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GB/T 2999-2025: Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials
Status: Valid GB/T 2999: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB/T 2999-2025 | English | 279 |
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Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials
| Valid |
GB/T 2999-2025
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| GB/T 2999-2016 | English | 90 |
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Refractory materials -- Determination of bulk density of granular materials
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GB/T 2999-2016
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| GB/T 2999-2002 | English | 479 |
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Refractory materials -- Determination of bulk density of granular materials
| Obsolete |
GB/T 2999-2002
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| GB/T 2999-1982 | English | 199 |
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Test method for the bulk density of granular refractory materials
| Obsolete |
GB/T 2999-1982
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Standard similar to GB/T 2999-2025 GB/T 51033 GB/T 50082 Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 2999-2025 (GB/T2999-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Q40 | | Classification of International Standard | 81.080 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,185 | | Date of Issue | 2025-08-01 | | Date of Implementation | 2026-02-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 2999-2016 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of China | GB/T 2999-2025: Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT2999-2025
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
ICS 81.080CCS Q 40
Test method for bulk density of refractory particles
[ISO 8840.2021, Refractory materials-Determination of bulk density of
granular materials (grain density), MOD]
Released on August 1, 2025
2026-02-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Replaces GB/T 2999-2016
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
This document replaces GB/T 2999-2016 "Test method for bulk density of refractory particles". Compared with GB/T 2999-2016,
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) The scope of application has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2016 edition);
b) The particle size range requirements for particle samples have been changed (see 6.1 of the.2016 edition);
c) Change “the apparent mass of the saturated specimen” to “the mass of the saturated specimen in the immersion liquid” (see Chapter 4, 8.3, 8.6,.2016 Edition)
Chapter 4, 8.3, 8.6);
d) The test sieve requirements have been changed (see 8.1.1, 8.1.1 of the.2016 edition);
e) The container used for immersion test specimens has been changed (see 8.1.6, 8.1.6 of the.2016 edition);
f) The requirements for immersion liquid have been changed (see 8.1.8, 8.1.8 of the.2016 edition);
g) Added requirements for containers with overflow pipes (see 8.1.10);
h) The content of sample immersion has been changed (see 8.2, 8.2 of the.2016 edition);
i) Added Figure 1 “Schematic diagram of the structure for determining the mass (m2) of a saturated specimen in immersion liquid using a single-pan or double-pan balance” (see 8.3);
j) Added requirements for test reports (see Chapter 12).
This document is modified to adopt ISO 8840.2021 "Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density (grain density)".
Compared with ISO 8840.2021, this document has many structural adjustments. The structural number changes between the two documents are shown in the table below.
See Appendix A.
This document has more technical differences than ISO 8840.2021.
A list of these technical differences and their reasons is given in Appendix B.
The following editorial changes have been made to this document.
--To coordinate with the existing standard, the name of the standard is changed to "Test Method for Bulk Density of Refractory Particles";
--Added Appendix A (informative) "Structural changes of this document compared with ISO 8840.2021";
--Added Appendix B (informative) "Technical differences between this document and ISO 8840.2021 and their reasons".
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Refractory Materials (SAC/TC 193).
This document was drafted by. MCC Testing and Certification Co., Ltd., Shandong Metallurgical Design Institute Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo Jinxin Hengtuo New Materials
Co., Ltd., Dongtai Hongda Heat-resistant Materials Co., Ltd., University of Science and Technology Beijing, Zhejiang Hongfeng Furnace Material Co., Ltd., Sinosteel Luoyang
Refractory Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tangshan Seoul Refractory Materials Co., Ltd., and Shanxi Haoye New Materials Development Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Sun Yang, Li Qingsheng, Li Yong, Tian Zhihong, Xu Deting, Liu Chunqing, Yuan Changdong, Zhang Xiuhua, Ao Ping, Zhou Yong, Ai Li,
Bai Dongjing, Chen Yu, Li Yuanyuan, Wang Xiaoli, Chen Bo, Liu Lun, Li Huajun, Yuan Hong, Chen Tingting, and Jin Shaohu.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
--First published as GB/T 2999-1982 in 1982, first revised in.2002, and second revised in.2016;
--This is the third revision.
Test method for bulk density of refractory particles
1 Scope
This document describes two methods for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials with a particle size greater than 2.0 mm.
--Method 1.weighing method;
--Method 2.burette method.
Method 1 is used as the arbitration method.
This document applies to the determination of bulk density of granular refractory materials.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 2997 Test method for bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products (GB/T 2997-2015,
ISO 5017.2013, MOD)
GB/T 6005 Test sieves - Basic dimensions of mesh openings for wire mesh, perforated plate and electroformed sheet (GB/T 6005-2008,
ISO 565.1990, MOD)
GB/T 8170 Rules for rounding off values and expression and determination of limit values
GB/T 17617 Rules for Sampling and Inspection of Refractory Raw Materials (GB/T 17617-2018, ISO 8656-1.1988, MOD)
GB/T 18930 Terminology for Refractory Materials (GB/T 18930-2020, ISO 836.2001, MOD)
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 18930 apply to this document.
4 Principles
The volume density of the sample is calculated by weighing the mass of the dry sample, the mass of the saturated sample suspended in the immersion liquid, and the mass of the saturated sample.
Alternatively, the bulk density of the sample can be calculated by weighing the mass of the dry sample and determining the volume of the sample using the burette method.
5 Sampling
Laboratory samples shall be taken from the products in accordance with the sampling plan specified in GB/T 17617 or agreed upon by relevant parties.
6.Samples
6.1 Preparation of test specimens
Take representative samples from the laboratory samples according to regulations, crush them and sieve them (particles smaller than 5.0 mm can be sieved directly).
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