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GB/T 18936-2025: Diagnostic techniques for avian influenza
Status: Valid GB/T 18936: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Standard Title (Description) | Status | PDF |
| GB/T 18936-2025 | English | 519 |
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5 days [Need to translate]
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Diagnostic techniques for avian influenza
| Valid |
GB/T 18936-2025
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| GB/T 18936-2020 | English | 339 |
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Diagnostic techniques for highly pathogenic avian influenza
| Valid |
GB/T 18936-2020
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| GB/T 18936-2003 | English | 519 |
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3 days [Need to translate]
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Diagnostic techniques for highly pathogenic avian influenza
| Obsolete |
GB/T 18936-2003
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PDF similar to GB/T 18936-2025
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 18936-2025 (GB/T18936-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Diagnostic techniques for avian influenza | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B41 | | Classification of International Standard | 11.220 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,274 | | Date of Issue | 2025-01-24 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-08-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 18936-2025: Diagnostic techniques for avian influenza---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
ICS 11.220CCS B 41
Avian Flu Diagnostic Technology
2025-01-24 Release
2025-08-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Replace GB/T 18936-2020, GB/T 19438.1~19438.4-2004, GB/T 19439-2004, GB/T 19440-2004
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅲ
Introduction Ⅳ
1 Scope...1
2 Normative references ...1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Abbreviations 1
5 Biosafety Measures 2
6 Clinical diagnosis 2
7 Sample collection, storage and transportation ...3
8 Laboratory diagnosis...4
9 Comprehensive judgment 7
Appendix A (Normative) Preparation of sample diluent 9
Appendix B (Normative) IVPI Determination Test 10
Appendix C (Informative) RT-PCR Primer Sequences and Reaction System Preparation ...12
Appendix D (Informative) Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR primer probe sequence and reaction system preparation ...14
Appendix E (Informative) Preparation of solutions and 1% red blood cells for HA and HI tests 16
Appendix F (Informative) Example of Preparation of 4 HAU Antigen in HI Test 17
Appendix G (Informative) Treatment of Serum Nonspecific Agglutination and Nonspecific Inhibitory Factors 18
References ...19
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
This document replaces GB/T 18936-2020 "Diagnostic technology for highly pathogenic avian influenza" and integrates GB/T 19438.1-2004 "Avian influenza
GB/T 19438.2-2004 "Universal fluorescent RT-PCR detection method for H5 subtype avian influenza virus"
GB/T 19438.3-2004 “Fluorescence RT-PCR Detection Method for H7 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus”, GB/T 19438.4-2004 “H9
GB/T 19439-2004 “A fluorescent RT-PCR test method for detecting H5 subtype avian influenza virus” and GB/T 19439-2004 “A NASBA test method for detecting H5 subtype avian influenza virus”
Compared with GB/T 18936-2020, except for the conclusion
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) The scope of application of the standard has been changed to expand the diagnostic technology of highly pathogenic avian influenza to avian influenza technology (see Chapter 1, 2020 edition).
Chapter 1);
b) Deleted the specific contents of terms and definitions (see Chapter 3 of the 2020 edition);
c) Added abbreviations (see Chapter 4);
d) increased biosafety measures (see Chapter 5);
e) Some contents of clinical diagnosis have been changed (see Chapter 6, Chapter 4 of the 2020 edition);
f) Added technical requirements for sample storage and transportation, and added technical requirements for the collection of down, feather and cowhide samples (see
Chapter 7);
g) Added technical requirements for the processing of down, feather and cowhide samples (see 8.1.3);
h) The content of “Comprehensive Determination” has been changed (see Chapter 9, Chapter 10 of the 2020 edition);
i) The preparation of sample diluent has been changed (see Appendix A, Appendix A of the 2020 edition);
j) Adjust the IVPI determination test from an informative appendix to a normative appendix (see Appendix B, Appendix B of the 2020 edition).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Animal Health Standardization (SAC/TC 181).
This document was drafted by. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Customs Science and Technology Research Center, China Animal Health
and Epidemiology Center, Shanghai Customs Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center.
The main drafters of this document are. Wang Xiurong, Tian Guobin, Liu Huan, Liu Hualei, Li Jian, Gao Zhiqiang, Jiang Wenming, Shi Xiju, Deng Guohua, Shi Jianzhong,
Zeng Xianying, Li Yanbing, Wu Jianan, Gu Qiang, Sun Xiaodong, Chen Hualan.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
--First published as GB/T 18936-2003 in.2003 and first revised in 2020;
--This is the second revision, incorporating GB/T 19438.1~19438.4-2004, GB/T 19439-2004, GB/T 19440-
2004 related technical content.
Introduction
Avian influenza (AI) is a disease mainly caused by avian influenza virus (AIV).
infection and/or disease syndrome.
AIV belongs to the genus influenza A virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) revised it to alpha influenza virus in.2019.
Influenza A virus is the only orthomyxovirus known to infect poultry. There are 16 HA subtypes (H1-H16) and 9 HA subtypes isolated from poultry.
NA subtype (N1~N9); there are also newly confirmed subtypes from bats (H17 and H18). AIV is divided into high pathogenicity,
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (Low pathogenic avian influenza virus)
HPAIV is a type of influenza virus that causes acute clinical symptoms in chickens, turkeys, and other commercial poultry.
All are H5 or H7 subtypes. Not all H5 or H7 subtypes are highly pathogenic. Some H5 and H7 subtype influenza viruses are pathogenic.
HPAI is not highly pathogenic, but there is a risk that these viruses will mutate into highly pathogenic viruses.
And LPAIV may suddenly increase its virulence in poultry or may be naturally transmitted to humans and cause serious consequences.
pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) is listed as a notifiable animal disease.
AIV has a wide range of hosts. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, partridges, ostriches, peacocks and many other poultry are susceptible. Many wild birds may also be susceptible.
Infection may lead to illness or even death; mammals such as pigs, dairy cows, dogs, cats, minks, red foxes, wolves, sea lions, seals, etc. are occasionally infected. Poultry and wild birds are AIV
The main host of the disease is poultry, which is most affected by the epidemic and closely related to people's livelihood and trade. Therefore, the clinical symptoms and autopsy changes described in this document are
AIV is a single-stranded, negative-stranded, segmented RNA virus, and its genes are prone to mutation, which can mutate into new influenza virus variants.
Therefore, for RT-PCR test methods and real-time fluorescence RT-PCR test methods, only some common
HA and NA subtype primers. If new variants or other subtypes (such as H3) are to be identified, corresponding primers need to be designed for detection.
The revision of this document refers to the WOAH Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals and combines the latest developments in relevant technical research in my country.
Results.
Avian Flu Diagnostic Technology
1 Scope
This document describes the clinical diagnosis of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, sample collection, storage and transportation, and virus isolation and identification.
Laboratory diagnostic methods such as hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, RT-PCR methods, and real-time fluorescence RT-PCR methods are specified.
Requirements for biosafety measures.
This document applies to the diagnosis of AIV and the detection of AIV in products, including but not limited to poultry, down, feathers, beef, milk, and hides.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB 19489 General requirements for laboratory biosafety
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms or definitions that require definition in this document.
4 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document.
AI. Avian Influenza
AIV. Avian Influenza Virus
Ct. Cycle Threshold
DEPC. Diethyl Pyrocarbonate
HA. Hemagglutination
HI. Hemagglutination inhibition
HPAI. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
HPAIV. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
IVPI. Intravenous Pathogenicity Index
LPAI. Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza
LPAIV. Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
PBS. Phosphate Buffered Saline
PCR. Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA. RiboNucleic Acid
RT-PCR. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction
SPF. Specific Pathogen Free
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