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GB/T 311.11-2025: Insulation co-ordination - Part 11: Definitions, principles and rules for HVDC system
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Insulation co-ordination - Part 11: Definitions, principles and rules for HVDC system
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 311.11-2025 (GB/T311.11-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Insulation co-ordination - Part 11: Definitions, principles and rules for HVDC system | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K40 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.080 | | Word Count Estimation | 34,330 | | Date of Issue | 2025-06-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-01-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 311.11-2025: Insulation co-ordination - Part 11: Definitions, principles and rules for HVDC system
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ICS 29.080
CCSK40
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Insulation coordination - Part 11.High voltage direct current systems
Definition, principles and rules of insulation coordination
Insulationco-ordination-Part 11.Definitions,
(IEC 60071-11.2022, MOD)
Released on June 30, 2025
Implementation on January 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface III
Introduction VI
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations 5
4.1 Overview 5
4.2 Symbols 6
4.3 Abbreviations 6
5 Insulation coordination principles 6
5.1 Overview 6
5.2 Main Differences between AC and DC Systems 7
5.3 Insulation coordination procedure 7
5.4 Differences in Withstand Voltage Selection Between AC and DC Systems 7
6 Insulation Coordination Design Procedure 9
6.1 Overview 9
6.2 Characteristics of lightning arresters 9
6.3 Insulation properties 9
6.4 Determination of representative overvoltage (Urp) 9
6.5 Determination of coordinated withstand voltage (Ucw) 11
6.6 Determination of Required Withstand Voltage (Urw) 11
6.7 Determination of specified withstand voltage (Uw) 12
7 Requirements for withstand voltage test 12
8 Creepage distance 12
8.1 General Principles 12
8.2 Creepage distance reference voltage 13
9 Air gap distance 13
Appendix A (Informative) Structure diagram of a typical HVDC converter station 14
Appendix B (Informative) Air Gap Distance Calculation Example 17
B.1 General instructions 17
B.2 Calculation of minimum air gap distance under switching impulse voltage 17
B.3 Calculation of minimum air clearance distance under lightning impulse voltage 18
Appendix C (Normative) Insulation levels and corresponding air clearance distances of typical high-voltage DC equipment 19
C.1 General instructions 19
C.2 Specified impulse withstand voltage series value 19
C.3 Operational shock insulation level and minimum air gap distance 19
C.4 Lightning impulse insulation level and minimum air clearance distance 19
C.5 Recommended DC withstand voltage 19
Reference 24
Figure 1 Flowchart for determining the insulation level of HVDC equipment 8
Figure A.1 Typical lightning arrester layout diagram for a single-pole LCC converter station using a series structure of dual 12-pulse converter units.
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of typical arrester arrangement for one pole in a bipolar VSC converter station15
Figure A.3 Typical lightning arrester arrangement in a symmetrical single-pole VSC converter station 16
Table 1 Comparison of insulation coordination procedures between AC and DC systems 7
Table 2 Overvoltage classification and waveform, standard voltage waveform and standard withstand voltage test 10
Table 3 Required ratio of impulse withstand voltage to impulse protection level 12
Table A.1 Graphic symbols 16
Table C.1 Insulation level of high voltage DC equipment 20
Table C.2 specifies the relationship between the switching impulse withstand voltage and the minimum relative air gap distance 21
Table C.3 specifies the relationship between lightning impulse withstand voltage and minimum relative air gap distance 22
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is Part 11 of GB/T 311 "Insulation Coordination". GB/T 311 has been published in the following parts.
--- Part 1.Definitions, principles and rules;
--- Part 2.Guidelines for use;
--- Part 3.Insulation coordination procedures for HVDC converter stations;
--- Part 4.Calculation guide for network insulation coordination and simulation;
--- Part 11.Definitions, principles and rules for insulation coordination of high voltage DC systems;
--- Part 14.Insulation coordination of AC/DC filters for high voltage DC systems.
This document is modified to adopt IEC 60071-11.2022 "Insulation coordination - Part 11.Definitions and principles of insulation coordination for high-voltage direct current systems"
and Rules.
This document has the following structural adjustments compared to IEC 60071-11.2022.
a) Chapter 3 corresponds to Chapter 3 of IEC 60071-11.2022, where 3.5 to 3.8 correspond to 3.4 to 3.6 of IEC 60071-11.2022.
3.7; 3.9~3.10 correspond to 3.7.1~3.7.2 of IEC 60071-11.2022; 3.10.1~3.10.4 correspond to IEC 60071-11.
2022 3.7.2.1~3.7.2.4; 3.12 corresponds to 3.8 of IEC 60071-11.2022; 3.13~3.15 correspond to IEC 60071-11.
3.9~3.11 of IEC 60071-11.2022; 3.16 corresponds to 3.12 of IEC 60071-11.2022; 3.17~3.19 corresponds to IEC 60071-11.2022
3.14~3.16;3.20~3.23 of IEC 60071-11.2022 correspond to 3.18~3.21 of IEC 60071-11.2022.IEC 60071-11.2022 has been deleted.
2022 3.3, 3.7.2.5, 3.8.1, 3.8.2, 3.8.3, 3.11.1, 3.11.2, 3.11.3, 3.13, 3.17.Added 3.3~3.4,
3.11.
b) Chapter 4 corresponds to Chapter 4 of IEC 60071-11.2022, where 4.2 to 4.3 correspond to 4.3 to 4.4, and IEC 60071-11.2022 is deleted.
4.2 of 2022.
c) Chapter 8 corresponds to Chapter 8 of IEC 60071-11.2022, where 8.1 to 8.2 correspond to 8.1 to 8.2, and IEC 60071-11.2022 is deleted.
August 3rd to August 5th, 2022.
d) Appendix D of IEC 60071-11.2022 has been deleted.
This document has many technical differences compared to IEC 60071-11.2022.
These technical differences and their reasons are as follows.
a) The voltage range description has been added to the scope, "applicable to HVDC systems with a nominal voltage of 1.5kV or above".
The following DC projects are common, but are relatively rare internationally except in China. The purpose of clarifying the voltage range is to adapt to the actual needs of Chinese projects.
At the same time, it is also consistent with the description of voltage range in GB/T 311.1.
b) Regarding normative references, this document has made adjustments to technical differences to adapt to my country's technical conditions. The specific adjustments are as follows.
● The normative reference GB/T 311.1 replaces IEC 60071-1.2019.There is no consistency between the two documents.
relation;
● The normative reference GB/T 311.2 replaces IEC 60071-2.2018.There is no consistency between the two documents.
relation;
● The normative reference GB/T 11032-2020 replaces IEC 60099-4.2014, and the consistency between the two documents
To modify;
● The normative reference GB/T 16927.1 replaces IEC 60060-1, and there is no consistency correspondence between the two documents;
● The normative reference GB/T 26218 (all parts) replaces IEC /T S60815-1.2008 and IEC /T S60815-2.
2008, IEC /T S60815-3.2008, there is no consistency correspondence between the two documents;
● Newly added references to GB/T 2900.19-2022 and GB/T 22389.
c) The relevant terms have been modified to better comply with the basic standard requirements of insulation coordination and adapt to the content of this document. The specific adjustments are as follows.
● Added the terms "grid-commutated converter", "voltage source converter", and "standard voltage waveform for testing" (see 3.3, 3.4,
3.11);
● The terms "maximum DC voltage", "combined overvoltage", "representative slow-front overvoltage", and "representative fast-front overvoltage" have been deleted.
"Representative steep wave front overvoltage", "Switching impulse withstand voltage", "Lightning impulse withstand voltage", "Steep wave front impulse withstand voltage"
"Equivalent continuous operating voltage of lightning arresters" "Equipment directly protected" (see 3.3, 3.7.2.5,
3.8.1, 3.8.2, 3.8.3, 3.11.1, 3.11.2, 3.11.3, 3.13, 3.17);
● Adjust the terms “switching impulse protection level”, “lightning impulse protection level” and “steep wavefront impulse protection level” (see IEC 60071-11.
2022), merged into. "Operational (or lightning/steep wavefront) impulse protection level" (see 3.20).
d) Add "from the aspects of safe operation and technical and economic rationality" to the definition of "insulation coordination" (see 3.1),
The definition of insulation coordination in GB/T 311.1 remains consistent.
e) The definition of “fast-front overvoltage” (see 3.10.2) has been modified to comply with the description requirements of the national standard.
f) 4.2 "Subscript" in IEC 60071-11.2022 has been deleted (see 4.2 of IEC 60071-11.2022).
These subscripts.
g) Modified Figure 1 in Chapter 5 "Insulation Coordination Principles" (see 5.4).
Compared with GB/T 311.1, Figure 1 was modified to be consistent with GB/T 311.1 and to clarify the process.
h) Table 2 in 6.4 corresponds to Table 1 in IEC 60071-11.2022.The steep wavefront impulse voltage waveform and parameters are added to Table 2 and
Add temporary DC overvoltage waveform in the "Temporary" column (see Table 2). For DC equipment, temporary DC overvoltage and steep wave pre-surge
Overvoltage exists in actual working conditions, and steep wavefront impact is an important assessment item.
i) Added the recommended method for altitude correction factor and the recommended value of safety factor (see 6.6). For insulation coordination, these two factors are
It is necessary, so add this content.
j) In "Creep distance", the provisions concerning creepage distance of indoor and outdoor insulation and creepage distance of AC insulators are deleted (see Section 8
This document only provides selection principles, and 8.1 has clearly referred to GB/T 26218 (all parts), so this part is deleted.
content.
k) Modify the title of Appendix C to “Insulation levels and corresponding air clearance distances of typical high-voltage DC equipment” and optimize the wording.
l) Modified the content of C.1.To better suit the use of this document, the content of this section has been simplified.
m) Add "1600" to the impulse withstand voltage series values specified in C.2 of Appendix C to meet the needs of Chinese projects.
n) Modify the title of C.2 to "Specify series values of impulse withstand voltage" to correspond with the main text.
o) Delete "Recommended" in the titles of C.3 and C.4.Appendix C is a normative appendix.
p) Added ±10kV, ±20kV, ±50kV, ±100kV/±120kV/±125kV, ±160kV,
±660kV, ±1100kV DC system nominal voltage insulation level (see Table C.1) and related air gap distance calculation data
According to my country's DC projects, the corresponding insulation level and related air gap distance data are added and improved.
q) Modify the title of C.5.3 to "Standard rated short-duration power-frequency withstand voltage series values" to refer to the description of AC insulation coordination.
The following editorial changes have been made to this document.
a) Incorporate the corrigendum of IEC 60071-11.2022/COR1.2023, and the outer margins of the clauses involved are marked with vertical
Double lines (‖) are marked;
b) The symbols and descriptions of f, T1, T2, Tp, and Tt are added to 4.2 Symbols;
c) Delete the informative Appendix D in IEC 60071-11.2022.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of High Voltage Test Technology and Insulation Coordination (SAC/TC163).
This document was drafted by. Xi'an High Voltage Electrical Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an XD Power System Co., Ltd., China Electric Power Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Southern Power Grid Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an Xidian Lightning Arrester
Co., Ltd., Xi'an High Voltage Electrical Equipment Research Institute Changzhou Co., Ltd., State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an
Jiaotong University, Chongqing University, Xi'an Xidian Transformer Co., Ltd., and China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Company
Research Institute, China Qiyuan Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., East China Electric Power Testing and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an XD Switchgear Co., Ltd.
Shenyang Transformer Research Institute Co., Ltd., Henan High Voltage Electrical Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Henan Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute
Institute, State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an Xidian High Voltage Bushing Co., Ltd., Yunnan Electric
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Corporation of China, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Flexible Transmission Branch of Xuji Electric Co., Ltd., Xi'an
XD Power Capacitor Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Cui Dong, Wang Jiansheng, Gou Ruifeng, He Huiwen, Zhao Xiaobin, Shen Xiaolin, Liu Dapeng, Cheng Xiaoxuan, Zhang Hongtao,
Tong Congwei, Liu Chen, Sun Quan, Wei Peng, Zhang Xiaoyong, Su Chunqiang, Wu Xutao, Dai Min, Wang Lei, Zou Tierui, Liang Tao, Wang Youyuan, Zhang Pengfei, Zhang Changhong,
Li Hualiang, Si Wenrong, Xu Dizhen, Nan Zhenle, Huang Zhifeng, Zhao Jing, Yang Baoxin, Ma Shuhao, Zhao Shujie, Liu Jie, Li Xiuwei, Yu Shifeng, Yang Dingge,
Liu Qiang, Chen Xiaodong, Zhou Fangrong, Wei Tangbin, Huang Yongrui, and Xin Jianwei.
introduction
GB/T 311 "Insulation Coordination" aims to establish the principles and guidelines for high-voltage AC and high-voltage DC insulation coordination.
There are obvious differences between AC insulation coordination and DC insulation coordination, and it needs to be divided into two aspects. AC insulation coordination and DC insulation coordination, which are planned to be composed of the following parts.
--- Part 1.Definitions, principles and rules. The purpose is to establish the definitions, principles and rules of insulation coordination and to provide insulation coordination for AC systems.
Cooperate to provide guidance.
--- Part 2.User Guide. The purpose is to provide user guidance for the correct implementation of Part 1.
--- Part 3.Insulation coordination procedures for HVDC converter stations. The purpose is to provide guidance on insulation coordination for HVDC converter stations.
--- Part 4.Calculation guide for insulation coordination of power grids and its simulation. The purpose is to determine the guidelines for digital calculation of insulation coordination.
--- Part 11.Definitions, principles and rules for insulation coordination of high voltage DC systems. The purpose is to establish the insulation coordination of DC systems.
Defines, principles and rules and provides guidance for insulation coordination in HVDC systems.
--- Part 12.High-voltage DC converter station (LCC) insulation coordination application guide. The purpose is to use LCC as the converter of high-voltage DC converter station
Provide guidance for insulation coordination of DC converter stations.
--- Part 13.High-voltage DC converter station (VSC) insulation coordination application guide. The purpose is to use VSC as the converter of high-voltage
Provide guidance for insulation coordination of DC converter stations.
--- Part 14.Insulation coordination of AC/DC filters in high voltage DC systems. The purpose is to determine the insulation coordination of AC and DC filters in high voltage DC systems.
Insulation coordination of current filters.
--- Part 15.Insulation coordination of DC transmission lines. The purpose is to determine the insulation coordination of DC transmission lines and grounding electrode lines.
This document is part 11 of GB/T 311 "Insulation coordination".
In the difference. my country's DC engineering construction and operation experience is increasingly rich, and it is urgent to unify the DC system insulation coordination standards.
Provide guiding technical documents for construction.
Insulation coordination - Part 11.High voltage direct current systems
Definition, principles and rules of insulation coordination
1 Scope
This document specifies the insulation requirements associated with line-commutated converters (LCCs) and voltage source converters (VSCs) in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.
The principle of coordination procedure is applicable to HVDC systems with nominal voltage above 1.5kV. Its main principles are also applicable to other special structures of LCC.
The capacitor-commutated converter (CCC) and the controlled series-compensated converter (CSCC) are commonly used converters.
This document specifies the principles for the procedure for determining the specified withstand voltage, creepage distances and minimum air clearance distances for equipment and devices in a system;
The typical DC voltage, specified withstand voltage and corresponding minimum air gap distance are given.
This document applies to the connection between the AC busbar (including AC harmonic filter, converter transformer, circuit breaker) and the DC line side of the converter station.
The insulation coordination of equipment. The impact of lines and cables on the insulation coordination of converter station equipment is also included.
This document is only applicable to HVDC systems in power systems and is not applicable to industrial converter equipment. The principles and rules given are only for
This document does not address requirements for personal safety.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 311.1 Insulation coordination Part 1.Definitions, principles and rules (GB/T 311.1-2012, IEC 60071-1.2006,
MOD)
GB/T 311.2 Insulation coordination Part 2.Guidelines for use (GB/T 311.2-2013, IEC 60071-2.1996, MOD)
GB/T 2900.19-2022 Electrical terminology - High voltage test techniques and insulation coordination
GB/T 11032-2020 AC gapless metal oxide surge arresters (IEC 60099-4.2014, MOD)
GB/T 16927.1 High voltage test technology Part 1.General definitions and test requirements (GB/T 16927.1-2011,
IEC 60060-1.2010, MOD)
GB/T 22389 High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station Ungapped Metal Oxide Arresters (GB/T 22389-2023, IEC 60099-9.
2014, MOD)
GB/T 26218 (all parts) Selection and sizing of high-voltage insulators for use under polluted conditions
Note. GB/T 26218.1-2010 Selection and sizing of high-voltage insulators for use under polluted conditions Part 1.Definitions, information and general principles
(IEC /T S60815-1.2008,MOD)
GB/T 26218.2-2010 Selection and sizing of high-voltage insulators for use under polluted conditions Part 2.Porcelain and glass insulators for AC systems
Edge (IEC /T S60815-2.2008, MOD)
GB/T 26218.3-2011 Selection and sizing of high-voltage insulators for use under polluted conditions Part 3.Composite insulators for AC systems
(IEC /T S60815-3.2008,MOD)
GB/T 26218.4-2019 Selection and sizing of high-voltage insulators for use under polluted conditions Part 4.Insulators for DC systems
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2900.19-2022, GB/T 11032-2020 and the following apply to this document.
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