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GB/T 230.3-2022 English PDF

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GB/T 230.3-2022: Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
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GB/T 230.3: Evolution and historical versions

Standard ID	Contents [version]	USD	STEP2	[PDF] delivered in	Standard Title (Description)	Status	PDF
GB/T 230.3-2022	English	369	Add to Cart	4 days [Need to translate]	Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks	Valid	GB/T 230.3-2022
GB/T 230.3-2012	English	599	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Metallic materials -- Rockwell hardness test -- Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)	Obsolete	GB/T 230.3-2012
GB/T 230.3-2002	English	439	Add to Cart	4 days [Need to translate]	Metallic Rockwell hardness test -- Part 3: Calibration of hardness reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)	Obsolete	GB/T 230.3-2002

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Basic data

Standard ID	GB/T 230.3-2022 (GB/T230.3-2022)
Description (Translated English)	Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
Sector / Industry	National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard	N71
Word Count Estimation	18,170
Issuing agency(ies)	State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 230.3-2022: Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 3.Calibration of reference blocks ICS 19.060;77.040.10 CCSN71 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 230.3-2012 Rockwell hardness test for metal materials Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks (ISO 6508-3.2015, MOD) Released on 2022-07-11 2023-02-01 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Management Committee

Preface I Introduction II 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 4 Manufacture of standard blocks 1 5 standard machine and standard indenter 2 5.1 Overview 2 5.2 Standard machine 2 5.3 Standard diamond cone indenter 2 5.4 Standard ball indenter 4 6 Calibration procedure 4 7 Number of indentations 4 8 Hardness uniformity 5 9 logo 5 10 Calibration certificate6 11 Validity 6 Appendix A (Normative) Requirements for Standard Diamond Indenters 7 Appendix B (Normative) Uniformity of Standard Blocks 8 Appendix C (Informative) Measurement Uncertainty of Average Hardness Value of Standard Block10 Reference 14

foreword

This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules for Standardization Documents" drafting. This document is part 3 of GB/T 230 "Rockwell Hardness Tests for Metallic Materials". GB/T 230 has issued the following parts. --- Part 1.Test methods; --- Part 2.Inspection and calibration of hardness testers and indenters; --- Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks. This document replaces GB/T 230.3-2012 "Rockwell hardness test for metallic materials - Part 3.Standard hardness blocks (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T scale) ", compared with GB/T 230.3-2012, the main technical changes are as follows. --- Ambient temperature requirements for standard machine and standard indenter inspection and calibration have been added (see 5.1.1); --- Increased measurement system resolution and expanded uncertainty requirements (see 5.2.5); --- Added Table 2 to Table 4 (see 5.3.3); --- Modified the total test force holding time (see 6.5, 5.4 of the.2012 edition); --- Modified the formula (1) (see 6.3, 5.3 of the.2012 edition); --- Modified the formula (3) (see 8.1, 7.1 of the.2013 edition); --- Deleted the formula (4) (see 7.1 of the.2012 edition); --- Increased the requirements for the uncertainty statement of the calibration certificate [see 10.1g)]; --- Added Appendix A (see Appendix A). This document is modified to adopt ISO 6508-3.2015 "Rockwell hardness test for metallic materials - Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks". Compared with ISO 6508-3.2015, this document has made the following structural adjustments. ---Appendix A corresponds to Appendix C in ISO 6508-3.2015; ---Appendix B corresponds to Appendix A in ISO 6508-3.2015; ---Appendix C corresponds to Appendix B in ISO 6508-3.2015. There are technical differences between this document and ISO 6508-3.2015, and the clauses involved in these differences have been adopted in its outer margins. Positions are indicated by a single vertical line (|). The specific technical differences and their reasons are as follows. --- ISO 6508.1 is replaced by GB/T 230.1, which adopts the revised international standard (see Chapter 1, 5.3.3, 6.1, C.2); --- ISO 6508.2 is replaced by GB/T 230.2, which adopts the modified international standard (see Chapter 1, 5.2.1, 5.4.2); --- Replace ISO 376 with JJG144 to adapt to my country's technical conditions (see 5.2.3). The following editorial changes were made to this document. --- Deleted the note of B.1. Please note that some contents of this document may refer to patents. The issuing agency of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document is proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Testing Machine Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC122). This document is drafted by. China Machine Test Equipment Co., Ltd., Quanzhou Fengze Donghai Instrument Hardness Block Factory, Guangzhou University, Shenyang Tianxing Test Instrument Co., Ltd., Laizhou Huayin Test Instrument Co., Ltd., China Institute of Metrology. The main drafters of this document. Zhang Jinwei, Chen Junxin, Xu Zhonggen, Zhang Luming, Wu Chunan, Zhang Feng, Ren Xia. The release status of previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows. --- The first release is two independent national standards, GB 2850-1981 and GB 3774-1983; --- In.1992 and.1993, the two independent national standards GB 2850-1981 and GB 3774-1983 were revised as GB/T 2850-1992 and GB/T 3774-1993; --- In.2002, in line with international standards, two independent national standards GB/T 2850-1992 "Standard Rockwell Hardness Block" and GB/T 3774-1993 "Standard Surface Rockwell Hardness Blocks" was merged into GB/T 230.3-2002 "Metal Rockwell Hardness Test No. Part 3.Calibration of Standard Hardness Blocks (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T Scales), revised for the third time in.2012; --- This is the fourth revision.

Introduction

GB/T 230 "Rockwell Hardness Test of Metallic Materials" aims to standardize the test method of Rockwell hardness, the inspection of test equipment and the The calibration of the block consists of three parts. --- Part 1.Test methods. The purpose is to determine the procedures and methods to be followed in the Rockwell hardness test. --- Part 2.Inspection and calibration of hardness testers and indenters. The purpose is to determine the technical requirements and inspections that the Rockwell hardness tester needs to meet, Calibration method. --- Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks. The purpose is to determine the technical requirements and calibration methods that Rockwell standard hardness blocks need to meet. Rockwell hardness test for metal materials Part 3.Calibration of standard hardness blocks

1 Scope

This document specifies the standard hardness block (hereinafter referred to as Called the standard block) calibration method. It is worth noting that tungsten carbide alloy ball indenters are regarded as standard Rockwell hardness indenters. Only when meeting GB/T 230.1-2018 The steel ball indenter can only be used in the case required by Record A. This document is applicable to the calibration of Rockwell hardness standard hardness blocks.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, dated references For documents, only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T 230.1-2018 Rockwell hardness test for metallic materials - Part 1.Test method (ISO 6508-1.2016, MOD) GB/T 230.2-2022 Rockwell hardness test for metallic materials - Part 2.Inspection and calibration of hardness testers and indenters (ISO 6508-2.2015, MOD) JJG144 Standard force measuring instrument

3 Terms and Definitions

This document does not have terms and definitions that need to be defined.

4 Manufacture of standard blocks

4.1 Standard blocks shall be specially manufactured. Attention should be paid to the process used to manufacture the standard block so that the standard block can obtain the necessary homogeneity, organization Uniformity of stability and surface hardness. 4.2 The thickness of each standard block should not be less than 6mm. In order to minimize the effect of changes in hardness as the number of indentations increases, it is advisable to use Use thicker standard blocks. 4.3 The standard block should be non-magnetic. If steel standard blocks are used, the manufacturer should ensure that the standard blocks have been After demagnetization treatment. 4.4 The flatness of the surface of the standard block should not exceed 0.01mm, and the supporting surface of the standard block should have no protrusions. The parallelism of the standard block should be less than Or equal to 0.02mm/50mm. 4.5 The test surface and support surface of the standard block should not have defects such as dents, scratches, scales, etc. that affect the indentation measurement. rough test surface The maximum allowable value of the roughness parameter Ra is 0.0003mm; the maximum allowable value of the surface roughness parameter Ra of the supporting surface is 0.0008mm, which is taken as Sample length l=0.80mm (see 3.1.9 of GB/T 3505-2009). 4.6 In order to be able to check whether any material is removed from the standard block in the future, the thickness at the time of calibration should be marked on the standard block, accurate to 0.1mm, or An identification mark shall be made on its test surface.

5 standard machine and standard indenter

5.1 Overview 5.1.1 The calibration and inspection of the standard machine and standard indenter should be carried out at a temperature of (23±5)°C. 5.1.2 Instruments used for calibration shall be traceable to national references. 5.2 Standard machine 5.2.1 In addition to the general requirements specified in Chapter 4 of GB/T 230.2-2022, the standard machine shall also meet 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, The requirements of 5.2.5 and 5.2.6. 5.2.2 The standard machine should be directly inspected, and the inspection period should not exceed 12 months. Direct inspection includes calibration and inspection of. a) test force; b) indentation depth measurement system; c) test cycle time; if this test is not possible, at least test the force versus time characteristics. 5.2.3 The test force shall be tested with a standard force measuring instrument of level 0.03 or better than 0.03 specified in JJG144. accuracy; other methods with the same accuracy or better than this accuracy can also be used for detection. Evidence shall be available to prove that the output of the standard dynamometer within a period of 1s to 30s does not change more than 0.1%. 5.2.4 Each test force should be measured, and the maximum allowable error of the test force. for the initial test force F0, it should be ±0.2% of its nominal value; for the total The test force F shall be ±0.1% of its nominal value. 5.2.5 When the 95% confidence level is adopted within the working range of the measurement system, the resolution of the measurement system should be 0.1 μm1 ), and its expanded uncertainty Should be less than 0.2μm. 1) In the original text of ISO 6508-3.2015, there is a "±" sign before the indicator of the resolution of the measurement system, which is deleted in this document. 5.2.6 The test cycle time should be consistent with the test cycle time specified in Chapter 6, and the maximum allowable error is ±0.5s. 5.3 Standard diamond cone indenter 5.3.1 The geometry and performance of the standard diamond cone indenter shall be calibrated according to the following regulations. before the first use and within no more than A 5-year cycle for direct inspection of geometry. The measures specified in 5.3.3 should be carried out before the first use and at a period not exceeding 12 months Inspection of indenter performance. 5.3.2 The diamond conical indenter should have at least 8 axial sections equally spaced from each other (for example, 8 cross sections at 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, 90°, 112.5°, 135°, 157.5° at an interval of approximately 22.5°), and the following requirements shall be met. a) The cone angle shall be measured near the joint. The average angle of the apex angle of the diamond cone shall be (120±0.1)°, in each measuring axis To the inside of the section, the apex angle should be (120±0.17)°. b) Within a minimum length of 0.4mm, the average deviation of the straightness of the diamond conical generatrices adjacent to the joint should not exceed 0.0005mm. In each measurement section, the deviation should not exceed 0.0007mm. c) The radius of the top of the diamond sphere should be measured near the junction. The average radius of the tip should be (0.200 ± 0.005) mm. In each measurement section, the radius should be within (0.200±0.007) mm, while the local deviation relative to a certain true diameter It should not exceed 0.002mm. NOTE. The apex of the diamond conical indenter is usually not a true spherical surface, and the radius of its surface often varies. According to the knot of the diamond relative to the indenter axis Depending on the crystallographic orientation, diamond tends to be easier or harder to polish at the tip, resulting in a flatter or sharper surface in the region of the central indenter axis. by measuring Multiple measurement windows with different widths can better evaluate the sphericity of the diamond tip. The measurement window is defined by the measurement width perpendicular to the axis of the indenter. For example, the following measurement windows can be evaluated. --- Between ±80μm from the axis of the indenter; --- Between ±60μm from the axis of the indenter; --- Between ±40μm from the axis of the indenter. d) The surface of the cone and ball should transition smoothly along the tangential direction. The position of the spherical tip and the diamond cone transition will be based on the radius of the ball head and the size of the cone angle vary. Ideally, the perfect indenter geometry joins the point at a distance perpendicular to the axis of the indenter 100μm. To avoid including the transition region when measuring the tip radius and taper angle, the diamond surface 90 μm to Parts between 110 μm. e) The inclination angle between the axis of the diamond cone and the axis of the indenter support (perpendicular to the support surface) should be within 0.3°. 5.3.3 The performance of the standard diamond cone indenter should be verified by comparative tests with the reference diamond indenter meeting the requirements of Appendix C. Standard diamond cone indenters are available for conventional and/or superficial Rockwell diamond hardness scales. Standard blocks used for verification tests shall comply with Chapter 3 requirements, and verify the hardness values given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4.The test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 230.1-2018. NOTE. The alternate hardness levels given in Table 2 are for indenters that have been calibrated to other international standards. It is believed that calibration according to Table 1 or Table 2 will obtain equivalent result. For each standard block, the average hardness value obtained by extruding 3 indentations with a standard diamond cone indenter to be calibrated is compared with a standard The difference between the average hardness values of the three indentations obtained by the diamond cone indenter should not exceed ±0.4 Rockwell units. Using the calibration diamond to be tested The indentation made by the stone cone indenter and the indentation made by the reference diamond indenter should be adjacent one by one. 5.4 Standard ball indenter 5.4.1 The replacement cycle of standard tungsten carbide alloy balls should not exceed 12 months. 5.4.2 Calibration of tungsten carbide alloy balls shall meet the requirements of GB/T 230.2-2022, and the tolerance of ball diameter shall also meet the following requirements. ---±0.002mm (for balls with a diameter of 1.5875mm); ---±0.003mm (for balls with a diameter of 3.175mm).

6 Calibration procedure

6.1 The standard block should be within the temperature range of (23±5) °C, according to the general test method specified in GB/T 230.1-2018, using the description in Chapter 5 The standard machine is calibrated. During the calibration period, the temperature fluctuation should not exceed 1 °C. 6.2 The speed when the indenter approaches the surface of the standard block should not exceed 1mm/s. For an undamped system, the speed of the indenter when it approaches the surface of the standard block should not exceed 0.3mm/s. 6.3 Make the indenter contact with the test surface of the standard block, and then apply the initial test force F0, there should be no impact, vibration, swing or overload when loading. preliminary test The application time Ta of the force F0 shall not exceed 2 s. As shown in the formula (1), the time Tp of the initial test force F0 should be equal to (3±1)s. Tp=Ta/2 Tpm=(3±1)s (1) In the formula. Tp --- initial test force time; Ta --- initial test force application time; Tpm---the initial test force holding time before measuring the initial indentation depth. For a testing machine that can apply the initial test force within 1s (Ta), Tp is approximately equal to Tpm. 6.4 With the measuring system in its reference position, apply the main test F1 without shock, vibration, swing or overload. to conventional Rockwell scale Ruler test, apply the main test F1 within 71-6s. For all HRN and HRTW surface Rockwell scales, apply the main test force within ≤4s F1.In the final stage of indentation formation (approximately within the range of 0.8F~0.99F), the indentation speed should be 0.015mm/s~0.04mm/s between. 6.5 The holding time of the total test force F should be equal to (5±1)s. 6.6 Take the final reading after (4±1)s after the main test force F1 is removed and the initial test force F0 is restored.

7 Number of indentations

At least 5 indentations shall be evenly distributed on the entire test surface of each standard block. The arithmetic mean of the measured hardness values is the standard Determined as the hardness value of the standard block. In order to reduce the measurement uncertainty, the number of indentations should be more than 5.

8 hardness uniformity

8.1 For each standard hardness block, define H1, H2, H3, H4, Hn as the hardness measurement values arranged in ascending order of numerical value. Calculate the average hardness value of all indentations according to formula (2). In the formula. H1, H2, H3, H4,, Hn --- the hardness values corresponding to all indentations arranged in increasing numerical order; n --- The total number of indentations. Under the specified calibration conditions, the hardness uniformity R (unit is Rockwell unit) of the standard block is expressed by the formula (3). R=Hn-H1 (3) 8.2 Table 5 gives the maximum allowable value of hardness uniformity R (in Rockwell units) of the standard block, and it is shown in Figure B.1 and Figure B.2 of Appendix B It is illustrated. 8.3 The measurement uncertainty of the standard hardness block shall be calculated. Appendix C gives an example of a method for evaluating uncertainty of measurement.

9 logo

9.1 Each standard hardness block shall be marked with the following contents. a) The arithmetic mean of the hardness values measured during calibration, such as 66.3HRC; b) the name or logo of the supplier or manufacturer; c) number; d) the name or logo of the calibration institution; e) the thickness of the standard block or the identification mark on the test surface (see 4.6); f) Year of calibration (if not indicated in the number). 9.2 Any markings on the side of the standard block shall be upright when the test surface is facing upwards. 10 Calibration certificate Each delivered standard hardness block shall be accompanied by a certificate including at least the following. a) Indicate the implementation of this document, namely GB/T 230.3; b) the number of the standard block; c) date of calibration; d) each calibration result; e) Arithmetic mean value of hardness value; f) The value representing the uniformity of the standard block (see 8.1); g) Statement of uncertainty. 11 Validity The standard block is only valid for the calibrated scale. The validity period of the calibration should not exceed 5 years. For standard blocks made of aluminum alloys and copper alloys, the calibration validity period should be reduced to 2 to 3 years. Calibration results are only valid for the standard block at the time of calibration. Due to repeated tests on the standard block, the hardness of the standard block may change, when the number of indentations When the size is large, this effect should not be neglected.

Appendix A

(normative) Standard diamond indenter requirements A.1 The standard diamond indenter shall meet the additional requirements in 5.3.2 and below. A.2 The performance of standard diamond indenters shall be verified by comparative tests with reference diamond indenters. The benchmark diamond indenter refers to the The standard indenter recognized by the national metrology institute. According to the scale to be calibrated by the standard diamond indenter, the standard block should be given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 or Table 4. The hardness level is tested according to GB/T 230.1-2018. A.3 For each standard block, use the standard diamond indenter to be calibrated to make 5 indentations, and the average hardness value obtained by using a reference diamond The difference between the average hardness values of the 5 indentations obtained by the stone indenter should not be greater than ±0.4 Rockwell units. Indenters made with standard diamond indenters The indentation and the indentation made with the reference diamond indenter should be adjacent to each other.

Appendix C

(informative) Uncertainty of measurement of the average hardness value of the standard block C.1 Overview Measurement uncertainty assessment is a useful tool for identifying sources of error and understanding differences in measurement results. This appendix presents the uncertainty assessment Guidelines, if the customer has no special instructions, the evaluation method in this appendix can be used for reference. The guidelines for standard block calibration in this document are the result of a long Time perfect. When determining the tolerances to be met by standard hardness blocks, the uncertainties associated with the measuring equipment used are included in the tolerances. It is not appropriate to reduce the tolerance to account for this uncertainty. This applies to all measurements related to the manufacture and calibration of standard hardness blocks, as well as Applies to all measurements when calibrating a standard machine. In each case, to assess whether the requirements of this document are met. However, in special In special cases, when the parties concerned agree, the tolerance can also be reduced through the uncertainty of measurement. C.2 Direct inspection—measurement uncertainty of standard machine parts C.2.1 Calibration and detection of test force See Appendix B of GB/T 230.2-2022. C.2.2 Calibration and testing of indentation depth measuring device See Appendix B of GB/T 230.2-2022. C.2.3 Indenter sum detection See Appendix B of GB/T 230.2-2022. C.2.4 Detection of test cycle time See Appendix B of GB/T 230.2-2022. C.3 Indirect test---measurement uncertainty of standard machine Note 1.In this appendix, the subscript "CRM-P" (certified reference material) refers to "standard hardness block". Note 2.The indirect test results are used to evaluate the calibration uncertainty of the standard machine. Check the comprehensive function of the standard machine by indirect inspection using a reference hardness block. Determine the repetition of the standard machine based on the benchmark hardness value and hardness measurement errors. For indirect verification of the standard machine, calculate and report the average hardness value of the reference hardness block measured by the standard machine and The difference or deviation (bHCM) between the corresponding standard values of the benchmark hardness blocks. Indirect testing verifies that deviations are within specified maximum allowable limits within. Therefore, the following procedure can be used to calculate the uncertainty of the standard machine measurement deviation value relative to the true average hardness of the reference hardness block fixed degree. The measurement uncertainty of the standard machine deviation is calculated by the formula (C.1) based on the indirect test results. uHCM= u2CRM-P u2HCRM-P u2ms (C.1) In the formula. uCRM-P --- Uncertainty given by calibration certificate of reference hardness block (k=1); uHCRM-P---Standard machine measurement repeatability and the measurement uncertainty component caused by the uneven hardness of the reference hardness block, when the measurement reference For hardness blocks, it is calculated as the standard deviation of the mean value of the hardness measurements;

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