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Insulating back sheet for crystalline silicon photovoltaic(PV) modules
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Insulating back sheet for crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules
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| Standard ID | GB/T 31034-2024 (GB/T31034-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Insulating back sheet for crystalline silicon photovoltaic(PV) modules | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K15 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.035.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 18,178 | | Date of Issue | 2024-09-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-04-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 31034-2014 | | Drafting Organization | Suzhou Saiwu Application Technology Technology Co., Ltd., Tongwei Solar (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Zhonglai New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Gutai New Materials Co., Ltd., Guilin Saimeng Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Mingguan New Materials Co., Ltd., Guilin Electric Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lucky Film Co., Ltd., Sichuan Dongcai New Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Yuxing Thin Film Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Baolida Electrical Materials Co., Ltd., Guangdong Shunde Dadiyuan New Materials Co., Ltd., Weikai Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou Baijia Times Thin Film Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhongju Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Heshun Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi Inspection and Certification Institute, Longi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Ruigao New Materials Co., Ltd., Changhong Meiling Co., Ltd., Hefei Ketian Water-based Technology Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan Ruigao Technology Co., Ltd., Kunshan Achilles New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Meisheng New Materials Co., Ltd., Passenger Vehicle Branch of Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Hexin New Materials Co., Ltd., Kunshan Beice Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Chehejia Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Weilai Automobile Co., Ltd., Lishui Quality Inspection and Testing Institute, Shandong Tongda Island New Materials Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Luoxing Chemical Co., Ltd., Tenshu (Fujian) Microfiber Technology Co., Ltd., Hubei Qili Polymer Materials Co., Ltd., Anhui Amway Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan Weisda New Materials Co., Ltd., Chongqing Shuangxiang Super | | Administrative Organization | National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulation Materials (SAC/TC 51) | | Proposing organization | China Electrical Equipment Industry Association | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration |
GB/T 31034-2024. Insulating backsheet for crystalline silicon solar cell modules
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
ICS 29.035.99CCS K 15
Insulating backsheet for crystalline silicon solar cell modules
Insulating back sheet for crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
2024-09-29 Release
2025-04-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Replaces GB/T 31034-2014
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅲ
1 Scope·····1
2 Normative references ····1
3 Terms and Definitions 2
4 Categories·····2
5 Requirements 2
6 Test methods 5
7 Inspection Rules····11
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage····11
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
This document replaces GB/T 31034-2014 "Insulating backsheet for crystalline silicon solar cell modules". Compared with GB/T 31034-2014,
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
--Added co-extruded backsheet product types and performance requirements (see Chapter 4, Table 1);
--Added "unit area mass and allowable deviation", "long-term heat resistance", "comparative tracking index (CTI)", "insulation penetration distance"
(DTI) “transmittance” and “reflectance” performance requirements (see Table 1);
--Differentiate the “maximum system voltage” requirement into DC 1000 V and DC 1500 V (see Table 1, Table 1 of the.2014 edition);
--Change the UV aging radiation dose from "60 kWh/m2, 45 kWh/m2 and 30 kWh/m2" to "UV300 kWh/m2,
UV200 kWh/m2 and UV120 kWh/m2” (see Table 1, Table 3 of the.2014 edition);
--Change "Record the median value of the data results and report the minimum value" in "Thickness" to "Record the average value of the results, accurate to 1 μm"
(See 6.3, 6.3 of the.2014 edition);
--Deleted the provision of "this method is preferred" for the electrolytic sensor method in the test method "water vapor transmission rate" (2014 edition
6.5.1);
--Change the tensile speed in "Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break" from 100 mm/min to 50 mm/min, and take the test results in the middle
The value is changed to the average value (see 6.8, 6.6 of the.2014 edition);
-- "Interlayer peel strength [composite]", "backsheet/encapsulation film peel strength", "backsheet/silicone peel strength" and "UV resistance
The median value of the test results in "UV (Aging)" was changed to the average value (see 6.9, 6.11, 6.12 and 6.26,.2014 edition)
6.7, 6.9, 6.10 and 6.20);
--Added the corresponding test requirements of "breakdown voltage" and "elongation at break" in "resistance to moisture and heat aging" and "resistance to ultraviolet (UV) aging"
The size and quantity of the specimens specified (see 6.25 and 6.26);
--Deleted the content in "Abrasion resistance" that complies with the requirements of JTG E40-2007 and JTG E60-2008 (6.23 of the.2014 edition).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulation Materials (SAC/TC 51).
This document was drafted by. Suzhou Saiwu Application Technology Co., Ltd., Tongwei Solar Energy (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Zhonglai New Materials Science and Technology
Technology Co., Ltd., JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Gutai New Materials Co., Ltd., Guilin Saimeng Testing Technology Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd., Mingguan New Materials Co., Ltd., Guilin Electric Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lucky Film Co., Ltd., Sichuan Dongcai New Materials
Jiangsu Yuxing Thin Film Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Baolida Electrical Materials Co., Ltd., Guangdong Shunde Dadiyuan New Materials Co., Ltd.
Materials Co., Ltd., Weikai Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou Baijia Era Film Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zhongju Materials Co., Ltd.
Hangzhou Heshun Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi Inspection, Testing and Certification Institute, Longi Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., CEC Solar
Solar Energy Technology (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang JinkoSolar Co., Ltd., China Construction Second Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Co., Ltd.
Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan Sike Testing Technology Co., Ltd., China University of Metrology, Zhejiang Aixu Solar Technology Co., Ltd.
Company, Shangmai (Zhenjiang) New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Yuntong Tianxia Technology Co., Ltd., Suqian Taijing New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.,
Hangzhou Xinzi Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Suori Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Meike Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City
Shibao New Energy Co., Ltd., Jiujiang Honglida Composite Materials Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiaxing Fuying Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Tangshan Haitai New Energy
Technology Co., Ltd., China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Ultra-high Voltage Transmission Company, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute
Research Institute, Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co., Ltd., and Shenzhen Tongtaiying Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Wu Xiaoping, Wang Mingjun, Wei Chen, Tang Chao, Dai Jianfang, Luo Chuanyong, Meng Zhao, Xia Zhengyue, Zhang Fute, Zhang Peng,
Zhao Jie, Tian Jianyong, Zhang Jun, Li Huafeng, Zhou Xu, Cai Shuyi, Li Jiexia, Zhou Shudong, Zhang Mengqiang, Fan Heqiang, Liu Yi, Lü Jun, Huang Guoping, Dai Jian,
Zhang Mao, Zhao Dongming, Zhang Muqing, Zhu Peiwu, Yan Dengzhou, Lu Jiayan, Wang Yongqian, Wang Weili, Li Menglei, Chen Lifeng, Ma Lei, Ma Jianhua, Song Jinshuai,
Yi Cailu, Zhang Yuejun, Fang Yan, Wang Yicheng, Li Qiyun, Ke Zhen, Ye Weimin, Li Jiwei, Deng Jun, Fu Qiang, Zhang Li, Peng Lei, Zhao Yaohong, Li Mengyuan,
Liu Lifang, Tang Feng, and Hu Yubo.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
--First published in.2014 as GB/T 31034-2014;
--This is the first modification.
Insulating backsheet for crystalline silicon solar cell modules
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification, requirements, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of insulating backsheets for crystalline silicon solar cell modules.
The corresponding test methods are described.
This document applies to insulating backsheets for crystalline silicon solar cell modules (hereinafter referred to as "backsheets").
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 191 Pictorial markings for packaging, storage and transportation
GB/T 1408.1-2016 Test methods for electrical strength of insulating materials Part 1.Tests at power frequency
GB/T 2410-2008 Determination of light transmittance and haze of transparent plastics
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2.Test methods Test Ka. Salt spray
GB/T 2790 Adhesive 180° peel strength test method Flexible material to rigid material
GB/T 2900.5 Electrical terminology. insulating solids, liquids and gases
GB/T 3979-2008 Measurement method of object color
GB/T 4207-2021 Determination of tracking resistance index and relative tracking index of solid insulating materials
GB/T 5591.2-2017 Flexible composite materials for electrical insulation Part 2.Test methods
GB/T 7921 Uniform color space and color difference formula
GB/T 8808-1988 Peel test method for soft composite plastic materials
GB/T 9286 Paint and varnish cross-cut test
GB/T 11026.1 Heat resistance of electrical insulating materials Part 1.Aging procedures and evaluation of test results
GB/T 13542.2-2021 Films for electrical insulation Part 2.Test methods
GB/T 16935.1-2023 Insulation coordination for equipment in low voltage power supply systems Part 1.Principles, requirements and tests
GB/T 21529 Determination of water vapor transmission rate of plastic films and sheets - Electrolytic sensor method
GB/T 23988 Determination of abrasion resistance of coatings - Falling sand method
GB/T 23989-2009 Determination of solvent resistance of coatings
GB/T 26253 Plastic film and sheeting - Determination of water vapor transmission rate - Infrared detector method
GB/T 31838.2 Dielectric and resistance properties of solid insulating materials Part 2.Resistance properties (DC method) Volume resistance and volume
Resistivity
IEC 61215-2.2021 Terrestrial crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules design qualification and type approval Part 2.Test procedures [Terrestrial
IEC 61730-1.2023 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety certification Part 1.Structural requirements
safety qualification-Part 1：Requirements for construction]
......
GB/T 31034-2014
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.035.99
K 15
Insulating back sheet for crystalline
silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 05, 2014
IMPLEMENTED ON. JULY 01, 2015
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Product classification ... 5
5 Requirements ... 6
6 Test methods ... 8
7 Inspection rules ... 16
8 Packaging, marking, transportation and storage ... 17
Insulating back sheet for crystalline
silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules
1 Scope
This standard specifies the classification, requirements, test methods,
inspection rules, packaging, marking, transportation and storage of insulating
back sheet for crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules.
This standard applies to insulating back sheet for crystalline silicon terrestrial
photovoltaic (PV) modules (hereinafter referred to as “back sheet”).
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 191-2008 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 1408.1-2006 Electrical strength of insulating materials - Test methods
- Part 1. Tests at power frequencies
GB/T 1410-2006 Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity
of solid electrical insulating materials
GB/T 2423.3-2006 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
- Part 2. Testing method test Cab. Damp heat steady state
GB/T 2423.17-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic
products - Part 2. Test method - Test Ka. Salt mist
GB/T 2790-1995 Adhesives, 180° peel strength test method for a flexible-
bonded-to-rigid test specimen assembly
GB/T 3979-2008 Methods for the measurement of object color
GB/T 7921-2008 Uniform color space and color difference formula
GB/T 8808-1988 Soft composite plastic material - Peeling test method
GB/T 9286-1998 Paints and varnishes - Cross cut test for films
GB/T 13542.2-2009 Film for electrical insulation - Part 2. Methods of test
GB/T 16935.1-2008 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage
systems - Part 1. Principles requirements and tests
GB/T 21529-2008 Determination of water vapor transmission rate for plastic
film and sheeting - Electrolytic detection sensor method
GB/T 23988-2009 Determination for abrasion resistance of coatings by
falling abrasive
GB/T 23989-2009 Determination for the solvent resistance of coatings by
solvent rubs
GB/T 26253-2010 Determination of water vapor transmission rate for
plastics-film and sheeting - Infrared detection sensor method
IEC 61215.2005 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules -
Design qualification and type approval
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Water vapor transmission rate; WVTR
The amount of water vapor which transmits through unit area of the sample
per unit time under specific conditions, in grams per square meter of day [g
/ (m2 • d)].
4 Product classification
The back sheet protects and supports the crystalline silicon terrestrial
photovoltaic modules; it has reliable insulation, hydrolysis resistance, ultraviolet
resistance, electric thermal aging resistance. Generally, it has a three-layer
structure. the outer layer of fluorine film [polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVDF), etc.], a fluorine coating [polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
chlorotrifluoroethylene resin (CTFE), etc.] protective layer has good resistance
to environmental corrosion; the middle layer is usually polyester (PET) film,
which has good insulation performance; the inner layer is fluorine film or fluorine
coating, ethylene and polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) copolymer, etc., which
has good bonding performance.
6.3 Thickness
In accordance with the provisions of clause 4 of GB/T 13542.2-2009. In the
same roll of sample, along the film roll, transversely take three strips of back
sheets of the original width and 100 mm length as the specimen, measure 9
points at each strip of specimen, wherein the spacing between any two points
shall be not less than 50 mm. For the non-edge-cut specimen, the
measurement point shall be 50 mm away from the edge. For the edge-cut
specimen, the measurement point shall be 2 mm away from the edge. Record
the data result, take the median, report the minimum value.
6.4 Thermal shrinkage rate
In accordance with the provisions of clause 23 of GB/T 13542.2-2009. Hang
the specimen in a constant temperature oven at a heating temperature of (150
± 2) °C, the heating time is 30 min. Test two specimens. Respectively use the
average values of the longitudinal and transverse shrinkage rates as test results.
6.5 Water vapor transmission rate
6.5.1 Electrolytic sensor method
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 21529-2008. Test conditions.
Temperature (38 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (90 ± 2) %; test three specimens, the
result takes the median, report the maximum value. It is recommended to give
priority to this method.
6.5.2 Infrared sensor method
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 26253-2010. Test three specimens,
the result takes the median, report the maximum value.
6.6 Tensile strength and elongation at break
In accordance with the provisions of clause 11 of GB/T 13542.2-2009. The
specimen has a length of 200 mm and a width of (15 ± 1) mm, take 5 specimens
along transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. The measurement
accuracy of the specimen width is not less than 0.1 mm. At the middle of the
specimen, make two marking lines which are apart for at least 50 mm; at the
tensile speed of 100 mm /min, apply the load until the single component of the
specimen is broken, as an end point. Take the median value of the five test
values in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, as the result,
report the minimum value.
6.7 Inter-layer peel strength [composite type (including fusion bonding
type)]
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 2790-1995. The specimen has a
6.10 Back sheet/silicone peel strength
Take two 200 mm × 15 mm back sheets, spread the specified silicone evenly
on the outer surface of one back sheet specimen (contact the air surface); use
the outer surface of another back sheet to cover the silicone. There is no gap
between the two back sheets and the silicone. The silicone’s thickness is 3 mm
~ 5 mm. Under the conditions of temperature 20 °C ~ 25 °C and humidity 50%
~ 80%, dry it for 7 d. Perform test in accordance with the provisions of method
A in GB/T 8808-1988. Test five groups of specimens, take the median value,
report the minimum value.
Note. For the fusion-bonded back sheet, before the test, it may laminate and
condition the back sheet at 145 °C for 20 min.
6.11 Breakdown voltage
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1408.1-2006. Use an electrode
system which has an upper and lower electrode diameter of Φ6 mm. The test
is carried out in transformer oil. The electrical strength of the transformer oil is
not less than 12 kV/mm. The specimen size is 100 mm × 100 mm, the number
of specimens is 5. Use the short-time (fast) boosting method to perform test, at
the boosting speed of 1000 V/s. The result takes the median value; report the
minimum value.
6.12 Volume resistivity
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1410-2006. Use a two-electrode
system which has a measuring electrode diameter of Φ25 mm and a high-
voltage electrode diameter of Φ27 mm, the electrode material may be vacuum
coated, conductive rubber, oil-coated aluminum foil. The DC voltage applied to
the specimen is 500 V, the electrification time is 2 min, the number of specimens
is 3. Take the median value of the test values as the test result, report the
minimum value.
6.13 Maximum system voltage
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 16935.1-2008. The specimen size is
100 mm × 100 mm, the number of specimens is 10.
The electrode system uses a symmetrical electrode of Φ25 mm/Φ25 mm, its
edge is rounded into an arc of radius (3.0 ± 0.2) mm in accordance with Figure
1 b) of GB/1408.1-2006 [translator note. should be GB/T 1408.1-2006].
The voltage shall rise evenly from 0 V, the partial discharge will increase
gradually from low to high. When the voltage exceeds 2.5 pC suddenly, record
the voltage value at this time as the initial partial discharge voltage Uinc,
increase voltage continuously to 1.1 Uinc, maintain for T1 (T1 = 10 s). Then
such phenomenon as delamination, blistering, or discoloration.
6.16 Alkali resistance
Cut three 100 mm × 100 mm specimens, immerse them in a closed container
which is filled with potassium hydroxide solution at pH 11 ± 0.2 for 24 h, take
out the specimen, use clean water to rinse it clean, check whether the specimen
has such phenomenon as delamination, blistering, or discoloration.
6.17 Solvent resistance
In accordance with the provisions of the method B of GB/T 23989-2009.
Prepare two specimens, the solvent is anhydrous ethanol. Perform solvent
resistant wiping against the external surface (the surface in contact with air) of
the back sheet, check whether the specimen’s underlying substrate is exposed.
6.18 Boiling water treatment
Cut three 100 mm × 100 mm specimens, place them in a constant temperature
boiling water bath at (98 ± 2) °C to condition them for 24 hours. After removal,
use the filter paper to absorb all moisture from surface. Check and record
whether the specimen is delaminated, blistered, wrinkled, discolored and sticky.
At the same time, determine the inter-layer peel strength of each specimen in
accordance with GB/T 2790-1995, or measure the coating adhesion of each
specimen in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 9286-1998.
6.19 Constant damp heat treatment
In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 2423.3-2006. Cut three 100 mm ×
100 mm specimens. Place them in a constant temperature and humidity test
chamber at a temperature of (85 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (85 ± 5) %
for treatment, the treatment time is as specified in Table 2. After the test, take
out the specimen, check and record whether the specimen is delaminated,
blistered, cracked and sticky. At the same time, in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 1408.1-2006, determine the breakdown voltage of each
specimen, the result takes the median value, report the minimum value. In
accordance with the provisions of clause 11 of GB/T 13542.2-2009, determine
the elongation at break of three specimens, calculate the retention rate of
elongation at break, the result takes the median value, report the minimum
value. In accordance with the provisions of GB/T 3979-2008 and GB/T 7921-
2008, determine the yellow index b of the specimen, calculate the Δb. The result
takes the median value, report the maximum value.
6.20 UV treatment
In accordance with the provisions of clause 10.10 of IEC 61215.2005. Cut three
100 mm × 100 mm specimens, the test temperature is (60 ± 5) °C. Apply the
include all items required by this standard.
1) Identification of new product’s finalization or old product’s transfer-plant
production;
2) When it is in normal production for a long time, it is carried out once a
year;
3) When there are major changes in raw materials, formulations and
processes;
4) When production is restored after suspended for more than half a year;
5) When the exit-factory inspection result is significantly different from the
previous type inspection;
6) When the quality supervision institute proposes the inspection
requirements.
7.3 Determination
If the performance test results of the product meet the requirements of this
standard, it is judged as qualified. If there is a non-conformity after inspection,
the sample shall be doubled for re-inspection, and the result of the re-inspection
shall prevail. If the re-inspection result is acceptable, it is determined that the
batch of products is qualified; if it is still unqualified, it is determined that the
batch of products is unqualified.
7.4 Acceptance
The purchaser shall conduct product acceptance in accordance with the
provisions of this standard, the products that have passed the inspection shall
be accepted. If there is non-conformity item after inspection, the sample may
be doubled for re-inspection, and the result of the re-inspection shall prevail. If
there are still non-conformity items, it shall be dealt with by the supplier and the
purchaser through negotiation.
8 Packaging, marking, transportation and storage
8.1 Packaging
The product shall be sealed and packaged in the dark. Packaging materials
such as shaft core, plastic film, baffle and carton shall be able to guarantee the
use requirements. The packaging shall ensure the safe transportation of the
product and be accompanied by a product certificate.
8.2 Marking
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