GB/T 28410: Evolution and historical versions
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 28410-2025 (GB/T28410-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Structural steel plate for wind power tower | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Date of Implementation | 2026-03-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 28410-2012 | GB/T 28410-2012: Structural steel plate for wind power tower---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Structural steel plate for wind power tower
ICS 77.140.50
H46
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Structural steel plate for wind power tower
Released on June 26,.2012
2013-03-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard is based on EN10025.2004 "Non-alloy steel technical delivery conditions", ASTMA709.2005 "bridge carbon steel and high
On the basis of low-strength structural steel, steel plate, steel bar and quenched and tempered alloy structural steel plate, combined with structural steel plate for wind power tower in China
Prepared by actual production and application.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183).
This standard was drafted. Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Tianjin Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Hunan Hualing Xiangtan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.
Gold Industry Information Standards Institute, Laiwu Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Angang Steel Co., Ltd., Jinan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Ma Steel Co., Ltd.
Company, Shougang Corporation, Handan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Liu Lihua, Xu Haiquan, Chu Juefei, Xu Keliang, Wang Xiaohu, Luo Deng, Du Chuanzhi, Liu Xuyuan, Gao Ling, Fang Tuoye,
Zhuang Jianzhi, Shi Li, Gong Wenxu, Qi Zhangguo, Li Xiaoli, Zhou Ping, He Hongmei, Pu Zhimin, Liang Chuan.
Structural steel plate for wind power tower
1 Scope
This standard specifies the grade, order content, size, shape, weight and allowable deviation, technical requirements, and test of structural steel plates for wind power towers.
Test methods, inspection rules, packaging, signs and quality certificates.
This standard is applicable to structural steel plates for wind power towers with a thickness of 6mm~100mm.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
Permissible deviation of chemical composition of finished products of GB/T 222 steel
GB/T 223.5 Determination of silicate and total silicon content - Res. silicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Determination of aluminium content of steels and alloys - chrome azure S spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.12 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Sodium carbonate separation - Diphenylcarbonyl hydrazide photometric method
GB/T 223.14 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Determination of vanadium content by extraction spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.16 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Determination of titanium content by chromotropic acid photometric method
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - s.
GB/T 223.23 Determination of nickel content in steels and alloys - succinimide spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.26 Determination of molybdenum content of steels and alloys - thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.37 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Distillation separation - Determination of nitrogen content
GB/T 223.40 Determination of bismuth content of steels and alloys
GB/T 223.62 Methods for chemical analysis of steels and alloys - Determination of phosphorus content by butyl acetate extraction spectrophotometry
GB/T 223.63 Determination of manganese content by sodium periodate (potassium) photometric method
GB/T 223.67 Determination of sulfur content of steels and alloys - s
GB/T 223.69 Determination of carbon content of steels and alloys
GB/T 223.78 Determination of boron content by direct photometric method with curcumin
GB/T 228.1 tensile testing of metallic materials - Part 1
GB/T 229 metal material Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 232 metal material bending test method
General provisions of GB/T 247 steel and steel strip packaging, marking and quality certificates
GB/T 709 hot rolled steel sheet and strip size, shape, weight and tolerance
GB/T 2970 thick steel plate ultrasonic inspection method
GB/T 2975 steel and steel products mechanical properties test sampling position and sample preparation
GB/T 4336 carbon steel and medium-low alloy steels by spark source atomic emission spectrometry (conventional method)
GB/T 5313 thickness direction performance steel plate
GB/T 14977 General requirements for surface quality of hot rolled steel sheets
General technical requirements for the delivery of GB/T 17505 steel and steel products
GB/T 20066 Sampling and sample preparation method for samples for determination of chemical composition of steel and iron
JB/T 4730.3 Non-destructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3
YB/T 081 Metallic technical standards for numerical repair and determination of test values
3 classification and code
The grade of the steel plate is the first letter of the Chinese Pinyin representing the yield strength, the lower limit of the yield strength, and the first letter of the Chinese pinyin of the "wind tower".
The quality level symbol is composed of several parts.
For example. Q345FTD, where.
Q --- The first letter of the Chinese character Pinyin of the yield strength of the wind tower steel;
345---the lower limit of yield strength, unit N/mm2;
FT --- the first letter of the "wind tower" Hanyu Pinyin;
D --- quality level symbol.
When the steel sheet is required to have thickness direction performance, the thickness direction (Z-direction) performance level is added after the above-mentioned specified grades.
The symbol "Z15 (Z25, Z35)", such as. Q345FTDZ15.
4 Ordering content
Contracts or orders ordered in accordance with this standard shall include at least the following.
a) this standard number;
b) product name;
c) brand;
d) size, shape and deviation requirements;
e) weight;
f) delivery status;
g) Special requirements.
5 Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerance
The size, shape, weight and tolerance of the steel plate shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 709.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 Grades and chemical composition
6.1.1 The grade and chemical composition of the steel plate (melting analysis) shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.
6.1.1.1 The grain elements Al, Nb, V, and Ti should be added to at least one of them, and may be added alone or in any combination.
It is ensured that at least one of them is not less than 0.015%. When added separately, the content should meet the values listed in Table 1. When mixing
In the case of two or more, the total amount should be no more than 0.22%.
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6.1.1.3 Acid-soluble aluminum (Als) and all-aluminum (Alt) content are not applicable if other nitrogen-fixing elements are added.
6.1.2 The allowable deviation of the chemical composition of the finished steel sheet shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 222.
6.1.3 The carbon equivalent (CEV) of the steel plate shall be calculated from the smelting analysis component according to formula (1), and its value shall comply with the requirements of Tables 2 to 5.
CEV=C Mn/6 (Cr Mo V)/5 (Ni Cu)/15 (1)
6.1.4 Steel plates delivered by thermomechanical rolling or thermomechanical rolling plus tempering, when the C content is not more than 0.12%, welding cracks may be used.
The sensitivity index (Pcm) is used to evaluate the weldability of the steel plate instead of the carbon equivalent. The Pcm should be calculated from the smelting analysis component according to formula (2), and the value should be consistent with
The provisions of Table 4.
Pcm=C Si/30 Mn/20 Cu/20 Ni/60 Cr/20 Mo/15 V/10 5B(2)
6.1.5 The S content of the Z-direction steel plate shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 5313.
6.2 Smelting methods
The steel plate is smelted by a converter or an electric furnace and should be refined outside the furnace.
6.3 Delivery status
For structural steel plates for wind towers of different grades and thicknesses, the delivery status shall comply with the requirements of Tables 2 to 5.
Table 2 Steel plate grades and their carbon equivalents delivered in hot rolled and controlled rolling conditions
Grade delivery status quality level
Carbon equivalent (CEV) /%
Thickness ≤ 40mm Thickness > 40mm
Q235FT
Q275FT
Q345FT
Hot rolling, controlled rolling
B, C, D, E ≤ 0.36 ≤ 0.39
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.38 ≤ 0.40
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.42 ≤ 0.44
Q420FT
Q460FT
Hot rolling, controlled rolling
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.45 ≤ 0.47
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.46 ≤ 0.48
Table 3 Steel plate grades and their carbon equivalents for normalized, normalized rolling delivery
Grade delivery status quality level
Carbon equivalent (CEV) /%
Thickness ≤ 40mm Thickness > 40mm
Q235FT
Q275FT
Q345FT
Normalizing, normalizing rolling
B, C, D, E ≤ 0.38 ≤ 0.40
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.42
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.43 ≤ 0.45
Q420FT
Q460FT
Normalizing, normalizing rolling
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.48 ≤ 0.50
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.52 ≤ 0.53
Table 4 Steel plate grades and their carbon equivalents and Pcm for TMCP and TMCP tempered delivery
Grade delivery status quality level
Carbon equivalent (CEV) /%
Thickness/mm
≤40 >40~60 >60
Pcm/%
Q275FT
Q345FT
Q420FT
Q460FT
Q550FT
Q620FT
Q690FT
TMCP,
TMCP tempering
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.34 ≤ 0.36 ≤ 0.38 ≤ 0.20
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.39 ≤ 0.41 ≤ 0.43 ≤ 0.20
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.44 ≤ 0.46 ≤ 0.48 ≤ 0.20
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.46 ≤ 0.48 ≤ 0.50 ≤ 0.20
D, E ≤ 0.48 ≤ 0.50 ≤ 0.52 ≤ 0.25
D, E ≤ 0.49 ≤ 0.51 ≤ 0.53 ≤ 0.25
D, E ≤ 0.50 ≤ 0.52 ≤ 0.54 ≤ 0.25
Table 5 Steel grades and carbon equivalents delivered in quenched and tempered condition
Grade delivery status quality level
Carbon equivalent (CEV) /%
Thickness/mm
≤40 >40~100
Q460FT
Q550FT
Q620FT
Q690FT
Quenching and tempering
C, D, E, F ≤ 0.48 ≤ 0.50
D, E ≤ 0.55 ≤ 0.60
D, E ≤ 0.56 ≤ 0.62
D, E ≤ 0.58 ≤ 0.65
6.4 Mechanics and process performance
6.4.1 Tensile test
The tensile test properties of the steel sheet are to comply with the requirements of Table 6.
6.4.2 Charpy V-notch impact test
6.4.2.1 The impact temperature and impact energy of the Charpy V-notch impact test of steel plates shall comply with the requirements of Table 6.
6.4.2.2 For steel plates with a thickness of not less than 12 mm, the impact specimen shall be taken as a standard specimen of 10 mm × 10 mm × 55 mm; the thickness shall be less than 12 mm.
The steel plate shall be 7.5mm × 10mm × 55mm or 5mm × 10mm × 55mm, and the impact energy shall be
Not less than 75% or 50% of the value specified in Table 6, it is preferred to use a larger size sample.
6.4.2.3 Impact test results of steel plates are calculated from the arithmetic mean of a set of three samples. Allow one of the test values to be lower than
The specified value, but should not be lower than 70% of the specified value. Otherwise, three samples should be taken from the same sampled steel plate for testing. Six samples are successively tested.
The arithmetic mean of the test results shall not be lower than the specified value, and the test results of 2 samples are allowed to be lower than the specified value, but less than the specified value.
Only one of 70% of the samples is allowed.
6.4.3 The shrinkage rate of the Z-direction steel in the thickness direction shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 5313.
6.4.4 When the demand side requires bending test, the bending test shall comply with the requirements of Table 6. If the supplier guarantees that the bending is acceptable, it may not be bent.
test.
6.5 Surface quality
6.5.1 The surface of the steel plate shall be free of air bubbles, crusting, cracks, folding, inclusions, pressed into the iron oxide scale, etc., and the steel plate shall not have delamination.
6.5.2 The surface of the steel plate is allowed to have a thin layer of iron oxide scale, rust, and inconsistency caused by the falling of the iron oxide scale.
The surface is rough, scratched, indented and other local defects, but the depth is not more than half of the thickness tolerance, and the minimum thickness of the steel plate should be ensured.
6.5.3 The surface defects of the steel plate are allowed to be cleaned and cleaned, but the minimum thickness of the steel plate should be ensured, and the cleaning place should be smooth and free of edges and corners.
6.5.4 The surface quality can be implemented in GB/T 14977 after negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
6.6 Special requirements
6.6.1 After consultation between the supplier and the buyer, the steel plate can be non-destructively tested. The inspection method is carried out in accordance with GB/T 2970 or JB/T 4730.3.
Implementation standards and levels should be specified in the agreement or contract.
6.6.2 According to the negotiation between the supplier and the buyer, the steel plate can also be inspected for other projects.
Table 6 Grades and Mechanical Properties
Grade quality grade
Lateral yield strength a
ReL/(N/mm2)
Steel plate thickness/mm
≤16 >16~40 >40~100
tensile strength
Rm/(N/mm2)
Elongation after break
A/%
L0=5.65 So
Shock absorption
Energy c,d
KV2/J
180° bending test
d = diameter of the bend,
a=sample thickness
Steel plate thickness/mm
≤16 >16~100
Q235FT
B, C, D
235 225 215 360~510 24b
Q275FT
C, D
E, F
275 265 255 410~560 21b
Q345FT
C, D
E, F
345 335 325 470~630 21b
Q420FT
C, D
E, F
420 400 390 520~680 19b
Q460FT
C, D
E, F
460 440 420 550~720 17
Q550FT
550 530 670~830 16
Q620FT
620 600 710~880 15
Q690FT
690 670 770~940 14
d=2a d=3a
a When the yield is not obvious, Rp0.2 can be used instead of the lower yield.
b When the thickness of the steel plate is >60mm, the elongation after break can be reduced by 1%.
c The impact test uses a longitudinal specimen.
d Impact test temperature corresponding to different quality grades. B-20 ° C, C-0 ° C, D--20 ° C, E--40 ° C, F--50 ° C.
7 Test methods
The inspection items, sampling quantities, sampling methods and test methods for each inspection of steel plates shall comply with the requirements of Table 7.
Table 7 Inspection items, sampling quantities, sampling methods and test methods
Serial number test item sampling quantity/sampling method test method
1 Chemical composition 1/furnace GB/T 20066 GB/T 223, GB/T 4336
2 Tensile test 1/batch GB/T 2975 GB/T 228.1
3 Impact test 3/batch GB/T 2975 GB/T 229
4 bending test 1/batch GB/T 2975 GB/T 232
5 Z-direction steel thickness reduction ratio 3/batch GB/T 5313 GB/T 5313
6 Non-destructive testing one by one - JB/T 4730.3, GB/T 2970
7 Dimensions and shapes one by one - suitable measuring tools that meet the accuracy requirements
8 Surface quality by piece - visual
8 Inspection rules
8.1 Inspection and acceptance
The inspection and acceptance of the steel plate shall be carried out by the supplier, and the purchaser shall have the right to inspect and test any of the inspection items specified in this standard or the contract.
acceptance.
8.2 Group batch
8.2.1 Steel plates should be accepted in batches. Each batch shall be of the same grade, the same quality grade, the same furnace tank number, the same thickness, the same rolling system, and the same
The composition of the steel plate of a heat treatment system, the weight of each batch is not more than 60t.
8.2.2 TMCP or TMCP tempered steel sheets shall be sampled and tested by rolling sheet. The quenched and tempered steel sheets shall be sampled by heat treatment.
test.
8.2.3 The batch of Z-steel steel shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 5313.
8.3 Re-inspection and decision rules
8.3.1 Re-inspection and determination of mechanical properties
8.3.1.1 When the impact test results of steel plates do not meet the requirements of 6.4.2.3, the sample steel plates shall not be accepted. From the remaining of the test unit
The remaining part takes two sampled products, and a new set of three samples are selected on each sampled product. The test results of the two sets of samples are all compatible.
Otherwise, the batch of steel plates should be rejected.
8.3.1.2 The re-inspection and determination of the steel plate tensile test shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 17505.
8.3.2 Re-inspection and determination of other inspection items
The re-inspection and determination of other inspection items of steel plates shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 17505.
8.4 Repair of mechanical properties and chemical composition test results
Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order, the mechanical properties and chemical composition given are required to assess whether the test results meet the specified values.
The test results shall be rounded to the same level as the specified value, and the method of repair shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of YB/T 081. Carbon equivalent should be first
After the calculation, the contract is revised.
9 Packaging, marking and quality certificate
The packaging, marking and quality certificate of the steel plate shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 247.
10 domestic and foreign brand approximation
The approximation of this standard grade and the reference standard grade is shown in Appendix A.
Appendix A
(informative appendix)
Brand comparison table
The similar grades of this standard grade and the reference standard are shown in Table A.1.
Table A.1 Comparison table of similar grades of this standard grade and reference standard
This standard ASTMA709-05 EN10025
Brand
Q235FT
Q275FT
Q345FT
Q420FT
Q460FT
Q550FT
Q620FT
Q690FT
A709Gr36
A709Gr50
A709Gr70
A709Gr100
S235
S275
S355
S420
S460
S550
S690
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