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Fitness-for-service assessment of pressure equipment
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GB/T 35013-2018
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 35013-2018 (GB/T35013-2018) | | Description (Translated English) | Fitness-for-service assessment of pressure equipment | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J74 | | Classification of International Standard | 23.020.30 | | Word Count Estimation | 134,182 | | Date of Issue | 2018-05-14 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-12-01 | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standards Announcement No. 6 of 2018 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 35013-2018: Fitness-for-service assessment of pressure equipment---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Fitness-for-service assessment of pressure equipments
ICS 23.020.30
J74
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Pressure equipment for use evaluation
Published on.2018-05-14
2018-12-01 implementation
State market supervision and administration
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword I
Introduction II
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 General requirements 2
5 Uniform thinning evaluation 3
6 Local thinning evaluation 12
7 pitting evaluation 26
8 Hydrogen induced cracking, hydrogen bulging and stress-induced hydrogen induced cracking evaluation 39
9 Depression and groove evaluation 46
10 wrong edge, angular and non-circular evaluation 50
11 Fire damage assessment 62
12 Creep damage assessment 70
Appendix A (informative) Creep data 106
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Assessment of Brittle Fracture Tendency 115
Appendix C (informative) Determination method of corrosion fatigue crack growth acceleration factor 123
Appendix D (informative) Common material hardness value range 125
Appendix E (informative appendix) common materials domestic and foreign brand comparison 128
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC262).
This standard was drafted. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, Special Equipment Safety Supervision Bureau,
Fei General Machinery Research Institute, Nanjing University of Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University of Technology.
The main drafters of this standard. Wang Hui, Jia Guodong, Chen Xuedong, Sun Liang, Zhao Jianping, Xuan Fuzhen, Zhang Wei, Shao Shanshan, Fan Zhichao, Wang Yi'an,
Liu Yinghua, Dong Jie, Li Xiang, Gao Zengliang, Lu Yunrong, Wang Xiaomei, Han Zhiyuan, Ai Zhibin.
Introduction
The purpose of this standard is to evaluate whether the pressure equipment in service is suitable for the expected working conditions and environment, manufacturing defects, and during service.
Whether the defects or damages generated threaten its operation safety, use this standard to continue to operate or modify, repair, scrap, replace, etc.
Provide technical support.
This standard covers a number of interdisciplinary subjects, users can choose according to the specific circumstances of the evaluation, and with GB/T 19624 and pressure capacity
Used in conjunction with relevant codes or standards such as pipes, pipes, boilers and onshore storage tanks. Use the method given in this standard to enter the overdue service pressure equipment
The evaluation can provide reference for the life extension of the equipment, save costs and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise.
Pressure equipment for use evaluation
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the method for evaluating the use of metal pressure equipment.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the evaluation of defects and damage modes of metal pressure equipment. The defects and damage modes applicable to this standard include corrosion reduction.
Thin (uniform thinning, local thinning and pitting), hydrogen induced cracking, hydrogen bulging and stress-induced hydrogen induced cracking, depressions and grooves, staggered edges, edges and corners
Round, fire damage, creep damage and low temperature brittle fracture. The fracture and fatigue evaluation of the planar defects can be carried out in accordance with GB/T 19624.
1.3 This standard does not apply to the following pressure equipment.
--- Pressure equipment for nuclear radiation in nuclear power installations;
--- Non-independent pressure parts on the machine (such as compressors, generators, pumps, pressure housings or cylinders of diesel engines, etc.);
--- Capacitor pressure vessel (closed electrical appliance) for enclosed electrical equipment for the power industry.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 150.3 Pressure Vessels Part 3. Design
GB/T 1172 ferrous metal hardness and strength conversion value
GB/T 6398 metal material fatigue test fatigue crack propagation method
GB/T 19624 Safety assessment of pressure vessels containing defects
GB/T 20801.2 Specification for pressure piping - Part 2. Materials
GB/T 30579 pressure equipment damage pattern recognition
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 19624 apply to this document.
3.1
Component components
Compressed components of pressure-bearing equipment designed or manufactured according to specifications and standards, or a combination thereof.
3.2
Heat exposure zone heatexposurezone
The area where the part is subjected to a specific fire temperature range.
3.3
Heat exposure zone grade heatexposurelevel
The exposure temperature level of the component during a fire is determined by the highest metal wall temperature reached by the component during a fire.
3.4
Critical exposure temperature criticalexposuretemperature; CET
Under operating conditions or atmospheric conditions, the principal stress caused by pressure and additional load is greater than the corresponding minimum metal temperature at 55 MPa.
Note 1. Operating conditions include start-stop, operation fluctuations and downtime. CET can be either a single temperature or a pressure-based temperature series.
Note 2. The atmospheric pressure storage tank CET takes the lowest daily average temperature plus 8 ° C, or takes the temperature of the water pressure test. Low pressure storage tanks use the same method as pressure vessels
Set its CET.
4 General requirements
4.1 Unit and personnel requirements
Units adopting this standard shall comply with the relevant laws and regulations of the state when implementing the evaluation of use, and establish corresponding quality control.
Procedure. Personnel conducting the evaluation of the use shall have the necessary knowledge background and practical experience in mechanics, materials, processes, corrosion, inspection, etc.
And passed the professional training.
4.2 General requirements
4.2.1 The evaluation of the combined use of pressure-bearing equipment should generally include a survey of the status of the assessment object (history, working conditions, environment, etc.), defects and damage.
Detection, damage pattern recognition and defect cause analysis, material performance acquisition, necessary experiments and calculations, and assessment pairs according to the provisions of this standard
Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the safety of the image.
4.2.2 Various possible conditions should be considered when conducting the evaluation of the use.
4.2.3 If the equipment or component contains multiple defects or damages, it should be combined with various evaluation methods for all defect types and damages.
Evaluation, after all kinds of possible damage and failure modes are judged and evaluated, the evaluation conclusion can be given.
4.2.4 For each defect or damage, this standard gives a multi-level evaluation method. Should be selected according to the type of defect or damage and the type of part
A suitable method for evaluation.
4.2.5 The use evaluation according to this standard cannot be used as a basis for improving the design pressure of pressure equipment.
4.2.6 The adoption of the results of the evaluation in accordance with this standard does not exempt the design, manufacture, installation, repair, modification, etc. of the pressure-bearing equipment.
The corresponding responsibilities of all parties concerned.
4.3 In conjunction with the basic work in the evaluation
4.3.1 Damage pattern identification and defect cause analysis
According to GB/T 30579, damage pattern recognition and defect cause analysis were carried out.
4.3.2 Basic data acquisition
4.3.2.1 Defect and damage detection
For various defects and damages that may exist in the object to be evaluated, reasonable selection methods and equipment should be selected according to materials and structures.
Comprehensive testing, defect and damage detection results should be accurate, true and reliable.
There should be sufficient considerations for the possibility of defects and damage in the parts where non-destructive testing is not possible, in conjunction with the use of evaluators and
Loss testing personnel should make conservative estimates based on experience and specific circumstances.
4.3.2.2 Material performance obtained
Material performance data shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 19624 and other relevant standards. The dispersion of material performance data should be fully considered
And material properties are degraded, and the required material performance values are determined on a conservative basis.
4.3.2.3 Determination of stress level
Stress can be calculated according to the corresponding design criteria and stress analysis if necessary. Stress analysis should adopt a mature and reliable method and consider
Various possible loads and combinations thereof.
4.4 Parts Classification
4.4.1 Class A
Withstand pressure (including liquid column static pressure) or other loads, the calculation of the design standard can be used to directly calculate the thickness of the component,
mainly includes.
a) a cylinder or cone;
b) spherical shell;
c) a convex head (spherical, elliptical, dish, spherical crown) and a flat cover;
d) straight pipe sections, elbows, elbows;
e) Tank wall panels.
4.4.2 Class B
Withstand pressure (with liquid column static pressure) or other loads, the formula for directly calculating the thickness is not provided in the design standard, but the design calculation is provided.
Methods such as hole reinforcement and flange design. The design calculation of a component involves multiple components, and the thickness of the components affect each other and cannot be determined separately.
The minimum thickness of one of the components. mainly includes.
a) the joint between the cylinder and the nozzle, the head and the nozzle, and the main pipe and the branch pipe;
b) Cone shell reinforcement section or transition section;
c) the junction of the cylinder and the flat cover;
d) integral tube sheet;
e) flange;
f) Piping system.
4.4.3 Class C
Withstand pressure (including static pressure of liquid column) or other loads, the formula for calculating the thickness is not provided in the design standard, nor is the gauge for local stress provided.
The calculation method mainly includes.
a) the joint between the convex head and the cylinder;
b) housing reinforcement ring;
c) a skirt or ear support for the pressure vessel;
d) The connection between the tank wall and the floor.
5 Uniform thinning evaluation
5.1 General
This chapter stipulates the wall thickness measurement and characterization method for the pressure-reducing parts with thinning defects, and the pressure-bearing parts with uniform thinning defects.
Use evaluation methods. The evaluation methods in this chapter do not apply to components that are in service over the creep temperature range. See Appendix A for creep temperature ranges.
Table A.1.
5.2 Symbol
AR---the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement ring or support ring, the unit is mm2;
C---the circumferential length of the metal thinned zone, the unit is mm;
COV---the coefficient of variation of the measured wall thickness obtained by conventional thickness measurement;
D---the inner diameter of the cylinder, the spherical shell, the elliptical head and the elbow, the unit is mm;
Di---take the inner diameter, the unit is mm;
Do---the outer diameter of the cylinder, the spherical shell, the elliptical head, and the elbow, in mm;
Do1---three-way main pipe outer diameter, the unit is mm;
Do2---three-way branch pipe outer diameter, the unit is mm;
F---axial force on the effective section under self-weight or self-weight heating load condition, the unit is N;
{F→}---Generalized load vector, using the dimension appropriate to each load;
{F→°}---reference load vector, using the dimension appropriate to each load;
{F→L}---the ultimate load vector, using the dimension appropriate to each load;
FCA---the amount of corrosion in the planned running time, the unit is mm;
GB P---correction factor of elbow shape for internal pressure load;
H---the distance between the fillet weld of the skirt to the tangent of the bottom head when the tangential line of the bottom head is inside the skirt, the unit is mm;
Hi---the depth of the inner surface of the elliptical head, in mm;
K---the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter;
K1---the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of the tee main pipe;
L---the characteristic length of the part, the unit is mm;
Lni---in the discontinuous structure, the circumferential thickness measurement range of the container or the main pipe, the unit is mm;
Lno---in the discontinuous structure, the axial thickness measurement range of the nozzle or branch pipe, the unit is mm;
Ls---measuring the spacing of the grid lines, the unit is mm;
Lv---in the discontinuous structure, the axial thickness measurement range of the container or the main pipe, the unit is mm;
n---the total number of conventional thickness measurement points;
P---evaluation calculation pressure, the unit is MPa;
pL---plastic limit internal pressure load, the unit is MPa;
R---the inner radius of the cylinder or the bending radius of the elbow, in mm;
RL---the inner radius of the large end cylinder of the transition section of the cone shell, the unit is mm;
RS---the inner radius of the small end cylinder of the transition section of the cone shell, the unit is mm;
Rm---the average radius of the elbow, rm=
Do D
, the unit is mm;
St---the standard deviation of the measured wall thickness obtained by conventional thickness measurement, the unit is mm;
S---the axial length of the metal thinning zone, the unit is mm;
t---calculated wall thickness for evaluation of elbows, the unit is mm;
tL---cone shell transition section large end cylinder supply wall thickness, the unit is mm;
tS---cone shell transition section small end cylinder supply wall thickness, the unit is mm;
tZ---cone shell supply wall thickness, the unit is mm;
Tam---the measured value of the measured wall thickness of the component, the unit is mm;
tCam---the characteristic value of the measured wall thickness of the component, in mm;
tSam---the characterization value of the axial measured wall thickness of the component, the unit is mm;
Tc---calculated wall thickness for evaluation, the unit is mm;
tCc---the wall thickness of the cylinder, cone shell and elbow based on the thickness measurement of the dangerous wall thickness section, the unit is mm;
tGc---the wall thickness of the spherical shell and convex head based on the thickness measurement of the dangerous wall thickness section, the unit is mm;
tSc---the wall thickness of the cylinder, cone shell and elbow based on the thickness measurement of the dangerous wall thickness section, the unit is mm;
Te---Strengthen supply wall thickness, the unit is mm;
Tmin---the minimum wall thickness required for the part determined according to the design specification or standard, in mm;
tCmin---the minimum required wall thickness of the component to be determined according to the design specification or standard, in mm;
tSmin---the minimum required wall thickness of the component determined according to the design specification or standard, in mm;
Tmm---the minimum measured wall thickness of the parts obtained by measuring the thickness of the dangerous wall thickness section, the unit is mm;
Tn---the nominal wall thickness of the discontinuous structure take-over, the unit is mm;
Tnom---nominal wall thickness in mm;
Trd---the measured wall thickness away from the metal thinning zone, in mm;
Tt---the average value of the measured wall thickness obtained by conventional thickness measurement, the unit is mm;
Tti---the measured thickness of the wall thickness obtained by conventional thickness measurement, i=1, 2,, n, the unit is mm;
Ttm---the minimum measured wall thickness of the parts obtained by conventional thickness measurement, the unit is mm;
Tv---the supply wall thickness of the discontinuous structural cylinder or main pipe, the unit is mm;
T1---Three-way supervisor evaluation wall thickness, the unit is mm;
T2---three-way branch pipe evaluation used to calculate the wall thickness, the unit is mm;
Timemax---the loading factor when the structure is unstable;
Σys---the yield strength at the evaluation temperature, in MPa.
5.3 Determination and analysis steps for metal thinning
The following steps are used to determine and analyze the metal thinning, as shown in Figure 1.
a) judge the uniformity of conventional thickness measurement and metal thinning according to 5.4.2;
b) If the coefficient of variation of wall thickness COV ≤ 0.1, it is judged to be uniform thinning, and evaluated according to 5.5 and 5.6; otherwise, the next step is performed;
c) Perform thickness measurement and analysis based on the dangerous wall thickness section method according to 5.4.3. If the area of the thinned area is larger than the characteristic length, it is judged to be uniform.
Thinning, evaluation according to 5.5 and 5.6; otherwise, it is judged as partial thinning, and evaluation is carried out according to Chapter 6.
5.4 Wall thickness measurement and dimensional characterization of thin defects
5.4.1 Wall thickness measurement range
5.4.1.1 The pressure-measuring and wall thickness analysis statistics shall be carried out for the pressure-bearing parts with independent calculation of wall thickness as the test object, and the wall thickness characterization value shall be determined. Wall thickness
The thickness was measured by conventional thickness measurement and dangerous wall thickness section method.
5.4.1.2 The test object shall be subjected to conventional thickness measurement first, and analyzed according to the conventional thickness measurement results, and if necessary, based on the dangerous wall thickness section
Thickness measurement and analysis of the law.
5.4.1.3 If the metal thinning zones are close together, or the metal thinning zone is located at a discontinuity of the overall structure, it should be ensured that the thicknessing zone has sufficient
Coverage to obtain sufficient wall thickness readings. Figures 2 through 4 show the recommended coverage of the discontinuous structure thickness measurement area.
Figure 1 Determination and analysis steps for metal thinning
5.4.2 Conventional thickness measurement and analysis
5.4.2.1 For wall thickness measurement of uniform coverage of pressure parts and not less than 15 points, the measured wall thickness is recorded as tti (i = 1, 2, n;
N≥15).
5.4.2.2 Calculate the coefficient of variation of the measured wall thickness obtained in 5.4.2.1 according to equation (1).
COV=
St
Tt
(1)
Tt=
N∑
i=1
Tti (2)
St=
i=1
(tti-tt)2
N-1
(3)
5.4.2.3 If COV ≤ 0.1, it is judged to be uniform thinning and evaluated according to 5.5 to 5.6. In the evaluation, the average value of the measured wall thickness is
Wall thickness characterization value, ie.
Tam=tt (4)
5.4.2.4 If the COV >0.1, the thickness measurement and analysis based on the dangerous wall thickness section method shall be carried out according to 5.4.3. Take the conventional thickness measurement to obtain the wall thickness
The measured minimum value is the minimum measured wall thickness ttm, and the measured wall thickness trd of the component away from the metal thinned zone is determined.
Ttm=min{tti,(i=1,2,,n)} (5)
Description.
---Lv=max{di,di/2 tn tv};
---Lno=min{2.5tv, 2.5tn te};
---Lni=min{2.5tv, 2.5tn}
---di Take the current measured value and consider FCA.
Figure 2 Thickness measurement area - takeover or branch connection
Description.
--- In the small end cylinder, Lv = 0.78 RStS;
--- In the big end cylinder, Lv = 0.78 RLtL;
--- At the small end of the cone shell, Lv = 0.78 RStZ;
--- At the big end of the cone shell, Lv = 0.78 RLtZ;
---RS, RL take the current measured value and consider FCA.
Figure 3 Thickness measurement area---cone shell transition section
Description.
---Lv= Rtv;
---When there is AR
AR 156tv Rtv
>0.65, consider the reinforcement ring or support ring as a main axisymmetric discontinuous component;
---R Take the measured value and consider FCA.
Figure 4 Thickness measurement area---axisymmetric discontinuous area
5.4.3 Thickness measurement and analysis based on dangerous wall thickness section method
5.4.3.1 Corresponding to the axial and circumferential directions of the pressure-bearing components, two sets of orthogonal thickness measurement grid lines capable of completely covering the metal thinning zone, grid lines are provided.
The spacing should not be greater than the Ls calculated according to equation (6).
Ls=min{0.36 Dttm,2trd} (6)
5.4.3.2 The measured wall thickness at the edge of the thickness measurement grid shall not be less than 90% of the trd. Otherwise, the coverage of the thickness measurement grid line shall be increased. Indeed
The axial length s and the circumferential length c of the metal thinned region.
5.4.3.3 Let all the thickness measurement grids have Nm axial grid lines and Nc circumferential grid lines, and the wall thickness is measured at the intersection of the grid lines, and
The thickness measurement point on each grid line should be no less than 5. The minimum measured wall thickness values on each axial and hoop grid line are separately counted.
5.4.3.4 Establish a hazard wall thickness profile (CTP) using the minimum measured wall thickness values on each axial grid line, using each hoop grid line
The minimum measured wall thickness value above establishes an axial dangerous wall thickness section view, as shown in Figure 5; for atmospheric or low pressure storage tanks, only axial hazard needs to be established
Wall thickness section view.
Figure 5 Thickness grid and dangerous wall thickness section
5.4.3.5 If there are multiple metal thinning zones, the interaction of adjacent metal thinning zones should be considered as follows.
a) sorting the metal thinning areas from small to large as the sequence to be evaluated;
b) Judging from the smallest metal thinning zone, drawing a rectangle centered on the center of the smallest metal thinning zone, the axial length of the rectangle, the ring
The length of the direction should be twice the axial length and the circumferential length of the current metal thinning zone;
c) If there is no other metal thinning zone in the drawn rectangle, the current metal thinning zone is independent and needs to be evaluated from
Column deletion
d) If there are other metal thinning zones in the drawn rectangle, the current metal thinning zone and the gold appearing in the drawn rectangle should be used.
The thinned areas are merged into a new metal thinning zone, and the metal thinning zone participating in the merger is removed from the sequence to be evaluated, and
The size of the area will be combined into a new metal thinning zone placed in the corresponding position of the sequence to be evaluated;
e) return b) until the sequence to be evaluated is empty;
f) All metal thinning zones that are judged to be independent are evaluated.
5.4.3.6 Determine the feature length L of the component according to the following method to determine whether the metal thinning is uniform thinning or partial thinning, and determine the corresponding evaluation.
method.
a) Calculate the feature length of the part L.
L=Q Dtc (7)
Tc=trd-FCA (8)
Rt=
tmm-FCA
Tc
Êê
Úú (9)
Q=1.123
1-Rt
1-Rt/0.9
-1, when Rt< 0.9
Q=50 when Rt≥0.9
Ïï
Ïï
(10)
b) If the metal thinning zone ranges s and c are greater than or equal to L, it is judged to be uniformly thinned, and the wall thickness is characterized according to 5.4.3.7.
Evaluation from 5.5 to 5.6.
c) If the metal thinning zone range s or c is less than L, it is judged as local thinning and evaluated in accordance with Chapter 6.
5.4.3.7 If it is judged to be uniform thinning based on the dangerous wall thickness section method, on the axial and hazard cr...
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