GB/T 50731: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB/T 50731-2019 | English | RFQ |
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3 days [Need to translate]
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Standard for terminology of building materials engineering
| Valid |
GB/T 50731-2019
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| GB/T 50731-2011 | English | RFQ |
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10 days [Need to translate]
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Standard for terminology of building materials projects
| Obsolete |
GB/T 50731-2011
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PDF similar to GB/T 50731-2019
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 50731-2019 (GB/T50731-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Standard for terminology of building materials engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P74 | | Classification of International Standard | 81.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 103,137 | | Date of Issue | 2019 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB/T 50731-2019: Standard for terminology of building materials engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to unify the basic terms and definitions of building materials engineering construction and realize the standardization of professional terms.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the survey, design, construction and acceptance of professional engineering construction projects such as mining, cement, flat glass, building sanitary ceramics, wall and roof materials, stone, glass fiber, mineral wool, etc. in the building materials industry, maintenance, engineering supervision, engineering management, teaching, scientific research and other related fields.
1.0.3 The terminology of building material engineering shall not only comply with this standard, but also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 mining
2.1 Basic terms
2.1.1 Technical and economic evaluation of mineral resources
According to the existing mineral processing technical conditions and economic rationality, a comprehensive evaluation is carried out on the mineral product grade distribution interval, quality fluctuation law, and associated beneficial and harmful components.
2.1.2 mining condition
The geographical location, topography, resource geology, hydrogeology, climate conditions, engineering geology, environmental geology and other conditions of the mining deposit.
2.1.3 Comprehensive utilization of ore resources
It refers to the comprehensive development and rational utilization of low-grade minerals, paragenetic and associated minerals in the stages of mining, beneficiation and production.
2.1.4 Mine land reclamation land reclaiming
It refers to the remediation measures taken to restore the land damage caused by mining, occupation and geological disasters in the process of mine production, so as to restore it to a usable state.
2.1.5 mine recovery
It refers to the process of comprehensively treating the mine geological environment problems caused by mining activities by taking engineering, biological and other measures to stabilize the geological environment, restore the ecology, and beautify the landscape.
2.1.6 service life of mines
The number of years that the industrial reserves within the mine mining boundary can be produced (calculated based on design capacity).
2.1.7 tertiary ore reserves
The recoverable reserves of underground mines are delineated according to the mining steps and the degree of mining preparation, and are divided into development ore volume, mining prospecting volume and reserve mining volume.
2.1.8 secondary ore reserves
The recoverable reserves of open-pit mines are delineated according to the mining steps and the degree of mining preparations, which are divided into development ore volume and mineable volume.
2.1.9 Waste dump area
Concentrated stacking of mining infrastructure and the place where the stripping materials generated during the production period are piled up.
2.2 Mine Development and Mining Methods
2.2.1 Mining boundary
The boundary line of the mining range formed by the closure of the intersection line between the final mining slope and the surface of the mine.
2.2.2 mining schedule
In order to ensure the production capacity and stripping balance in mining, the overall arrangement of the space, quantity and quality of mining and stripping work in terms of time.
2.2.3 Stripping ratio
The ratio of the volume (or mass) of the stripping material to the volume (or mass) of the ore.
2.2.4 mine enclosure
A planar closed curve on the surface of an open pit mine.
2.2.5 side-hill surface quarry
An open-pit mine located above the closed circle of the stope depression.
2.2.6 open pit quarry
An open-pit mine located below the closed circle of the stope depression.
2.2.7 Development of quarry
Establish ore and rock transportation channels from the ground to the open-pit stope at each working level and between each working level, and establish transportation links between mining sites, ore receiving points, waste rock yards, and industrial sites.
2.2.8 Underground development
A series of roadways are excavated from the ground to access the ore body, and a complete system of lifting, transportation, ventilation, drainage and power supply is established.
2.2.9 Quarrying, extraction
The process of separating ore from an ore body.
2.2.10 Strip overburden stripping, overburden mining
The process of removing non-ore body material around the ore body in order to mine the ore body.
2.2.11 Stope quarry
Sites where mining and stripping operations take place.
2.2.12 Acceptance opening up
After the mine development is completed, the preparatory work for the establishment of the mining face.
2.2.13 underground mining
It refers to the process of extracting ore from the ore blocks of underground deposits through the development of ore deposits, the mining of ore blocks, cutting and mining.
2.2.14 caving mining method
With the caving of ore, the forced or natural caving of surrounding rock fills the goaf to control and manage the mining method of ground pressure.
2.2.15 filling mining method
With the advancement of the mining face, the filling material is sent to the goaf to control the ground pressure of the stope, the collapse of the surrounding rock and the movement of the ground surface.
2.2.16 stope mining method
In the mining unit, the roof of the goaf is mainly supported by the stability of the ore rock itself and the ore (rock) pillar. The main open-field mining methods are. full-scale mining method, room-and-pillar mining method, and ore-retaining mining method.
2.2.17 full-face mining method
It is used to comprehensively advance the mining face in panels or ore blocks with inclined or gently inclined ore bodies, and to leave ore pillars or artificially support mining methods where the roof of the stope is not stable.
2.2.18 room and pillar method
A mining method that divides back-mined ore blocks into mine rooms and ore pillars, leaving continuous ore pillars.
2.2.19 Shrinkage stopping
The back mining of the mine is carried out in layers from bottom to top, and part of the ore that collapses each time is released, and the rest is temporarily stored in the mine as a working platform for continuous mining, and is a mining method that is finally released after the mine is mined.
2.2.20 full-face excavating method
A mining method that excavates chambers and large-section roadways at one time.
2.2.21 bench face driving method
A method in which the large-section roadway or chamber excavation face advances in a step-like manner.
2.2.22 cyclical footage
The distance that the excavation face advances after completing a cycle.
2.3 Blasting engineering
2.3.1 Firing circuit
A system for delivering detonation information and energy to multiple priming charges.
2.3.2 Basic tight bottom
The unexploded ore body remaining at the bottom of the bench after blasting.
2.3.3 chassis resistance line toe burden
On the steps, the horizontal distance from the axis of the outer row of blastholes to the bottom line of the slope.
2.3.4 blasting protection blasting protection
A Protective Facility for Improving the Safety of Blasting Operations by Utilizing Cover
2.3.5 Chamber blasting
Concentrated or strip-shaped chambers are used to charge explosives and excavate rock and soil by blasting.
2.3.6 short-hole blasting
Blasting technology with blast hole diameter less than 50mm and depth less than 5m.
2.3.7 deep-hole blasting
Blasting technology with blast hole diameter greater than 50mm and depth greater than 5m.
2.3.8 presplitting blasting
Dense blastholes are arranged along the excavation boundary, uncoupled charges or low-power explosives are used to detonate before the main blast area, so as to form pre-cracks between the blast area and the reserved area to reduce the impact of main blast hole blasting on the retained rock mass. The blasting operation that destroys and forms a flat profile surface.
2.3.9 smooth blasting
Dense blastholes are arranged along the excavation boundary, uncoupled charges or low-power explosives are used to detonate after the main blast area to form a flat contour surface.
2.3.10 Extrusion blasting tight blasting
Blasting is carried out under the condition that the free face is covered with a certain thickness of loose ore rocks, so that the ore rocks are squeezed and further broken.
2.3.11 Static blasting static blasting
The method of expanding the ore rock by using the expansion agent.
2.3.12 minimum burden
The minimum distance between the center of the charge pack and the exposed free surface of the rock mass.
2.4 Shaft and roadway engineering
2.4.1 sinking and driving engineering
The general term for projects such as shafts, roadways, and chambers excavated underground for mining.
2.4.2 adit and winze engineering
Composed of chute, chamber, adit and ventilation roadway, etc., it is a general term for projects that directly slide ore from top to bottom by digging channels inside the mine, and then output them to the ground.
2.4.3 Adit adit
A horizontal roadway excavated in the ground to the ground.
2.4.4 Chute winze
The well shaft that relies on gravity to release ore.
2.4.5 Chamber
It is an independent space excavated underground for storing various materials or equipment, or for material crushing or material reloading.
2.4.6 chute
It is a trench built on the surface of the hillside of an open-pit mine, relying on gravity to slide ore.
2.4.7 air shaft
Shaft or inclined shaft mainly used for ventilation.
2.4.8 Inclined roadway
Excavation and construction of gently inclined roadways for the operation of trackless equipment and the installation of belt conveyors.
2.4.9 shaft shaft
Vertical passages dug for lifting, transportation, ventilation, drainage, power supply, etc.
2.4.10 Inclined well slope
Inclined channels excavated for lifting, transportation, ventilation, drainage, power supply, etc.
2.5 Mine Safety
2.5.1 blasting danger limit
After calculating the dangerous distance of individual flying objects, shock waves and seismic waves produced by blasting, the safety boundary is formed by the boundary line extrapolated from the mining boundary line.
2.5.2 safe mining depth safe mining depth
Under certain geological and mining conditions, the mining depth at which the surface protected objects will not be moved and damaged due to mining.
2.5.3 mine safety sign mine safety sign
Consisting of safety colors, geometric figures and symbolic figures, it is used to express the specific safety information of mines.
2.5.4 landslide slope slide
The phenomenon that rock mass and soil mass slide towards the free surface and fail.
2.5.5 reinforcement reinforcement
Engineering measures taken to ensure the stability of rock and soil structures.
2.5.6 Supporting
Reinforcement measures taken to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock and ensure the safety of the underground space.
2.5.7 Avoid refuge chamber
A chamber specially set up on the side of the roadway for people to avoid the hazards of driving or blasting operations.
2.5.8 Protective rock plug
In order to separate the mining area, mine shaft, aquifer, fire zone and fracture zone, some ore bodies that are not mined or temporarily not mined are left.
2.5.9 mine ventilation
Continuously transport fresh air underground to various wind locations, supply personnel to breathe, dilute and discharge toxic and harmful gases and floating dust, improve underground climate conditions, and control wind flow during disaster relief operations.
2.5.10 air distribution air distribution
The total air intake of the mine is distributed according to the air volume required by each mining face and chamber.
2.5.11 Ventilation resistance ventilation resistance
Air flow is a general term for the frictional resistance and local resistance of air flow in the shaft.
2.5.12 mine ventilation system mine ventilation system
The general term for the working method of the main ventilator in the mine, the layout of the inlet and outlet shafts, the ventilation network, and the ventilation facilities.
2.5.13 safe exit
In the main roadway and stope, pedestrians can reach the exit of the safe area along a certain route.
2.5.14 underground mine safety hedging system
In order to reduce the personal injury of underground mine personnel and facilitate rescue in the event of underground mine production and disasters, the general term for the monitoring and monitoring system, personnel positioning system, water supply and rescue system, compressed air self-rescue system, communication system and emergency avoidance system established.
2.5.15 surface displacement range surface displacement range
The mined-out area formed by underground mining breaks the original equilibrium state of the surrounding rocks, causing deformation, damage and collapse of the surrounding rocks, resulting in the movement and subsidence of the surface.
3 cement
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1 raw meal
Calcareous raw materials, aluminum raw materials and calibration raw materials are mixed in proportion, and the materials to be burned are ground to a certain fineness.
3.1.2 clinker
The product obtained by burning raw meal to partial melting and cooling.
3.1.3 Portland cement clinker
Calcining the raw meal with appropriate composition until it is partially melted, the product with calcium silicate as the main mineral component is obtained.
3.1.4 high alumina cement clinker
Calcining the raw material with appropriate composition until it is partially melted, the product with calcium aluminate as the main mineral component is obtained.
3.1.5 sulphoaluminate cement clinker
Calcining the raw material with proper composition until it is partially melted, the product with anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate and dicalcium silicate as the main mineral components is obtained.
3.1.6 cement cement
Add appropriate amount of water and mix to form a plastic slurry, which can harden in air or water, and can cement sand, stone and other suitable materials such as powdered inorganic hydraulic cementitious materials.
3.1.7 special cement
Cement with special properties and cement used in certain projects.
3.1.8 bulk cement
Refers to the unpackaged cement that is directly transported out of the factory by using special equipment or containers.
3.1.9 general portland cement
Cement made of Portland cement clinker, not more than 5% limestone or granulated blast furnace slag, and an appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.10 Ordinary portland cement
Cement made of Portland cement clinker, more than 5% and not more than 20% of mixed materials and an appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.11 portland blastfurnace-slag cement
Cement made from Portland cement clinker, more than 20% and not more than 70% granulated blast furnace slag and appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.12 pozzolanic portland pozzolana cement
Cement made of Portland cement clinker, more than 20% and not more than 40% pozzolanic mixed materials and appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.13 fly ash Portland cement portlandfly-ashcement
Cement made of Portland cement clinker, more than 20% and not more than 40% fly ash and an appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.14 Portland cement composite portland cement
Cement made of Portland cement clinker, more than 20% and not more than 50% of two or more specified mixed materials and an appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.15 Moderate heat portland cement
Cement with moderate heat of hydration made of portland cement clinker with no more than 55% tricalcium silicate and no more than 6% tricalcium aluminate and appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.16 Portland cement low heat portland cement
Cement with low heat of hydration made of portland cement clinker with not less than 40% dicalcium silicate, not more than 6% tricalcium aluminate, not more than 1.0% free calcium oxide and appropriate amount of gypsum.
3.1.17 Rapid hardening portland cement
The cement marked by the 3-day compressive strength is made by adding an appropriate amount of gypsum to Portland cement clinker and grinding it.
3.1.18 sulfate resistance portland cement
Portland cement clinker with appropriate composition, adding appropriate amount of gypsum, and grinding to make cement resistant to sulfate ion erosion.
3.1.19 ferroaluminate cement
Cement is made of bauxite and limestone as raw materials, calcined clinker mainly composed of calcium aluminate and alumina, and then ground.
3.1.20 sulphoaluminate cement
The cement clinker is mainly composed of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate and dicalcium silicate, and the cement is made by adding appropriate amount of limestone and gypsum.
3.1.21 white Portland cement white portland cement
The cement is made of portland cement clinker with low content of iron oxide, chromium, manganese and other dyeing elements, which is fired in a basic reducing atmosphere, and an appropriate amount of white gypsum and white mixed materials are added to grind it.
3.1.22 Portland cement for road
It is made of Portland cement clinker with not more than 5% of tricalcium aluminate, not less than 16.0% of tetracalcium aluminoferrite, not more than 1.0% of free calcium oxide, not more than 10% of active mixed materials and appropriate amount of gypsum. Cement mainly used for road construction, referred to as road cement.
3.1.23 masonry cement
It is a low-strength cement that is mainly used to prepare masonry mortar and plastering mortar by adding an appropriate amount of Portland cement clinker and gypsum to active mixed materials or other modified materials.
3.1.24 Nuclear power cement cement for nuclear power engineering
It is a special cement variety for nuclear power projects.
3.1.25 marine cement
It is a special type of cement for ocean engineering.
3.1.26 slag powder
Granulated blast furnace slag is used as the main raw material, and it is dried and ground to a fairly fine powder.
3.1.27 hydraulicity
The property of a material that is ground into a fine powder and mixed with water to form a slurry that hardens and forms a stable compound in moist air and water.
3.1.28 Pozzolanicity
A material that is ground into a fine powder does not have hydraulic properties alone, but can form a compound with hydraulic properties when mixed with lime and water at room temperature.
3.1.29 Additives of cement
In the process of cement production, in order to change the performance of cement and adjust the grade of cement strength, it is added to the cement grinding system together with cement clinker or added to the cement after grinding, except for retarder and grinding aid. mineral material.
3.1.30 gypsum retarder
In the cement production process, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anhydrite and their mixture or industrial by-product gypsum are mainly added to adjust the setting time of cement.
3.1.31 Grinding aid
The admixture added during cement grinding to aid in grinding without damaging the performance of cement should not exceed 1% of the weight of cement.
3.1.32 coagulation time setting time
The time required for cement to lose fluidity from the beginning of mixing with water, that is, to develop from a plastic state to a solid state.
3.1.33 Cement volume stability soundness of cement
Stability of volume change of cement paste after hardening.
3.1.34 pat test
It is a method to test the influence of free calcium oxide content in cement clinker on the volume stability of cement.
3.1.35 autoclave expansion test
Accelerate the curing process of the cement mortar sample in an environment with certain pressure, temperature and water vapor to test the volume stability of the cement affected by the hydration of periclase.
3.1.36 standard sand standard sand
It is processed, washed and screened from high-purity natural quartz sand that meets the strength requirements. Its silica content and particle size distribution meet the requirements of the standard. It is a special fine aggregate for testing the strength of cement.
3.1.37 cement mortar
Cement mortar mixed with cement, standard sand and water in a specific mix ratio.
3.1.38 flow of cement mortar
A measure of the fluidity of cement mortar.
3.1.39 Strength of cement mortar
The cement mortar test piece prepared according to the cement strength inspection standard, after a certain age...
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