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GB/T 16823.3-2010: Fasteners -- Torque/clamp force testing
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Fasteners -- Torque/clamp force testing
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GB/T 16823.3-2010
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| GB/T 16823.3-1997 | English | 359 |
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Method of tightening test for theraded fasteners
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PDF similar to GB/T 16823.3-2010
Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 16823.3-2010 (GB/T16823.3-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Fasteners -- Torque/clamp force testing | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | J13 | | Classification of International Standard | 21.060.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,152 | | Date of Issue | 1/10/2011 | | Date of Implementation | 10/1/2011 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 16823.3-1997 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 70.1; GB/T 96.1; GB/T 192; GB/T 228; GB/T 3098.1; GB/T 3098.2; GB/T 3098.4; GB/T 5267.1; GB/T 5267.2; GB/T 5277; GB/T 5782; GB/T 5783; GB/T 5785; GB/T 6170; GB/T 6171; GB/T 6175; GB/T 6176; GB/T 16674.1; GB/T 16674.2; GB/T 3103.3 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 16047-2005, IDT | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards 2011 No. (No. 166 overall) 1 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Standard specifies threaded fasteners and related parts torque - clamping force test conditions. This Standard is applicable to carbon steel and alloy steel, thread size for M3 ~ M39 bolts, screws, studs and nuts. | GB/T 16823.3-2010: Fasteners -- Torque/clamp force testing---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Fasteners.Torque/clamp force testing
ICS 21.060.01
J13
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 16823.3-1997
Fastener torque-clamping force test
(ISO 16047.2005, IDT)
Published on.2011-01-10
2011-10-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Foreword
This part of GB/T 16823 (hereinafter referred to as this part) is one of the series of standards for "twist-pull relationship of threaded fasteners". The system includes.
---GB/T 16823.1-1997 Threaded fastener stress cross-sectional area and bearing area;
---GB/T 16823.2-1997 General rules for fastening threaded fasteners;
This part is the third part of GB/T 16823.
This part is equivalent to ISO 16047.2005 "fastener torque - clamping force test" (English version), the main editorial changes are as follows.
--- In the reference document, replace the international standard with our national standard (Chapter 2).
This part replaces GB/T 16823.3-1997 "Test method for tightening of threaded fasteners".
The main changes in this section compared with GB/T 16823.3-1997 are as follows.
---Modify the standard name;
--- The regulations apply to fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel with thread sizes M3~M39 (Chapter 1);
---The mechanical properties of the fasteners shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 3098.1, GB/T 3098.2 or GB/T 3098.4 (Chapter 1);
--- specifies that the test should be carried out at room temperature, and the standard test conditions are 10 ° C ~ 35 ° C (Chapter 1);
---Adjust the reference standard (Chapter 2);
--- Added terms and definitions, codes and their meanings (Chapter 3, Chapter 4);
--- Increased the total friction coefficient (see 10.2).
--- Increased the tightening torque (see 10.8);
--- Cancel the old standard Figure 3 "fastening corner and tightening axial force, tightening torque curve", and stipulate. there are many ways to determine the yield clamping
Force (yield tightening torque), the specific method of use is agreed by the contracting parties (see 10.5, 10.6);
---Specified limit clamping force should be read during the test, when the clamping force reaches the maximum (see 10.7);
--- Adjusted the determination method and calculation formula of various friction coefficients (Chapter 10).
This part was proposed by the China Machinery Industry Federation.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Fastener Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC85).
This section is responsible for drafting the unit. China Machine Productivity Promotion Center.
Participated in the drafting of this section. Machinery Industry General Parts Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Ningbo Jiulong Fastener Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Division, Beijing Keruisi Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Zeen Standard Parts Co., Ltd., Shanghai Shenguang High Strength Bolt Co., Ltd.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are.
---GB/T 16823.3-1997.
Fastener torque-clamping force test
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 16823 specifies the conditions for the torque-clamping force test of threaded fasteners and related parts.
This section is mainly applicable to bolts, screws, studs and nuts made of carbon steel and alloy steel with thread sizes M3~M39. its
Mechanical properties should be in accordance with GB/T 3098.1, GB/T 3098.2 or GB/T 3098.4. This section also applies to ISO 68-1 regulations.
Other internal and external threaded fasteners are connected.
This section does not apply to set screws and similar unthreaded threaded fasteners, nor to locking performance, self-tapping or self-squeezing.
Type of threaded fasteners.
The test was carried out at room temperature unless otherwise agreed. The standard test conditions are 10 ° C ~ 35 ° C.
The methods specified in this section determine the fastening characteristics of threaded fasteners and related parts.
2 Normative references
The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this part by reference to this part of GB/T 16823. Quotations with dated
, all subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this section, however, encouragement is achieved under this section
The parties to the agreement study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest edition applies to this
section.
GB/T 70.1 hexagon socket head cap screws (GB/T 70.1-2008, ISO 4762.2004, MOD)
GB/T 96.1 large washer grade A (GB/T 96.1-2002, eqvISO 7093-1.2000)
GB/T 192 ordinary thread basic tooth type (GB/T 192-2003, ISO 68-1.1998, MOD)
GB/T 228 metal materials tensile test method at room temperature (GB/T 228-2002, eqvISO 6892.1998)
GB/T 3098.1 Mechanical properties of fasteners Bolts, screws and studs (GB/T 3098.1-2010, ISO 898-1.1999, IDT)
GB/T 3098.2 fastener mechanical properties nut coarse thread (GB/T 3098.2-2000, idtISO 898-2..1992)
GB/T 3098.4 Fastener mechanical properties nut fine thread (GB/T 3098.4-2000, idtISO 898-6.1994)
GB/T 3103.3 fastener tolerance flat washer (GB/T 3103.3-2000, idtISO 4759-3.2000)
GB/T 5267.1 Fastener plating (GB/T 5267.1-2002, ISO 4092.1999, IDT)
GB/T 5267.2 fastener non-electrolytic zinc sheet coating (GB/T 5267.2-2002, ISO 10683.2000, IDT)
GB/T 5277 fastener bolts and screw through holes (GB/T 5277-1985, eqvISO 273.1979)
GB/T 5782 Hex Head Bolts (GB/T 5782-2000, eqvISO 4014.1999)
GB/T 5783 hexagon head bolt full thread (GB/T 5783-2000, eqvISO 4017.1999)
GB/T 5785 Hex Head Bolt Fine Teeth (GB/T 5785-2000, eqvISO 8765.1999)
GB/T 6170 Type 1 Hex Nut (GB/T 6170-2000, eqvISO 4032.1999)
GB/T 6171 type 1 hex nut fine teeth (GB/T 6171-2000, eqvISO 8673.1999)
GB/T 6175 Type 2 Hex Nut (GB/T 6175-2000, eqvISO 4033.1999)
GB/T 6176 2 type hex nut fine teeth (GB/T 6176-2000, eqvISO 8674.1999)
GB/T 16674.1 Hexagon flange bolt series (GB/T 16674.1-2004, ISO 15071.1999, MOD)
GB/T 16674.2 Hexagon Flange Face Bolt Fine Teeth Series (GB/T 16674.2-2004, ISO 15072.1999, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this section.
3.1
Clamping force clampforce
During the tightening process, it acts on the tension of the bolt shank or the pressure between the connected parts.
3.2
Yield clamping force yieldlclampforce
Fy
When tightened, the screw or meshing thread reaches the clamping force at the time of yielding under the condition of composite stress.
3.3
Ultimate clamping force
Fu
The maximum clamping force that can occur before the screw breaks under the condition of composite stress.
3.4
Tightening torque tighteningtorque
Tighten torque wrenchingtorque
Applying torque appliedtorque
Torque applied to the nut or bolt head when tightened.
3.5
Yield tightening torque yieldtighteningtorque
Ty
The tightening torque to reach the yield clamping force.
3.6
Thread torque threadtorque
Tth
The torque acting on the bolt shank by the engagement thread during the tightening process.
3.7
Bearing surface friction torque briringsurfacefrictiontorque
Tb
During the tightening process, the bearing surface acts on the torque between the connected parts.
3.8
Ultimate tightening torque ultimatetighteningtorque
Tu
The tightening torque to reach the ultimate clamping force.
4 code and meaning
The code used and its meaning or name are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Codename meaning or name
d thread nominal diameter nominalthreaddiameter
D2 thread diameter basicpitchdiameterofthread
D4 test fixture aperture diameterofholeoftestfixture
Table 1 (continued)
Codename meaning or name
Dh
The diameter of the washer or support part through which the bolt passes (nominal value) clearanceholediameterofwasherorbearingpart
(nominalvalue)
Db
Friction diameter of the bearing surface under the nut or bolt head (theoretical or measured) diameterofbearingsurfaceundernutor
Boltheadforfriction(theoreticalormeasured)
Do
Support surface outer diameter dw min or dkmin (see product standard) outerdiameterofbearingsurface, dw minordkmin
(seeproductstandards)
Dp support spacer diameter diameterofplainareaofbearingplate
F clamping force clampforce
Fp
Guaranteed load (according to GB/T 3098.1, GB/T 3098.2 or GB/T 3098.4) proofloadaccordingtoISO 898-1,
ISO 898-2orISO 898-6, whicheverisrelevant
Fu ultimate clamping force ultimatelampforce
Fy yield clamping force yieldlclampforce
H test gasket or test gasket thickness thicknessoftest-bearingplateortestwasher
K torque coefficient torquecoefficient, K=T/Fd
Lc clamping length clamplength
Length of complete thread between Lt bearing faces lengthofcompletethreadbetweenbearingsurfaces
P pitch pitchofthethread
T tightening torque tighteningtorque
Tb bearing surface friction torque bearingsurfacefrictiontorque
Tth thread torque threadtorque
Tu ultimate tightening torque ultimatetighteningtorque
Ty yield tightening torque yieldtighteningtorque
θ corner angle rotationangle
Bb nut or bolt bearing surface friction coefficient coefficientoffrictionbetweenbearingsurfacesundernutorbolthead
Thth thread friction coefficient coefficientoffrictionbetweenthreads
Totot total friction coefficient coefficientoftotalfriction
5 Test principle
5.1 General
The tightening torque acts smoothly on the bolt-nut connection pair or the screw-nut connection pair to generate the clamping force, measure and/or determine one
One or more fastening characteristics. These characteristics include friction coefficient, total friction coefficient, thread friction coefficient, bearing surface friction coefficient, yield clamping
Force, yielding tightening torque, corner and ultimate clamping force. In the range of elastic deformation, the torque and the clamping force are theoretically linear.
Note. Only the coefficient of friction of the thread can be measured for the stud.
There are two different purposes of the experiment.
a) Under standard conditions, the fastener's fastening characteristics test (see Chapter 8), ie using the test pads specified in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 or
Test washers (HH or HL type), and test and test bolts specified in 7.3 and 7.4.
b) In special cases, the tightening characteristics test of fasteners is given in Chapter 9.
The relationship between the fastening characteristics to be measured and the parameters/projects is shown in Table 2.
The torque-clamping force relationship of the bolted joints in different surface states and lubrication states is described by different methods, see 5.2~5.4.
Table 2
Measurable
Fastening characteristics
Measured parameters/items
Clamping force F Tightening torque T Thread torque Tth
Bearing surface friction
Torque Tb
Corner θ
Article number
Torque factor ○ ○ ― - - 10.1
Total friction coefficient ○ ○ - ― - 10.2
Thread friction coefficient ○ ― ○ - - 10.3
Friction coefficient of bearing surface ○ - - ○ - 10.4
Yield clamping force ○ - - - ○ 10.5
Yield tightening torque ○ ○ - - ○ 10.6
Ultimate clamping force ○ - - - ― 10.7
Ultimate tightening torque ○ ○ - - - 10.8
5.2 Determination of friction coefficient
Under the most common friction conditions, if the shape and size of the fastener are not considered, it can be used to determine various friction coefficients (see 10.2~).
10.4). The coefficient of friction is a dimensionless data calculated from measurable physical properties, depending on the type of surface to be joined and
What shape. The required measurement method is quite expensive because there must be a sensor that measures the clamping force and at least two different torques.
The sensor and all relevant geometric dimensions (d2, P, Db) need to be measured. To determine the coefficient of friction, under the same friction conditions, for all
Fasteners within the specification range can be calculated using torque-clamping force.
5.3 Determination of torque coefficient K (K-index)
The method of measuring the torque factor K is relatively simple and can be calculated from the formula K=T/(Fd) (see 10.1). under these circumstances,
Only relevant to d. This means that the K-index is limited by only one size. To determine K, the clamping force F and the tightening torque T need to be measured.
On fasteners of the same frictional condition, the same dimension d and the same geometrical area, the K-index can be used for the calculation of the torque-clamping force.
5.4 Determination of ratio T/F
The simplest and most advanced method is to measure the relationship between pure theoretical torque and clamping force. The ratio of T/F is only used for very special
Connection research. At this time, it is not necessary to know the size and shape of the fastener.
6 equipment
6.1 Testing machine
The test machine shall be capable of applying tightening torque either automatically or by manually rotating a nut or bolt (nail) head and is capable of measuring the conditions listed in Table 2.
For the installation of the project, the relative error of the measurement shall be within 2% unless otherwise specified. The angle measurement allows an error of 2° or 2% of the measured value (taken
The larger of the two). When arbitrating, it should be tightened with a controllable maneuvering tool that can rotate at a constant speed. The test results are recorded by electronic instruments.
The stiffness of the test machine, including the load cell and the stiffness of the fixture, is important and cannot be changed throughout the test.
6.2 Test fixture
The test fixture shall be capable of withstanding the combined load of the tightening axial force and the frictional torque of the bearing surface, and shall not cause permanent deformation and displacement. Figure 1 gives
The basic requirements of the test fixture.
When testing the studs, the installation of the clamp and test piece is similar to that shown in Figure 1a). However, it can only be tested and screwed into the nut end. Before the test, the stud is screwed into the base.
The body end should not rotate.
a) nut test piece b) bolt test piece
1---test gasket, test gasket or special gasket;
2---nut test piece;
3---test bolt (or test screw);
4---test device (clamping element);
5---bolt (or screw) test piece;
6---Test nut.
a The test gasket or test washer and bolt head or nut should be fixed in a suitable manner to prevent rotation and should be handled.
b Lt is at least 1d when the yield clamping force or ultimate clamping force is reached.
Cd4 meets the requirements of the GB/T 5277 precision assembly series.
Figure 1 Fixture and test piece setup
7 Testing parts
7.1 General
The test part should match the part test piece.
Under standard conditions, the test parts (test washers, test gaskets, test snails) shall be tested for bolts, screws or nuts.
Mother, test bolt, test screw), see Figure 1. Test parts shall be in accordance with 7.2 to 7.4.
All grease, oil and other contaminants on the test piece should be removed before testing. Ultrasound should be used as well as health and safety requirements
The solution removes oil. In case of dispute, the method of removing oil is determined by agreement between the parties.
7.2 Test gasket or test gasket
7.2.1 Type
Test gaskets or test gaskets are available in high hardness (hardened, HH type) or low hardness (HL type). Unless the buyer has it at the time of ordering
He requested that suppliers should select test gaskets or test gaskets and their surface conditions empirically.
7.2.2 HH type test gasket or test gasket
Hardness. 50HRC~60HRC.
Surface roughness. Ra 0.5 ± 0.3.
Through hole. hole diameter (dh) according to GB/T 5277 medium assembly series, no chamfering, no counterbore.
Thickness. The minimum thickness h of the test gasket or test gasket shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 96.1.
The difference in thickness (Δh) of the same part is shown in Table 3. For the definition of the difference in thickness of the same part, see GB/T 3103.3.
Flatness. According to the A grade of GB/T 3103.3.
Surface state. a) The surface is not coated, no oil;
b) Press A1J (GB/T 5267.1 electro-galvanized, 1μm, bright-colorless) and remove grease.
Parts should be free of burrs.
The basic dimensions of the test gasket or test gasket are shown in Figure 2.
7.2.3 Type HL test gasket or test gasket
Hardness..200HV~300HV.
Surface roughness. when the thickness is less than or equal to 3mm, the roughness is Ra1.6μm; when the thickness is greater than 3mm~6mm, it is Ra3.2μm
(According to GB/T 96.1).
Through hole. hole diameter (dh) according to GB/T 5277 medium assembly series, no chamfering, no counterbore.
Thickness. The minimum thickness h of the test gasket or test gasket shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 96.1.
The difference in thickness (Δh) of the same part is shown in Table 3. For the definition of the difference in thickness of the same part, see GB/T 3103.3.
Table 3 is in millimeters
d 3~5 6~10 12~20 22~33 36
Δh 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.3
Flatness. According to the A grade of GB/T 3103.3.
Surface condition. a) the surface is unplated and degreased;
b) Press A1J (GB/T 5267.1 electro-galvanized, 1μm, bright-colorless) and remove grease.
Parts should be free of burrs.
The basic dimensions of the test gasket or test gasket are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Test gasket or test gasket (HH type and HL type)
The shape of the test gasket or test gasket is not specified, but the diameter Dp should be larger than the bolt test piece (or the nut test piece, or the pad of the screw test piece)
The outer diameter D0 of the gasket of the bearing surface or the bearing surface of the screw and washer assembly.
7.3 Test nuts for testing bolts, screws or studs
When testing bolts, screws and studs with a performance level equal to or lower than 10.9, the test nuts used shall comply with GB/T 6170 or
Class 10 specified in GB/T 6171; when testing bolts, screws and studs of class 12.9, the test nuts used shall comply with GB/T 6175 or
Level 12 as specified in GB/T 6176.
Surface condition. a) the surface is unplated and degreased;
b) Press A1J (GB/T 5267.1 electro-galvanized, 1μm, bright-colorless) and remove grease.
When detecting the screwing of the short screw or stud into the nut end, the test nut can be replaced by a spacer with an internal threaded hole; the screwing length of the thread
Not less than 0.8d.
7.4 Test bolt or test screw for testing nut
When testing the nut, the test bolt or test screw used shall comply with GB/T 5782, GB/T 5783, GB/T 70.1, GB/T 5785,
GB/T 16674.1 or GB/T 16674.2, the performance level is equivalent to the nut test piece, but should not be lower than 8.8. Thread should be rolled
Forming.
Surface condition. a) the surface is unplated and degreased;
b) Press A1J (GB/T 5267.1 electro-galvanized, 1μm, bright-colorless) and remove grease.
When the nut test piece is fitted with the test gasket or the test washer, the test bolt or test screw should extend 2 to 7 times the length of the pitch (by the snail
The type of the test piece is determined). When tightening the nut test piece, there should be at least two complete threads in the sandwich. The end of the test bolt should be flat and inverted
angle. The threaded portion should have no burrs or dirt that affect the tightening torque.
8 Test under standard conditions
Under standard conditions, the test machine and test fixture specified in 6.1 and 6.2 shall be used. The test parts shall be in accordance with Chapter 7.
At the time of arbitration, the part test piece cannot be tested within 24 hours after plating. The test specimen temperature should be consistent with room temperature.
Test parts (test bolts, test screws, test nuts, test gaskets, and test gaskets) can only be used once, unless otherwise specified. when
During the test, when the test gasket is planned to be reused, the previous use of each test gasket should be clearly recorded.
The head or test nut of the test bolt (or test screw) shall be fixed to one side of the test fixture, while the test gasket or test washer shall be
It should be fixed to the other side of the fixture. The test piece shall be installed in the fixture. When the tightening torque is applied, the nut or bolt (screw) head shall be free to rotate.
(see picture 1).
Test conditions should be documented in detail (see Chapter 11) and tested under fixed conditions. Unless otherwise specified, for M3~M16
The tightening speed is 10r/min~40r/min; the tightening speed is greater than M16~M39 is 5r/min~15r/min. Rotation speed
Evenly.
9 Tests under special circumstances
In special cases, the test machine and test fixture specified in 6.1 and 6.2 should be used. But test bolts, test screws or test studs, test
The test nut, test gasket or test gasket, and tightening speed shall comply with the special requirements recognized by both parties.
If the test parts are different from those specified in 7.2 to 7.4, they shall be recorded in detail in the test report.
When testing screw and washer assemblies or nut and washer assemblies, both parties to the contract shall negotiate all test conditions. For example, after experimenting
Whether to fix the gasket in the process.
10 Evaluation of results
10.1 Determination of Torque Coefficient K
Use the following formula to determine the torque factor based on the relationship between tightening torque and clamping force.
K=TFd
Unless otherwise specified, the clamping force shall be 75% (0.75 Fp) of the guaranteed load of the test part or part test piece, and the comparison between the two
Small value.
10.2 Determination of total friction coefficient μtot
For the tightening torque T, the following formula is based on the Kelermann and Klein formulas.
T=F×
2×
P 1,154×π×μth×d2
Π-1,154×μth×
D2
Bb×
Do dhé
Êê
Úú
The total friction coefficient μtot is calculated and determined by the approximate formula according to the ratio of the tightening torque to the clamping force.
Totot=
F -
2π
0,577d2 0,5Db
In the formula.
Db=Do dh2
Note. The error caused by the approximation formula is about 1%~2%, which can be ignored.
If the measured value of Db is used, it shall be agreed by both parties to the contract.
The total friction coefficient is only used to compare the bolted joints under different friction conditions. The formula for calculating the total friction coefficient is to assume the thread friction system.
The number is equal to the friction coefficient of the bearing surface.
Unless otherwise specified, the clamping force shall be 75% (0.75 Fp) of the guaranteed load of the test part or part test piece, and the comparison between the two
Small value.
10.3 Determination of thread friction coefficient μth
The coefficient of friction of the thread should be calculated and determined according to the relationship between the thread torque and the clamping force by the following approximate formula.
Thth=
Tth
F -
2π
0,577d2
Unless otherwise specified, the clamping force shall be 75% (0.75 Fp) of the guaranteed load of the test part or part test piece, and the comparison between the two
Small value.
Note. The thread torque can be calculated from the measured tightening torque and the frictional torque of the bearing surface.
Tth=T-Tb
10.4 Determination of friction coefficient μb of bearing surface
The friction coefficient of the bearing surface should be calculated and determined according to the relationship between the friction torque of the bearing surface and the clamping force by the following approximate formula.
Bb=
Tb
0,5DbF
In the formula.
Db=Do dh2
For the annular bearing contact surface, if the measured value of Db is used, it shall be agreed by both parties to the contract.
Unless otherwise specified, the clamping force shall be 75% (0.75 Fp) of the guaranteed load of the test part or part test piece, and the comparison between the two
Small value.
Note. The bearing surface friction torque can be calculated from the tightening torque and the thread torque. The formula is as follows.
Tb=T-Tth
10.5 Determination of yield clamping force Fy
The yield clamping force should be determined by the clamping force and the angle of rotation or other equivalent relationship. There are several ways to determine the yield clamping force, specifically
The method is agreed by both parties to the contract.
10.6 Determination of yield tightening torque Ty
The yield tightening torque should be read when the yield clamping force is reached. There are several ways to determine the yield tightening torque, the specific method of use by contract
Agreement between the two parties.
10.7 Determination of the ultimate clamping force Fu
The ultimate clamping force should be read during...
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