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Standard for basic terms of water and wastewater engineering
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GB/T 50125-2010
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 50125-2010 (GB/T50125-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Standard for basic terms of water and wastewater engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P40 | | Classification of International Standard | 91.140.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 170,161 | | Date of Issue | 2010-05-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2010-12-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GBJ 125-1989 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bulletin No.620 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard applies to the design of water and wastewater engineering, construction inspection and operation management. | GB/T 50125-2010: Standard for basic terms of water and wastewater engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to unify the basic terms and definitions of my country's water supply and drainage engineering construction and realize the standardization of professional basic terms.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the design, construction acceptance and operation management of water supply and drainage projects.
1.0.3 Terms related to water supply and drainage engineering not included in this standard shall comply with the relevant national standards and regulations.
2 General terms
2.0.1 water supply engineering
Raw water collection, transportation, treatment and finished water supply and distribution projects.
2.0.2 wastewater engineering, sewerage
Projects for the collection, transportation, treatment, regeneration and disposal of sewage and rainwater.
2.0.3 water supply system
The whole composed of various related facilities of water supply engineering.
2.0.4 drainage system wastewater engineering system
The whole composed of various related facilities of the drainage project.
2.0.5 Wastewater system, sewage system
Drainage systems that collect, transport, treat, regenerate and dispose of sewage.
2.0.6 storm system
Drainage systems that collect, convey, treat, regenerate and dispose of stormwater.
2.0.7 centralized water supply central water supply
It is a water supply method that collects water from the water source after treatment and sends it to users or public water intake points through the water transmission and distribution network.
2.0.8 decentralized water supply decentralized water supply
Distributed water supply from water sources after simple treatment.
2.0.9 secondary water supply secondary water supply
The water supply method that supplies water from public water supply or self-built facilities to users after storage, pressurization or advanced treatment and disinfection.
2.0.10 drainage system sewerage system
There are two basic ways of collecting and transporting sewage and rainwater in an area. confluence system and diversion system.
2.0.11 combined system
A drainage method that collects and conveys sewage and stormwater in the same pipe system.
2.0.12 separate system
A drainage method in which sewage and rainwater are collected and transported separately by different pipe systems.
2.0.13 water quantity
The volume value of water.
2.0.14 water consumption norm
Unit water consumption indicators formulated for different water users.
2.0.15 Wastewater flow norm
The unit displacement index formulated for different drainage objects.
2.0.16 Design scale design scale
The production capacity that should be achieved within the design target years. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in m3/d.
2.0.17 Design flow design flow
The calculated flow rate of structures, equipment or pipelines under set working conditions. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in m3/s.
2.0.18 water supply supplying water, water output
The volume of water exported by a water utility or facility.
2.0.19 water consumption
The amount of water consumed by the user.
2.0.20 Wastewater flow, sewage flow
The amount of polluted water discharged by the drain.
2.0.21 Drinking water for drinking water
The water quality meets the domestic drinking water hygiene standard.
2.0.22 Comprehensive domestic water for domestic and public use
The general term for residential water, public buildings and facility water.
2.0.23 Urban wastewater, sewage
A general term for comprehensive domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and infiltrated groundwater.
2.0.24 dry weather sewage
Municipal sewage on a combined sewer system on a sunny day.
2.0.25 domestic sewage, sewage
Sewage produced by residents.
2.0.26 comprehensive sewage comprehensive sewage
Sewage produced by residents and public services.
2.0.27 industrial waste water
Wastewater produced in the production process of industrial enterprises.
2.0.28 Infiltrated ground water
Groundwater that enters drainage channels and channels through channels and auxiliary structures.
2.0.29 Combined sewage combined sewage
The general term for sewage and stormwater in a combined sewerage system.
2.0.30 initial rainfall runoff initial rainfall runoff
The runoff with some pollution produced in the early stage after rainfall. Also known as initial rain.
2.0.31 initial rainwater removal
When rainwater is used, a certain amount of heavily polluted initial rainwater is discarded.
2.0.32 use of rainwater
The whole process of protecting and utilizing rainwater resources by adopting various measures.
2.0.33 Water reclamation, wastewater renovation
It is a process in which sewage is used as a regenerated water source, and after being purified and treated to meet the specified water quality standards, it is transported through pipelines or used on-site.
2.0.34 Water for scenic environment
Environmental water that meets the needs of the landscape, that is, the general term for water used to create urban landscape water bodies and various waterscape structures.
2.0.35 Reclaimed water, renovated water
After the sewage is treated, the water quality meets the water utilization requirements.
2.0.36 reclaimed water consumption
The volume of water provided to recycled water users.
2.0.37 Water for miscellaneous use
Non-potable water used for toilet flushing, road cleaning, fire protection, greening, vehicle washing, building construction, etc.
2.0.38 average daily output, average daily supplying water
The value obtained by dividing the total water supply in a year by the number of water supply days in a year.
2.0.39 maximum daily output, maximum daily supplying water
The largest daily water supply in the year.
2.0.40 daily variation coefficient
The ratio of the maximum daily water supply to the average daily water supply.
2.0.41 hourly variation coefficient
The ratio of the highest daily water supply or water consumption to the daily average hourly water supply or water consumption.
2.0.42 minimum service head minimum service head
The minimum water head to be maintained by the distribution network at the point of connection to the consumer.
2.0.43 runoff coefficient
The ratio of surface runoff to rainfall in a certain catchment area.
2.0.44 catchment area
The area of the drainage basin that collects rainfall through storm sewers.
2.0.45 Rainfall intensity
The amount of rainfall per unit time. It is commonly used in engineering to measure the rainfall volume per unit area per unit time, and its measurement unit is usually expressed in [L/(s·hm2)].
2.0.46 recurrence interval
Within a certain long statistical period, it is equal to or greater than the average interval time between occurrences of a certain statistical object.
2.0.47 duration of rainfall
Any continuous period in the rainfall process.
2.0.48 Inlet time, concentration time
The time it takes for rainwater to flow from the ground at the farthest point of the corresponding catchment to the storm sewer inlet. Also known as catchment time.
2.0.49 time of flow
The time that rainwater travels in the canal.
2.0.50 water quality water quality
In water supply and drainage engineering, the physical, chemical and biological properties of water.
2.0.51 raw water raw water
Water to be treated without any treatment or for water quality treatment.
2.0.52 water source
The raw water body used by the water supply project.
2.0.53 surface water surface water
Water that exists on the surface of the Earth's crust and is exposed to the atmosphere.
2.0.54 ground water ground water
Water that exists in cracks in rocks in the Earth's crust or in voids in soil.
2.0.55 water intake
The process of collecting raw water from a water source.
2.0.56 water transmission
The process of transporting water from the water source to the water plant or pumping station, and from the water plant to the water distribution network or pumping station.
2.0.57 water distribution
The process of transporting water from a waterworks to consumers through pipelines.
2.0.58 pumping house
Buildings or structures built with water pump units and auxiliary facilities for lifting liquids.
2.0.59 pumping station
The general term for pump room and supporting facilities.
2.0.60 self-priming
Use the water level to be higher than the pump body, so that the water pump is filled with water to start the water diversion method.
2.0.61 pipeline
Closed channels for conveying liquids, gases, etc.
2.0.62 channel channel, conduit
Artificial excavation, renovation, masonry or natural water delivery channels.
2.0.63 river pipe
Pipelines crossing rivers.
2.0.64 inverted siphon inverted siphon
When encountering obstacles such as rivers and railways, the pipeline is laid in a U-shape longitudinally and bypasses the obstacles.
2.0.65 Siphon siphon
The liquid is guided to the lower pipe through the gravity of the pipe section above the liquid level.
2.0.66 full depth ratio
A parameter of how full the channel is with liquid.
2.0.67 head loss
Energy consumption caused by water passing through pipes, equipment, and structures.
2.0.68 covered depth
The vertical distance from the top of the buried pipeline to the ground surface.
2.0.69 buried depth
The vertical distance from the inner bottom of the buried pipeline to the ground surface.
2.0.70 water treatment
The process of improving water quality by using physical, chemical, biological and other methods on raw water.
2.0.71 sewage treatment, wastewater treatment
The process of purifying sewage by physical, chemical, biological and other methods.
2.0.72 physical treatment physical treatment
The process of removing impurities in water by physical means.
2.0.73 chemical treatment chemical treatment
The process of chemically removing impurities from water.
2.0.74 biological treatment biological treatment
The process of removing impurities in water by biological action.
2.0.75 Conventional treatment
1 Treatment for the purpose of removing turbidity and inactivating bacteria and viruses in water treatment, generally including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.
2 General term for pretreatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and disinfection in sewage treatment.
2.0.76 pre-treatment pre-treatment
1 Treatment before routine treatment of feed water.
2 Treatment before entering the membrane treatment device.
3 The treatment before the primary treatment of sewage generally includes grating, sand settling, etc.
2.0.77 advanced treatment
Processing set after normal processing.
2.0.78 primary treatment
Sewage is the process of removing suspended solids through sedimentation.
2.0.79 Enhanced primary treatment
The process of adding coagulant or biological sludge to improve the removal rate of primary treatment pollutants.
2.0.80 secondary treatment secondary treatment
After the primary treatment of sewage, the biological method is used to further remove the colloid and dissolved organic matter in the sewage.
2.0.81 Tertiary treatment
After the secondary treatment of sewage, the process of further removing pollutants.
2.0.82 water treatment planttwaterworks
A plant that treats raw water and supplies it to consumers. Also known as water plant.
2.0.83 Wastewater treatment plant, WWTP
A factory that purifies sewage.
2.0.84 water distribution plant
Pressurize and distribute the factory water to the user's pumping station.
2.0.85 super high freeboard
The height of the pool top of the structure above the design water level.
2.0.86 Aeration
Through the contact between water and air, the process of dissolving oxygen or dissipating dissolved gases and volatile substances in water is carried out.
2.0.87 Mixing
The process of rapidly and evenly diffusing the input agent into the water.
2.0.88 coagulation
In order to weaken the repulsion between colloidal particles or destroy their hydrophilicity, the process of making the particles easy to contact each other and adsorb.
2.0.89 flocculation
The process in which fine particles in water collide with each other and coalesce under external disturbance to form larger flocculent particles.
2.0.90 coagulation
The general term for coagulation and flocculation.
2.0.91 sedimentation
The process of removing suspended solids in water by gravity settling.
2.0.92 clarification clarification
The process of removing suspended solids in water by contacting with high concentration sludge.
2.0.93 filter filtration
The process in which water flows through a material layer with pores to remove suspended matter in water.
2.0.94 microfiltration (MF)
Under pressure, the water to be treated flows through a filter membrane with a pore size of 0.05 μm to 5 μm to intercept impurities in the water.
2.0.95 ultrafiltration ultrafiltration
Under the action of pressure, the water to be treated flows through a filter membrane with a pore size of 5nm to 100nm to intercept impurities in the water.
2.0.96 Nanofiltration
Under pressure, it is used in the membrane separation process for removing multivalent ions, some monovalent ions and organic substances with a molecular weight of.200-1000.
2.0.97 ion exchange method ion exchange
The process of using ion exchangers to remove certain salt ions in water.
2.0.98 Electrodialysis (ED)
Under the action of an electric field, the ions in water migrate through the ion exchange membrane.
2.0.99 Disinfection
The process of inactivating pathogens.
2.0.100 Stabilization treatment of water quality
The process of bringing the concentration of calcium carbonate and carbon dioxide in water to a state of equilibrium. Also known as water balance.
2.0.101 surface hydraulic load hydraulic surface loading
The amount of water passing through a unit surface area of a water treatment structure per unit time. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in m3/(m2 h), also known as liquid level load.
2.0.102 weir load weir loading
The amount of water passing per unit weir length per unit time. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in L/(s m).
2.0.103 coagulant
Agents that destabilize and coalesce colloidal particles.
2.0.104 coagulant aid
Auxiliary agents to improve flocculation conditions and effects.
2.0.105 filter aid filter aid
Agents that help improve filter media filtration performance and efficiency.
2.0.106 disinfectant disinfectant
Chemical agent with disinfection function.
2.0.107 residual chlorine
After chlorine injection, the general term for free chlorine and combined chlorine remaining in water.
2.0.108 free residual chlorine free residual chlorine
Residual chlorine in water in the form of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite.
2.0.109 Combinative residual chlorine
Chlorine in the form of dichloramine and monochloramine in water.
2.0.110 regeneration period
The interval between two regenerations of the adsorption medium.
2.0.111 Sludge water waste residuals
The general term for sedimentation tank sediment discharge water and filter backwash drainage.
2.0.112 sludge sludge
Semi-solid or solid substances produced during sewage purification or deposited in drainage pipes, excluding screen slag, scum and grit in grit chambers.
2.0.113 Chemical sludge
Sediment produced by chemical treatment of sewage.
2.0.114 sludge water content sludge water content
The water contained in the sludge is the mass percentage of the wet sludge.
2.0.115 dry sludge quantity dry sludge quantity
Amount of sludge in terms of dry solid mass.
2.0.116 Waste residuals treatment
The process of collecting, concentrating, drying and discharging sludge water.
2.0.117 sludge treatment sludge treatment
The process of sludge reduction, stabilization and harmless treatment generally includes conditioning, concentration, dehydration, anaerobic or aerobic digestion, lime stabilization, composting, drying and incineration.
2.0.118 sludge disposal sludge disposal
The final disposal process of treated sludge generally includes land use, landfill and construction material utilization.
2.0.119 thickening, concentration
The process of reducing the moisture content of sludge or sludge water by gravity, air flotation or mechanical methods.
2.0.120 dehydration sludge dewatering
The process of further removing water after the sludge or sludge water is concentrated, generally adopts mechanical methods.
2.0.121 dry sludge drying
The process of removing most of the water from sludge and sludge water by means of infiltration and evaporation.
2.0.122 pipe working pressure
The maximum continuous pressure acting on the inner wall of the pipe under normal working conditions.
2.0.123 pipe design pressure pipe design pressure
The maximum instantaneous pressure acting on the inner wall of the pipe used in the design.
2.0.124 flexible interface flexible joint
An interface that allows connecting pipes to be borrowed within a certain range.
2.0.125 Rigid interface rigid joint
It is not allowed to connect the interface that the pipe borrows.
2.0.126 nominal pipe diameter normal diameter of pipes
Nominal pipe diameters for pipe, pipe fittings, and pipe fittings.
2.0.127 nominal pressure normal pipe pressure
Maximum working pressure of pipes, pipe fittings and pipe fittings at 20°C.
2.0.128 pipeline corrosion prevention of pipes
Measures taken to slow down or prevent pipelines from being corroded and damaged by chemical and electrochemical effects of internal and external media or by metabolic activities of microorganisms.
2.0.129 pipeline auxiliary facilities pipeline auxiliaries
It is a general term for additional structures to meet the needs of normal operation and maintenance of pipelines.
2.0.130 pipeline accessories pipeline accessories
The general term for all kinds of valves, measuring and pressure measuring instruments set up to meet the needs of normal operation and maintenance of pipelines.
2.0.131 pipe fittings pipe fittings
In order to adapt to pipe diameter reduction, expansion and contraction or pipeline turning, branching, and the general term for the connectors that meet the connection of pipes and pipe accessories.
2.0.132 buttress anchorage
In order to prevent the water pressure in the pipe from causing...
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