13-2013 are as follows.
--- Added the definition of ultrashort pulse lasers (see 3.13);
---Modified the classification process (see Chapter 6, Chapter 6 of the.2013 edition);
--- Revised the content of the table sightseeing source (see 7.5.1, 7.5 of the.2013 edition);
--- Modified the content of the scanning laser (see 7.4.3.2, 7.4.2.1 of the.2013 edition);
--- Added method for determining the angle of incidence of any source (see 7.5.3.4);
--- Increased the measurement conditions for hazard assessment (see 7.7.3);
--- Increased the content of the scan angle multiplication factor (see 7.8.9);
--- Modified Appendix A, added examples (see Appendix A, Appendix A of the.2013 edition);
--- Added Appendix B. Common Conversions (see Appendix B).
This section uses the translation method equivalent to IEC TR60825-13.2011 "Safety of laser products - Part 13. Laser products
Class measurement.
This section has made the following editorial changes.
---Modified the definition of ultrashort pulse laser in the original text, by the original text "capable to emit pulses shorter than 100fs and contains considerable
The spectral composition of the laser. "" changed to "laser capable of emitting pulses shorter than 100 ps and containing considerable spectral components"
Device. " (see 3.13);
--- Added "Note. For ultrashort pulses, use other suitable instruments to measure" (see 7.6.2).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This part was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Optical Radiation Safety and Laser Equipment (SAC/TC284).
This section drafted by. Beijing Tairuite Testing Technology Services Co., Ltd. (National Broadcasting and Television Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center),
Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, China Institute of Metrology, Shenzhen Dazu Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan
Huagong Laser Engineering Co., Ltd. and the 11th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation.
The main drafters of this section. Liu Zhigang, Gao Hongwei, Wu Aiping, Sun Dianzhong, Chen Hong, Deng Yuqiang, Lu Feixing, Zhou Xiaozhuang, Li Ting, Zeng Lixia,
Yan Yan.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are.
---GB/T 7247.13-2013.
Laser product safety
Part 13. Classification measurement of laser products
1 Scope
This part of the Safety of Laser Products provides radiation measurement or analysis for manufacturers, testing organizations, safety personnel and others.
The practical guidance is based on the measurement and analysis method of laser energy emission level established in GB 7247.1-2012. The test described in this section
The volume program is intended as a guide for the classification of laser products. It is acceptable if other programs are better or more suitable.
This section provides information for calculating the reachable emission limits (AELs) and maximum allowable exposures (MPEs) due to the calculation of these limits.
Some parameters also depend on other measurements.
This section applies to lasers, including extended sources and laser arrays. Users of this section should pay attention to the relatively stricter method,
The procedures for observing conditions for expanding light sources in this section may produce more conservative results.
Note. The assessment of more complex light sources continues and will be agreed as an internationally accepted approach.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 7247.1-2012 Safety of laser products - Part 1. Equipment classification, requirements (IEC 60825-1..2007, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB 7247.1-2012 apply to this document.
3.1
Angular velocity angularvelocity
The speed of the scanned beam, in radians/second.
3.2
Beam profile beamprofile
Radiation distribution of the beam cross section.
3.3
Beam beam waist beamwaist
The minimum diameter of an axisymmetric beam.
Note. For non-axisymmetric beams, there may be a beam waist at different distances from the source along each spindle.
3.4
Charge coupled device charge-coupleddevice
CCD
Self-scanning semiconductor imaging devices utilizing metal oxide semiconductor technology (MOS), surface storage, and information conversion.
3.5
Critical frequency
Used to discriminate the pulsed laser repetition frequency for continuous wave (CW) models during laser hazard assessment. Repeat frequency is higher than this frequency
At the time of the rate, the pulsed laser can be processed in a continuous wave (CW) model.
3.6
Gaussian beam profile Gaussianbeamprofile
The contour of the laser beam when operating in the lowest order transverse mode (TEM00).
Note. The Gaussian beam profile may also be obtained by a non-TEM00 laser beam passing through the beam shaping optics.
3.7
Measuring aperture measurementaperture
The aperture used to classify the laser to determine the power or energy of the AEL laser relative to each class.
3.8
Pulse repetition frequency pulserepetitionfrequency
PRF
The number of pulses generated per second, in Hertz (Hz).
3.9
Q switch Q-switch
A device that produces narrow pulse width, high peak power laser pulses by enhancing the performance of the laser medium for storing and releasing energy.
3.10
Q-switched laser Q-switchedlaser
A high-power, short-pulse laser is produced using a Q-switch.
3.11
Rayleigh Distance Rayleighdistance
Zr
In the direction of beam propagation, from beam waist to beam diameter or beam width increases to twice the distance of the beam waist.
Note. Rayleigh distance is often referred to as the 1/2 confocal parameter.
3.12
Responsiveness
The ratio of the output of the detector expressed in R=O/I to the corresponding input, O is the electrical output of the detector, and I is the optical power or energy.
Input.
3.13
Ultrashort pulse laser ultrashortpulselaser
A laser capable of emitting pulses shorter than 100 ps and containing a relatively large spectral component.
4 Applicability
4.1 General requirements
This section applies to (but not limited to) manufacturers, test laboratories, safety staff, and industry or government agency officials.
Pieces. This section also contains standard explanations of measurement items and provides additional explanatory material.
4.2 Initial conditions
The laser should be determined first before performing a radiation measurement to determine the product classification or other applicable requirements of GB 7247.1-2012.
Several parameters of the device.
a) emission wavelength (s)
The laser may emit one or more different wavelengths of laser radiation.
The emission wavelength, multiple wavelengths, or spectral distribution can generally be obtained from the manufacturer of the laser. Depending on the type of laser, the manufacturer
You can specify a wavelength range instead of a single wavelength value, or determine the emission wavelength or spectral distribution by measurement, but this is beyond
The scope of this section. Multi-wavelength (AEL) evaluation is given in 7.1.
b) way of working
The mode of operation refers to the time characteristic of energy emission. Some lasers emit continuous wave (CW) radiation, others use pulse
The radiation emits energy. Pulsed lasers can be single pulse, repetitive pulse, Q-switched, and mode-locked. Interconnected at a fixed location
The continuous wave radiation is scanned or modulated to produce a pulse train.
In addition, there must be an average duty cycle when encoding the pulse train (the ratio of the light exit time to the working time, in decimal decimal or hundred
The ratio is expressed).
c) Reasonably foreseeable single fault conditions
GB 7247.1-2012 specifies that the test should be carried out under each reasonably foreseeable single fault condition. The manufacturer has a responsibility
Under no circumstances can the radiation reach the AEL of the specified category.
d) Measurement uncertainty
It is important to consider potential sources of error when measuring laser radiation. Chapter 5 describes measurement uncertainty.
e) accompanying radiation (see definition of accompanying radiation in GB 7247.1-2012)
The accompanying radiation entering the measurement aperture may affect the measurement of laser power or energy and pulse duration, and the tester should
The measurement device can block the accompanying radiation entering the detector or consider the effects of the accompanying radiation.
f) Product configuration
If the purpose of the measurement is to classify, all controls and settings listed in the Operation, Maintenance and Maintenance Manual are combined and adjusted.
To produce the highest level of radiation that can be contacted. Measurements also require the use of accessories that may increase the risk of radiation (eg optical calibration)
These accessories are supplied by the manufacturer of the laser product or specified for the complete product.
Note. This includes any configuration of the product, which may be obtained without the use of tools, or for violation of the warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Guide to include controls and settings.
The interlock switch has failed. For example, when an optical component such as a filter, diffuser, or lens can be moved in the optical path of the laser beam without tools
When walking, product testing is performed in configurations that result in the highest level of hazard. Do not remove the warning of the optics in the instructions provided by the manufacturer
Cannot be used to prove that the classification is lower. Classification is based on the engineer's design of the product, not based on the user's appropriate behavior.
If the measurement is to determine the requirements for safety interlocks, tags and user information, it should be applied to each one in accordance with GB 7247.1-2012.
Evaluate the product under the configuration of the specified usage category (operation, maintenance, and repair).
IEC /TC76 recognizes the existence of an equivalent measurement procedure and the results obtained are as valid as the results of the procedures described in this section. Need to measure
The measurement procedures described in this section are sufficient to meet the measurement requirements of GB 7247.1-2012. In many cases, you may not need the actual
Optical radiation measurement can be determined by the analysis of the accurately identified light source and the design of the actual product to comply with GB 7247.1-2012
Requirements.
Where applicable, the measurement of the level of contact radiation should be in a position that is accessible to humans during operation and maintenance. (for example, if you can
It may be necessary to remove part of the shield or disconnect the safety interlock, in which the measuring point should be accessible. ) therefore, in some
In the case of a single fault condition that is reasonably foreseeable, it may be necessary to disassemble the product at the specified measurement location.
the amount. When a final laser product contains other laser products or systems, the final laser is in accordance with GB 7247.1-2012.
product.
When measuring, the position and orientation of the measuring instrument detector should be oriented to the laser product to ensure maximum radiation is detected. Motion detector
Or change the angle to get the maximum reading on the meter. Appropriate measures should be taken to avoid or eliminate the effects of accompanying radiation in the measurement.
For example, it is necessary to keep a certain distance from the output of the laser system to avoid measurements from flash or pump diode/laser II
The effect of pole tube radiation on the measurement data. As another example, a linear filter can be used to filter out the accompanying radiation.
5 Instrument requirements
The measuring instrument used should be in accordance with IEC 61040. Which type of instrument is used (measurement uncertainty is approximated in Class 1 and Class 20)
Between) depends on the required accuracy requirements.
When the instrument used does not fully comply with the requirements of IEC 61040, the effect of different error sources on the total measurement uncertainty should be evaluated separately.
The points to be considered are given in IEC 61040.
---Responsiveness changes with time;
--- Non-uniformity of detector surface responsiveness;
---Responsiveness changes during the irradiation;
---Responsivity changes with temperature;
---Responsivity as a function of the angle of incidence;
---Nonlinear;
---Responsivity changes with wavelength;
---Responsivity changes with polarization;
--- the average error of repeated pulse radiation over time;
---Zero drift;
--- Calibration uncertainty.
Calibration should be traceable to national benchmarks.
Tests to determine the measurement uncertainty of the instrument shall be made in accordance with IEC 61040.
The measurement uncertainty of CCD arrays and cameras is given in ISO 11146-3.
6 Classification process
The calculation of AEL and measurement conditions can be performed based on known or measured parameters of the product. In addition, fault conditions that increase risk should be analyzed.
The emission measurement of the product (or several different measurements) will then determine if the emission is within the expected AEL category.
Table 4 to Table 9 of GB 7247.1-2012 provide the reachable emission limit. The wavelength range of behavior of these tables, listed as the duration of the launch
In each cell corresponding to each row and column, there is one or more formulas, which are defined in Table 10 of GB 7247.1-2012.
Parameters.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the classification process. The initial method was to use the default (simple) evaluation of 9.3.2 in GB 7247.1-2012.
If you do not know the size of the source of the radiometer, it is conservative to assume that the emitted beam is emitted from the point source C6=1. If you think that production
The output of the product is generated by an extended source and is in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1400 nm, and does not accept a simplified classification review.
In addition, another more complex evaluation method can be used to determine the classification. For the photochemical hazard of visible light, it is necessary to consider the opposite angle α and so on.
With the addition of parameters, the opposite angle α is a function of the distance and the measured acceptance angle γp.
First, it is determined whether the laser is a pulse wave or a continuous wave. If the pulse duration is greater than 0.25 s, the laser is considered to be a continuous wave. for
The continuous wave laser is referred to the flowchart in Fig. 1, and for the pulsed laser, the flow chart in Fig. 2 is referred to.
Then, the wavelength should be determined.
If the laser is pulsed or scanned, the pulse width (PW) and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) should be determined.
Determine which category or classes of lasers belong to. For example, for low power applications that are not in the 400nm to 700nm range, consider
Class 1, Class 1M and Class 3R. For visible wavelength sources, Class 1, Class 1M, Class 2, Class 2M and Class 3R can be considered.
Second, the time base for the classification should be determined. This can be determined according to the default value [8.3e) in GB 7247.1-2012, or from T2
The definition of the parameters (Table 10 in GB 7247.1-2012) is determined or determined by considering the product-specific time output characteristics.
From the above information, you can find the rows and columns of Tables 4 to 9 that contain the applicable formula in GB 7247.1-2012, thereby determining the AEL.
Limit.
Next, the measurement conditions should be determined (9.3 and Table 11 in GB 7247.1-2012). For pulsed lasers, GB 7247.1-2012 should be evaluated
The conditions given in 8.3f) to ensure that all conditions are within the AEL.
Once the AEL is determined, this evaluation can be performed on the output data. The output data can be provided by the manufacturer or directly.
If the output data is provided by the manufacturer, it should be verified that the test method complies with the provisions of Chapter 9 of GB 7247.1-2012. If it can reach
The shot is less than AEL and this laser can be assigned to this category. For a pulsed laser, this type of AEL applies to all within the time base
The duration of the launch.
If the reachable emission is not less than AEL, a higher level of AEL should be selected for evaluation. Repeat this step until the reachable emission does not exceed
AEL or laser products are designated as 4 categories.
The system shall be evaluated in accordance with GB 7247.1-2012 to ensure that a reasonably foreseeable single failure does not result in a laser emitting spoke.
Shoots AELs that exceed the specified category. If this criterion is met, the classification of the laser can be known.
Figure 1 Flow chart of continuous wave laser classification
Figure 2 Pulse laser classification flow chart
Note 1. If a product is designated as a class, more than one condition may be met. For example, a certain type of product suitable for use in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 600 nm
The product can neither exceed the thermal limit nor exceed the photochemical limit (each has its own measurement conditions). Similarly, if a product is pulsed
Out, the three limit values (single pulse, pulse train and average power) cannot be exceeded.
Note 2. If an extended source is used, the distance between the AEL and the source is a function, and the most unfavorable measurement distance is used for classification.
Note 3. If the requirements of Category 1 or Category 2 are not met, the requirements for Class 1M or Class 2M should be used to evaluate the emission category of the product. If the product launch meets
Class 1 or Class 2 requirements do not have to meet the requirements of Class 3R.
7 Calculate the parameters of the reachable emission limit
7.1 wavelength (λ)
7.1.1 Determining the wavelength
Determining the wavelength generally does not require very high precision, and usually the photobiological hazard does not change much with wavelength. Here are a few exceptions (see
image 3).
a) 302.5nm~315nm. Within this range, the parameters T1 and C2 change significantly;
b) 450nm~600nm. within this range, the photochemical hazard is reduced by 1000 times;
c) 1150nm~1200nm. within this range, the thermal hazard is reduced by 8 times;
d) 400nm. a wavelength greater than 400nm, mainly a hazard to the retina, less than this wavelength, mainly a non-retinal hazard;
e) 1400nm. wavelengths greater than 1400nm are mainly non-retinal hazards, less than this wavelength, mainly for the retina
harm.
Figure 3 Important wavelengths and wavelength ranges
For narrowband lasers (or single-wavelength lasers), manufacturers only need to provide wavelengths, and the rest of 7.1 and 7.2 and 7.3 are not considered.
If the possible wavelength range (different between different products) accounts for a large proportion of the wavelength range specified in a), b) or c) above,
Judging by the most dangerous (shortest) wavelength, it can also be judged by the measured wavelength of a given product.
Within the scope of a), b) or c), a piecewise summation may be required to determine the limit values at each wavelength and the weight of each output wavelength.
7.2.2 and 7.3 are discussed in detail.
Overlay hazard refers to the hazard that should be considered together. For example, less than 400 nm, or between 400 nm and 1400 nm, or greater than 1400 nm
Multi-wavelength radiation is a superimposed hazard. For broad-spectrum or multi-wavelength radiation in each region, the hazard is superimposed and should be in accordance with GB 7247.1-2012
Sectional summation is performed as described in 8.3b). If the product emits multiple laser wavelengths in the above two ranges (eg, 700 nm and 1500 nm),
It is then appropriate to evaluate each wavelength separately for the corresponding AEL. When categorizing the product, choose a higher level.
For possible output wavelengths or output spectra containing lasers greater than 1400 nm and/or less than 400 nm, it is advisable to do AEL
Special considerations. The hazards at the ends of the boundary wavelength are different and the effects are different. In order to classify it, within each spectral range
Power or energy should not exceed the corresponding AEL.
The measurement and determination of wavelength parameters is the basis of laser hazard assessment and safety classification. The determination of wavelength determines which type of work is used.
Rate meter or energy meter. Some radiometer detection elements are very sensitive in the visible and near-infrared, but in the far infrared and ultraviolet bands.
No response, and vice versa. Furthermore, the illumination l...
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