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GB/T 12060.21-2025: Sound system equipment - Part 21: Acoustical (output-based)measurements
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Sound system equipment - Part 21: Acoustical (output-based)measurements
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GB/T 12060.21-2025
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 12060.21-2025 (GB/T12060.21-2025) | | Description (Translated English) | Sound system equipment - Part 21: Acoustical (output-based)measurements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | M72 | | Classification of International Standard | 33.160.50 | | Word Count Estimation | 70,733 | | Date of Issue | 2025-05-30 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 12060.21-2025: Sound system equipment - Part 21: Acoustical (output-based)measurements---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
CCSM72
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Sound system equipment
Part 21.Output-based acoustic measurements
Part 21.Acoustical(output-based)measurements
Released on 2025-05-30
2025-12-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VII
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 2
3.1 Terms and Definitions 2
3.2 Abbreviations 2
4 Type Description 2
5 Physical properties 2
5.1 Terminal and controller markings 2
5.2 Size 3
5.3 Quality 3
5.4 Connectors and cable assemblies 3
6 Design Data 3
7 Condition 3
7.1 Rating conditions 3
7.2 Climate conditions 3
7.3 Normal measurement conditions 3
8 Test signal 4
8.1 Overview 4
8.2 Sine frequency sweep signal 4
8.3 Steady-state single-frequency signal 4
8.4 Steady-state dual-frequency signal 5
8.5 Sparse Multi-frequency Polyphonic Signals 5
8.6 Broadband Noise Signal 6
8.7 Narrowband Noise Signal 6
8.8 Hann Burst Signal 6
8.9 Pulse signal 6
9 Acoustic Environment 7
9.1 General 7
9.2 Free field conditions 7
9.3 Half-space free-field condition 7
9.4 Simulating free-field conditions 7
9.5 Half-space simulation of free-field conditions 7
9.6 Diffuse Field Conditions 7
9.7 Target application conditions 7
10 Positioning of DUT 8
10.1 Rated geometric conditions 8
10.2 Measurement distance between microphone and DUT 9
11 Measurement equipment and test results 10
12 Accuracy of acoustic measurements10
12.1 General 10
12.2 Measurement uncertainty 11
13 DUT Installation 11
13.1 Driver Installation and Acoustic Loading 11
13.2 Installation of electroacoustic system and acoustic load 11
14 Preprocessing 12
15 Rated environmental conditions 12
15.1 Temperature range 12
15.2 Humidity range 12
16 Rated frequency range 12
17 Input signal 12
17.1 Rated maximum input value 12
17.2 Maximum input level 14
18 Sound pressure output 14
18.1 Rated maximum sound pressure 14
18.2 Rated maximum sound pressure level 16
18.3 Short-term maximum sound pressure level 16
18.4 Long-term maximum sound pressure level 16
18.5 Sound pressure in a specified frequency band 17
18.6 Sound pressure level in a specified frequency band 17
18.7 Average sound pressure in a specified frequency band 18
18.8 Average sound pressure level in the specified frequency band 18
19 Frequency response of fundamental frequency component 18
19.1 Transfer Function 18
19.2 Sound Pressure Level Frequency Response 19
19.3 Time-varying amplitude compression of fundamental frequency components 20
19.4 Maximum Input Amplitude Compression 21
19.5 Correction based on free-field reference measurement 21
19.6 Effective Frequency Range 23
19.7 Internal Delay 23
20 Directional characteristics 24
20.1 Overview 24
20.2 Direct Sound Field in 3D Space 24
20.3 Directivity Far Field Characteristics 26
20.4 Output sound power 28
20.5 Sound power level 29
20.6 Average sound output power in the frequency band 30
20.7 Radiation angle 30
20.8 Coverage angle 30
20.9 Average sound pressure level in the acoustic area 31
21 Harmonic Distortion 31
21.1 Overview 31
21.2 Nth-order harmonic component 31
21.3 Total Harmonic Components 32
21.4 Total Harmonic Distortion 32
21.5 Higher-order harmonic distortion 33
21.6 Maximum sound pressure level limited by total harmonic distortion 34
21.7 Nth Order Equivalent Input Harmonic Distortion Component 35
21.8 Equivalent Input Total Harmonic Distortion 36
22 Intermodulation distortion under dual frequency excitation 36
22.1 Changes in Excitation Frequency 36
22.2 Intermodulation Distortion 36
22.3 Amplitude Modulation Distortion 37
23 Multi-tone distortion 38
23.1 Required conditions 38
23.2 Measurement methods 39
24 Pulse distortion 40
24.1 Pulse Distortion Level 40
24.2 Maximum pulse distortion ratio 41
24.3 Average Pulse Distortion Level 41
24.4 Crest Factor of Pulse Distortion 42
25 Stray magnetic field 42
25.1 Overview 42
25.2 Static components 42
25.3 Dynamic components 43
Appendix A (Informative) Uncertainty Analysis 44
Appendix B (Normative) Transducer Installation 46
B.1 Standard baffle 46
B.2 Standard measurement box 48
Appendix C (Normative) Analog Program Signal 50
Appendix D (Informative) Evaluation of maximum input and output values 52
Appendix E (Informative) Spherical Wave Expansion 53
E.1 Spherical wave expansion coefficient 53
E.2 Directivity coefficient 53
E.3 Directivity factor 53
E.4 Output sound power 53
Appendix F (Informative) Nonlinearity 54
F.1 Equivalent input harmonic distortion 54
F.2 Dual-frequency intermodulation 54
F.3 Signal distortion generated in audio systems 55
Appendix G (Informative) Stray Magnetic Field 57
References 58
Figure 1.Nominal conditions for describing the DUT position in a coordinate system 8
Figure 2 Recommended location and orientation of DUT 9
Figure 3 The effective range of wave expansion for the sound pressure p(r) at the observation point r with a distance r > a25
Figure 4 Measurement of distortion caused by multi-tone excitation signal 39
Figure 5 Measurement of pulse distortion 40
Figure A.1 Relationship between tolerance limits, corresponding acceptance intervals and maximum permissible measurement uncertainty UMAX 44
Figure B.1 Standard baffle and its dimensions 46
Figure B.2 Standard baffle with inclined surface 47
Figure B.3 Standard baffle with baffle plate 47
Figure B.4 Type A standard measurement box (net volume about 600dm3) 48
Figure B.5 Type B standard measurement box (net volume about 450dm3) 49
Figure C.1 Block diagram of the test setup used to generate a simulated noise signal for testing a rectifier with a network filter.
Passive speaker system 50
Figure F.1 Signal flow chart of electroacoustic system 54
Figure F.2 Frequency variation of dual-frequency excitation signal in intermodulation measurement 55
Figure F.3 Generation of signal distortion in audio systems 55
Figure G.1 Stray magnetic field measuring instrument 57
Table A.1 Uncertainty budget example - loudspeaker acoustic evaluation 45
Table C.1 1/3oct analogue programme signal power spectrum 50
Foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting.
This document is part 21 of GB/T 12060 "Sound system equipment". GB/T 12060 has published the following parts.
--- Part 1.Overview;
--- Part 2.Interpretation of general terms and calculation methods;
--- Part 3.Audio amplifier measurement methods;
--- Part 4.Microphone measurement methods;
--- Part 5.Test methods for main performance of loudspeakers;
--- Part 7.Measurement methods for headphones and earphones;
--- Part 9.Measurement methods for artificial reverberation, time delay and frequency shift devices;
--- Part 11.Application of connectors for interconnection of acoustic system equipment;
--- Part 13.Loudspeaker listening test;
--- Part 16.Objective evaluation of speech intelligibility through the speech transmission index;
--- Part 21.Output-based acoustic measurements.
This document is modified to adopt IEC 60268-21.2018 "Sound system equipment Part 21.Output-based acoustic measurements".
The technical differences between this document and IEC 60268-21.2018 and the reasons are as follows.
--- Added the abbreviations "EIHD", "EITHD", "HOHD", "IMD", "OCT" and "THD" (see 3.2) to facilitate the use of the standard;
--- Added normative references GB/T 12060.11 (see 5.4), GB/T 15212 (see 5.4) and IEC 63034.2020 (see
9.3~9.5, 10.2.1, 13.1), to adapt to my country's technical conditions;
--- Changed "free field conditions", "semi-free field conditions", "simulated free field conditions" and "far field conditions" (see 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 and
10.2.1) to adapt to my country's technical conditions;
--- Changed the evaluative description of near-field measurement (see 10.2.2.1) to adapt to the writing specifications of my country's national standards;
--- Changed the signs of the quantities "harmonic distortion", "intermodulation distortion under dual frequency excitation", "multitone distortion" and "impulse distortion" (see No. 21
Chapter 24) to adapt to the writing specifications of my country's national standards.
The following editorial changes were made to this document.
--- Corrected the formula of Hann burst signal and added the explanation of Hann window (see 8.8);
--- Changed the description of "pulse signal" in "test signal" (see 8.9);
--- Correct "long-term" to "short-term" (see 19.4.2);
--- Correct "Hlinf,r,umax" to "Hlinf,r,αumax" [see 19.4.4b)];
--- Combine the explanation of c in formula (31) into item b) (see 19.7.2);
--- Correct "ϕ1=θ2" to "ϕ1=ϕ2" (see 20.2.2.1);
--- Corrected the formula for output sound power [20.4.2b)];
--- Correct the "logarithmic ordinate (vertical) axis" to "logarithmic abscissa (horizontal) axis" (see 20.7.2);
--- Correct "logarithmic horizontal coordinate (y-axis)" to "logarithmic horizontal coordinate (x-axis)" (see 21.4.2, 21.5.2);
--- Correct "ETHD" in the note to "EIHD" (see 21.7.1);
--- Corrected the formula for expressing amplitude modulation distortion as a percentage [see 22.3.2f)];
--- Supplemented the explanation of uncertainty (see Appendix A);
--- GB/T 12060.7 replaced IEC 60268-7 (see 13.1) and GB/T 27418-2017 replaced
ISO /IEC Guide98-3 (see 12.2, Appendix A);
--- Corrected the formula for the output sound power at frequency f (see E.4).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Audio, Video and Multimedia Systems and Equipment (SAC/TC242).
This document was drafted by. Nanjing Langsheng Acoustic Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Yike Acoustics and Optics Technology Co., Ltd., Guoguang Electric Co., Ltd.
Co., Ltd., Tongli Technology Co., Ltd., China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Speck Electronics (Jiashan)
Co., Ltd., Suzhou Shangsheng Electronics Co., Ltd., Hisense Visual Technology Co., Ltd., Goertek Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Qisheng Electronics
Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin Boton Electronics Co., Ltd., Huizhou Yinboshi Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Shengjiali Electronics Co., Ltd.,
Shenzhen Baitai Industrial Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Zhanyin Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Shiyuan Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan Lie
Sheng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Ansheng Technology Co., Ltd., and Guangdong Bo Ke Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document are. Huang Jie, Zhang Tao, Xie Shouhua, Zheng Li, Xiao He, Dong Guiguan, Wu Yun, Chen Hong, Ding Xiaofeng, Wang Han, Zhang Linfeng, Han Haiyun,
He Jinglong, Luo Junhua, Sheng Chenglong, Jia Deshuang, Yu Chaoliang, Li Qin, Ma Hao, Liu Yifan, and Sun Fangfang.
Introduction
GB/T 12060 "Sound System Equipment" is a basic standard that regulates the technical requirements and testing methods of sound system equipment in my country.
12060 (all parts) aims to establish a technical specification system covering the entire process of acoustic system equipment design, production, testing and application.
Acoustic product performance parameters, test conditions, safety requirements and compatibility criteria are planned to consist of twenty parts.
--- Part 1.Overview;
--- Part 2.Interpretation of general terms and calculation methods;
--- Part 3.Audio amplifier measurement methods;
--- Part 4.Microphone measurement methods;
--- Part 5.Test methods for main performance of loudspeakers;
--- Part 6.Auxiliary passive components;
--- Part 7.Measurement methods for headphones and earphones;
--- Part 8.Automatic gain control devices;
--- Part 9.Measurement methods for artificial reverberation, time delay and frequency shift devices;
--- Part 10.Peak programme level meter;
--- Part 11.Application of connectors for interconnection of acoustic system equipment;
--- Part 12.Application of connectors for broadcasting and similar sound systems;
--- Part 13.Loudspeaker listening test;
--- Part 16.Objective evaluation of speech intelligibility through the speech transmission index;
--- Part 17.Standard volume meter;
--- Part 18.Peak programme level meter - Digital audio peak level meter;
--- Part 21.Output-based acoustic measurements;
--- Part 22.Electrical and mechanical measurements on transducers;
--- Part 23.Televisions and monitors-Speaker systems;
--- Part 24.Headphones and earphones – Active acoustic noise reduction characteristics.
As the use of loudspeakers, headphones, and other drivers grows, new measurement techniques are needed to evaluate these systems.
A series of examples, all of which require new measurement techniques.
• Limited access to transducer electrical terminals
The high integration of electrical, acoustic and mechanical components limits access to the transducer's electrical terminals.
• Analog or digital audio input signal
Audio input can be analog or digital in various formats.
• Delays and other types of distortion associated with digital signal processing
Digital signal processing is used to modify the transfer behavior of passive systems and generate the desired acoustic output, which may ultimately be produced in analog devices.
delays and other types of distortion not found in the
• Over-balancing
Excessive equalization may cause the transducer to operate in the large signal domain, resulting in thermal and nonlinear effects.
• Active protection
Active protection attenuates input signals to avoid mechanical and thermal overload of the transducer and other components.
• Other transducer principles
While most loudspeaker systems use electrodynamic transducers with moving coils, there is a need to expand the application to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and
Other transduction principles.
• Other mechanical and acoustic components
In order to improve the sound radiation, closed boxes, duct reflex boxes, passive radiation reflex boxes, horns, waveguides, flat plates and other mechanical and
Acoustic elements.
• Pulse distortion
Imperfections in manufacturing (such as voice coil friction) or operation under overload conditions may cause pulse distortion, which can have a significant impact on perception.
The sound quality of the sound is greatly affected, but it cannot be detected by traditional measurements (such as total harmonic distortion).
• Directivity characteristics and complex near-field properties
By considering the complex near-field properties as a supplement to existing far-field measurement techniques, a comprehensive evaluation of professional equipment can be achieved, including
In addition, for devices used in the near field, such as handheld personal audio devices (e.g. laptops, tablets
computers, smartphones, and other portable acoustic systems need to be evaluated in a manner appropriate to their intended use.
Sound system equipment
Part 21.Output-based acoustic measurements
1 Scope
This document describes the specifications for passive and active sound systems (such as loudspeaker units, televisions, multimedia equipment, personal portable audio equipment, etc.)
The device under test (DUT) can consist of electronic components and passive drivers.
The electrical input signal is first processed by electronic components for analog and digital signal processing, and then converted into an acoustic output signal by a passive driver.
This document describes physical measurements that can evaluate any analog or digital input signal of the DUT at any point in the near and far fields of the system.
The physical measurement of the transfer behavior between the signal and the acoustic output. This includes measuring the DUT in both the small signal domain and the large signal domain.
When performing a physical evaluation, the impact of the acoustic boundary conditions of the target application (e.g., the interior of a car) may also be considered. This document does not evaluate the effects of the reproduced sound.
Perceptual and cognitive evaluation and the impact of perceived sound quality.
NOTE According to reference [1], some of the measurement methods defined in this document can be applied to headphones, headphone-microphone combinations, earphones and headphone-microphone combinations.
This document does not apply to microphones and other sensors. This document does not require the acquisition of state variables (voltage, current) at the electrical terminals of the transducer.
Sensitivity, electrical input power and other characteristics based on electrical impedance are described in a separate standard document, IEC 60268-22, which is dedicated to
Electrical and mechanical measurements.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB/T 321 Priority numbers and priority number systems (GB/T 321-2005, ISO 3.1973, IDT)
GB/T 6881-2023 Acoustics - Determination of sound power level and sound energy level of noise source by sound pressure method - Reverberation chamber precision method (ISO 3741.
2010, IDT)
GB/T 6882 Acoustics Sound pressure method for determining the sound power level and sound energy level of noise sources - Anechoic chamber and semi-anechoic chamber precision method
(GB/T 6882-2016, ISO 3745.2012, IDT)
GB/T 12060.1 Sound system equipment Part 1.Overview (GB/T 12060.1-2017, IEC 60268-1.1985, MOD)
GB/T 12060.2-2011 Sound system equipment Part 2.General term interpretation and calculation methods (IEC 60268-2.1987, IDT)
GB/T 12060.11 Sound system equipment Part 11.Application of connectors for interconnection of sound system equipment (GB/T 12060.11-
2012,IEC 60268-11.1987,NEQ)
GB/T 15212 Application of connectors for broadcasting and similar sound systems (GB/T 15212-1994, eqvIEC 60268-12.1987)
GB/T 20441.4 Measurement Microphones Part 4.Specifications for Working Standard Microphones (GB/T 20441.4-2006, IEC 61094-
4.1995,IDT)
ISO 3741 Acoustics-Determining the sound power level and sound energy level of noise sources by sound pressure method - Reverberation chamber precision method
ISO 3744 Acoustics - Determination of sound power level and sound energy level of noise sources by sound pressure method - Engineering method for approximation to free field above reflecting surfaces
Note. GB/T 3707-2016 Acoustics - Determination of sound power level and sound energy level of noise source by sound pressure method - Engineering method for approximate free field above reflecting surface
(ISO 3744.2010, IDT)
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