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GB 51261-2019: Standard for design of natural gas liquefaction plant
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Standard for design of natural gas liquefaction plant
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GB 51261-2019
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 51261-2019 (GB51261-2019) | | Description (Translated English) | Standard for design of natural gas liquefaction plant | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P72 | | Classification of International Standard | 71.010 | | Word Count Estimation | 131,110 | | Date of Issue | 2019 | | Date of Implementation | 2019-12-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB 51261-2019: Standard for design of natural gas liquefaction plant---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to implement relevant national laws, regulations, guidelines and policies, unify the design principles and technical requirements of natural gas liquefaction plants, and achieve advanced technology, safety and reliability, reasonable economy, energy conservation and environmental protection.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the engineering design of newly built, expanded or reconstructed natural gas liquefaction plants on land.
1.0.3 The engineering design of the natural gas liquefaction plant shall not only implement this standard, but also comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 liquefied natural gas
A cryogenic liquid fluid whose main component is methane and which may contain small amounts of ethane, propane, nitrogen, or other components normally found in natural gas.
2.0.2 natural gas liquefaction plant
Production enterprises that convert gaseous natural gas into liquefied natural gas generally include units such as natural gas (raw gas) pretreatment, liquefaction, storage, loading and unloading, and gasification.
2.0.3 collecting basin
Structures used to collect leaked Class A liquid refrigerants, auxiliary products and liquefied natural gas.
2.0.4 production area
An area consisting of process units or facilities that use, produce flammable substances and may emit flammable gases.
2.0.5 Device storage tank (group) storage tanks within process plant
During the normal production process of the device, it does not directly participate in the process, but the process requires storage tanks (groups) arranged in the device to meet the needs of balanced production or supplementary refrigerant. It mainly includes refrigerant storage tanks and auxiliary product storage tanks.
2.0.6 Process equipment process equipment
A general term for various pretreatment, liquefaction, and gasification equipment required to realize the process.
2.0.7 process plant area
An area consisting of one or more independent process equipment.
2.0.8 feed gas
Raw materials for natural gas liquefaction plants, such as natural gas, coal bed methane and other gases with methane as the main component.
2.0.9 feed gas preprocessing
In order to meet the requirements of liquefaction process and products, the process of removing impurities in raw gas, such as acid gas removal, dehydration, heavy hydrocarbon removal, benzene removal, mercury removal, deoxygenation, nitrogen removal, etc.
2.0.10 acid gas acid gas
The acid gas released from the feed gas is mainly composed of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
2.0.11 refrigerant refrigerant
In the refrigeration system, the medium that provides cooling capacity through its own state change.
2.0.12 cold box cold box
It is composed of plate-fin heat exchanger or coiled tube heat exchanger and gas-liquid separator and other equipment, and is a low-temperature heat exchange equipment that has undergone heat insulation and cold preservation.
2.0.13 heated vaporizer heated vaporizer
Equipment that vaporizes liquefied natural gas and refrigerants through fuel combustion, electric energy or waste heat.
2.0.14 integral heated vaporizer
A heating gasifier in which the heat source and the gasification heat exchanger are integrated. Such gasifiers include submerged combustion gasifiers.
2.0.15 remote heated vaporizer remote heated vaporizer
The main heat source is separated from the gasification heat exchanger, and the heating gasifier uses heat medium fluid (such as water, steam, isopentane, ethylene glycol, etc.) as the heat transfer medium.
2.0.16 ambient vaporizer
A gasifier that draws heat from a natural heat source, such as the atmosphere, sea water, or geothermal water.
2.0.17 single containment tank
Single-wall storage tanks with insulation or tanks consisting of an inner tank and an outer tank. The inner tank can meet the requirements of storing low-temperature frozen liquid, and the outer tank is mainly used as a support and protective insulation layer, and can withstand the pressure of gas purging, but it cannot store the low-temperature frozen liquid leaked from the inner tank.
4 Regional planning
4.0.1 The regional planning of the natural gas liquefaction plant shall be reasonably arranged according to the characteristics and fire hazards of the plant itself and adjacent plants or facilities, combined with conditions such as terrain, wind direction, gas source and transportation.
4.0.2 Natural gas liquefaction plants should be far away from urban residential areas and social public welfare facilities, and should be located on the upwind side of the minimum frequency wind direction adjacent to urban residential areas and social public welfare facilities.
4.0.3 The natural gas liquefaction plant site selection should avoid the following areas or areas.
1 Seismogenic faults and areas with seismic fortification intensity of 9 degrees and above;
2 Drinking water source protection areas; forest and agricultural protection and development planning areas designated by the state; nature reserves, scenic spots and historical relics protection areas;
3 Landslides, landslides, mud-rock flows, quicksand, serious ground subsidence or subsidence and other geological disaster-prone areas and key prevention and control areas, within the surface limits of mining collapse and dislocation areas;
4 Flood storage and detention areas, areas that may be submerged after the dam or embankment breaks;
5 areas that endanger the airspace protection zone of the airport;
6 Mineral deposit areas or mineral resource reserve areas with mining value;
7 Sections with severe self-weight collapsible loess sections, newly accumulated loess sections with large thickness and saturated loess sections with high compressibility and other sections with poor engineering geological conditions;
8 Windy areas in mountainous or hilly areas.
4.0.4 When the natural gas liquefaction plant is arranged along the river bank, it should be located downstream of important buildings (structures) such as towns adjacent to the river, important wharves, important bridges, shipyards, and storage areas.
4.0.5 Regional oil and gas pipelines are not allowed to pass through the natural gas liquefaction plant area, and roads and regional overhead power lines are strictly prohibited from passing through the natural gas liquefaction plant production area.
4.0.6 Flammable liquid storage tanks (groups) should not be arranged close to rivers and flood drainage ditches. When it is necessary to arrange due to conditions, reliable measures should be taken to prevent flammable liquids from flowing into rivers and flood drainage ditches.
4.0.7 The fire separation distance for the area layout of the natural gas liquefaction plant shall not be less than the provisions in Table 4.0.7.
4.0.8 The fire separation distance of elevated flares shall be calculated and determined according to the allowable radiant heat intensity of outsiders or equipment in the natural gas liquefaction plant. The safety layout requirements for the range of different radiant heat intensity ranges of flare emissions should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Layout Design of Petrochemical Plants" GB 50984.
4.0.9 When the natural gas liquefaction plant is built adjacent to petroleum and natural gas chemical and coal chemical enterprises, the fire separation distance shall not be less than the provisions in Table 4.0.9.
4.0.10 The natural gas liquefaction plant shall be located in an area not threatened by floods, tides or waterlogging, and when unavoidable, reliable flood control and waterlogging measures shall be taken.
5 General layout of the factory
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The general layout of the factory should be based on the characteristics of the production process, the fire hazard, the relationship between the devices, and in combination with the terrain, wind direction and surrounding environment, and be arranged in a centralized manner according to functional areas.
5.1.2 Process installations, storage tanks (groups), loading and unloading areas and other facilities that may emit flammable gases should be arranged on the windward side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction in places where people gather and where open flames or sparks are emitted.
5.1.3 Liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks (groups) and flammable liquid storage tanks (groups) should not be arranged adjacently on the steps higher than the process unit area, important plant-wide facilities or personnel concentration places. When limited by conditions or required by shared technology, they can be arranged adjacently on steps higher than process equipment, but measures should be taken to prevent leaked liquefied hydrocarbons or flammable liquids from flowing into process equipment, important plant-wide facilities or places where personnel are concentrated.
5.1.4 The liquefied natural gas loading and unloading area and the liquefied natural gas filling station should be arranged at the edge of the factory area, and should be separated into independent areas with walls.
5.1.5 The plant-wide elevated flare or vent pipe should be located on the windward side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction in the production area, and should be arranged on a higher site.
5.1.6 Air separation devices and air compressors for instrument air shall be arranged in areas with clean air, and shall be located on the downwind side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction in places where flammable gases may be emitted.
5.1.7 The main substation that uses overhead power lines to enter the factory area should be arranged at the edge of the factory area.
5.1.8 No less than 2.2m non-combustible material enclosures shall be set around the natural gas liquefaction plant. When the production area of a natural gas liquefaction plant is arranged adjacent to other factories and mines, a non-combustible material solid wall of not less than 2.2m should be set up on the adjacent side.
5.1.9 The greening design of the plant area shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Layout Design of Petrochemical Plants" GB 50984.
5.2 Fire separation distance in the factory
5.2.1 The fire separation distance of the general layout in the factory shall not be less than the provisions in Table 5.2.1.
5.2.2 The fire distance between the flare and the facilities in the plant shall meet the following requirements.
1 The fire separation distance between the elevated flare and the facilities in the plant shall be calculated and determined according to the allowable radiant heat intensity of personnel or equipment, and the safety layout requirements for different ranges of radiant heat intensity emitted by the flare shall comply with the current national standard "Petrochemical Plant Layout Design Code" GB 50984 The relevant provisions;
2 The fire distance between the enclosed ground flare and the facilities in the plant shall be determined according to the place where there is an open flame or where sparks are emitted.
5.2.3 The arrangement of the combustible gas vent standpipe shall comply with the provisions of Article 9.2.5 of this standard.
5.2.4 The distance between the liquefied natural gas liquid collection tank and the liquid diversion channel and the open flame site should not be less than 30m.
5.2.5 The distance between the liquefied natural gas storage tank with a design pressure of less than 100kPa and the factory enclosure shall not be less than that specified in Table 5.2.5-1, and the distance between the LNG storage tank with a design pressure greater than or equal to 100kPa and the factory enclosure shall not be less than that specified in Table 5.2.5-2.
5.3 Gates and roads in the factory area
5.3.1 The location and quantity of the entrances and exits of the factory area shall meet the following requirements.
1 The entrances and exits of people flow and logistics in the factory should be set up separately;
2 There should be no less than two main entrances and exits of the factory;
3 The factory should set up emergency escape exits for personnel, and the emergency escape exits should be located in different directions from the main entrances and exits;
4 The entrances and exits of the LNG loading and unloading area should be set up separately.
5.3.2 The road layout in the factory area should be convenient for the flow of people and goods to enter and exit, and meet the requirements of construction, operation, emergency repair, safety and fire protection.
5.3.3 The layout of the roads in the plant area should be combined with the functional zoning and device boundary zoning in the plant area, and the layout of primary and secondary roads should be reasonable.
5.3.4 The setting of fire lanes in the factory area shall comply with the following regulations.
1 Ring-shaped fire lanes should be set up in the process unit area, LNG tank group, LNG loading and unloading area, LNG filling station, and dangerous goods warehouse area; when restricted by terrain and other conditions, a dead-end fire lane in the return yard can be set up, the area of the return yard shall be determined according to the type of fire-fighting vehicle equipped locally, and shall not be less than 18m×18m;
2 The distance between the center of any storage tank in the liquefied natural gas tank group and the nearest fire lane shall not be greater than 80m, and the distance between the outer embankment line of the fire embankment of the tank group and the fire lane shall not be less than 3m;
3 The distance between the process device and the surrounding fire lanes should not be less than 5m, and the distance between any equipment in the device and the nearest fire lane should not be greater than 120m;
4 The headroom height of the fire lane should not be less than 5m, the turning radius of the inner edge of the fire lane should not be less than 12m, the longitudinal slope should not be greater than 8%, and the clear width of the fire lane should not be less than 6m;
5 The fire lanes should be arranged in conjunction with the main roads in the factory area and the traffic arteries outside the factory.
5.3.5 When the road surface in the factory is more than 2.5m higher than the nearby ground, and there are process devices or flammable gas, liquefied hydrocarbons, flammable liquid storage tanks and ground pipelines within 15m from the edge of the road, they should be placed on the edge of the road. Protective facilities such as buttresses and low walls shall be provided.
6 Process systems and devices
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The process equipment of each unit in the process device should be designed based on the material balance and heat balance of the design working conditions, and the requirements for the upper and lower limits of the device's operation should be considered reasonably. The operating flexibility should match each other, and the selection of design parameters should be reasonable and feasible.
6.1.2 The raw gas pretreatment process shall be determined according to the composition and pressure of the raw gas, pretreatment scale, liquefaction process, energy conservation and environmental protection and other factors.
6.1.3 The natural gas liquefaction process should be reasonably determined according to factors such as device scale, product specifications, composition and pressure of pretreated gas, energy conservation and environmental protection.
6.1.4 The layout of the process equipment should make the process flow smooth, and it should be convenient for equipment installation, operation, maintenance and fire fighting and rescue.
6.1.5 Process equipment should be equipped with corresponding instruments, automatic interlock protection system or emergency shutdown measures according to the fire hazard of the internal materials and operating conditions.
6.2 Process system
6.2.1 An emergency shut-off valve should be installed before the feed gas inlet pipeline enters the pretreatment device, and the emergency shut-off valve should have a remote operation function. When there are two or more sets of pretreatment devices in the factory, an emergency shut-off valve should be installed on the feed gas inlet pipe of each device.
6.2.2 Metering facilities should be installed on the main pipe of raw material gas entering the plant. When there are two or more sets of pretreatment devices in the factory, metering facilities should be installed on the raw gas inlet pipe of each device.
6.2.3 The vent gas and condensate discharged from combustible gas compressors should be treated centrally.
6.2.4 When reciprocating compressors are used for raw gas compressors and refrigerant compressors, oil-free lubricated cylinder compressors should be used. When oil-lubricated reciprocating compressors are used, oil removal facilities should be installed, and the oil removal rate and pressure drop should meet the subsequent process requirements.
6.2.5 When selecting the pretreatment process, the raw gas should be analyzed for all components, and the hydrocarbon components in the raw gas should be analyzed until the last component is less than or equal to 1×10-4 (mol fraction/%). CO2 should be analyzed to 1×10-4 (mol fraction/%) level, H2S, COS, total sulfur (calculated as sulfur) should be analyzed to mg/m3 level, and aromatic hydrocarbons should be analyzed to 1×10-4 (mol fraction/%) %) level, Hg should be analyzed to μg/m3 level.
6.2.6 After raw gas pretreatment, on-line trace moisture detection and on-line CO2 content detection devices should be installed, and measures should be taken to prevent unqualified gas from entering downstream devices.
6.2.7 The acid gas discharged from pretreatment shall meet the requirements of environmental protection regulations and relevant environmental protection standards. When pretreatment adopts dry method to remove acid gas, full consideration should be given to the comprehensive utilization of regeneration gas.
6.2.8 When the adsorption process is used for raw gas pretreatment, dust filtration facilities should be installed in the downstream process.
6.2.9 When the oxygen content in the feed gas exceeds 0.5% (mol fraction/%), a deoxidation device shall be installed, and an online oxygen analyzer shall be installed on the pipeline after the deoxidation device and on the device that is easy to accumulate oxygen. The oxygen analyzer shall It has oxygen concentration detection and alarm function.
6.2.10 The evaporated gas of liquefied natural gas should be recovered or reused.
6.2.11 Refrigerant recovery tanks should be installed in the process of using mixed refrigerant refrigeration, and the volume of the recovery tanks should be able to store the liquid refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant system pipes during maintenance.
6.2.12 The cold box should be equipped with detection and protection facilities to prevent leakage of refrigerant and natural gas in the cold box.
6.2.13 Control valves should not be installed inside the cold box.
6.2.14 Before the refrigerant is added to the liquefaction system, drying facilities should be installed, and the water content should be less than 10-6m3/m3.
6.2.15 For equipment and pipelines that may be blocked due to freezing, antifreezing and thawing measures should be taken.
6.2.16 A shut-off valve should be installed on the inlet pipeline of the pump and compressor, and a shut-off valve and a check valve should be installed on the outlet pipeline, and the check valve should be arranged before the shut-off valve.
6.3 Arrangement in the device
6.3.1 The fire separation distance between equipment and buildings in the installation shall not be less than the provisions in Table 6.3.1.
6.3.2 The equipment should be arranged in the open air or semi-open air. When there are requirements for process operation and equipment protection or restricted by natural conditions, they can be arranged in buildings.
6.3.3 When the area occupied by the equipment and buildings of Category A installations is greater than 10,000m2, roads should be used to divide them into areas each not greater than 10,000m2.
6.3.4 Liquid guiding and collecting facilities should be arranged around the equipment area where flammable liquid may leak.
6.3.5 The design of the vertical floor and sewage system in the device shall reduce the residence time and diffusion range of the flammable liquid that may leak near the process equipment.
6.3.6 The control room, cabinet room, substation and distribution station of the device should not be arranged in the same building as the rooms with Class A and Class B equipment.
6.3.7 The control room and laboratory of the device should be set up uniformly throughout the plant, and should be located on the downwind side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction of the places and facilities emitting combustible gas.
6.3.8 When cabinet rooms and substations are arranged in the device, they shall meet the following requirements.
1 Arranged on the edge of the device and should be located outside the scope of the explosion hazard area;
2 The floor plan of the buildings located in additional zone 2 shall be higher than the outdoor floor by not less than 0.6m;
3 The outer wall facing the fire hazard equipment side between the cabinets shall be a solid wall of non-combustible material with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3h, and the outer wall shall not have door and window openings.
6.3.9 On-line analytical instruments for flammable gases, liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids should not be installed in the control room and laboratory.
6.3.10 The on-line analytical instruments for combustible gases, liquefied hydrocarbons and combustible liquids should be arranged near the sampling point, and the fire separation distance from process equipment is not limited.
6.3.11 When the equipment arranged in the on-line analysis instrument room in the explosion-hazardous area is non-explosion-proof, the on-line analysis instrument room shall be ventilated under positive pressure.
6.3.12 Open flame heating furnaces and heat-conducting oil furnaces should be concentrated on the edge of the device, and should be located on the downwind side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction for combustible gas, liquefied hydrocarbons and combustible liquid equipment.
6.3.13 The fire distance between the fuel gas separator tank and fuel gas heater attached to the open flame heating furnace and the furnace body should not be less than 6m.
6.3.14 The arrangement of storage tanks (groups) of the device shall meet the following requirements.
1 When the total volume of storage tanks for liquefied hydrocarbons is less than or equal to 100m3, and the total volume of storage tanks for flammable liquids is less than or equal to.200m3, they can be arranged in the installations, and the fire separation distance between storage tanks and equipment and buildings should not be less than The provisions of 6.3.1;
2 When the total volume of storage tanks for liquefied hydrocarbons is greater than 100m3 and less than or equal to 300m3, and the total volume of storage tanks for flammable liquids is greater than.200m3 and less than or equal to 500m3, they shall be arranged in groups on the edge of the equipment; It should not be larger than 100m3, and the volume of a single tank of flammable liquid should not be larger than 300m3; the fire protection design of the storage tank group of the device should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Standards for Fire Protection Design of Petrochemical Enterprises" GB 50160;
3 The pumps related to the storage tank shall be arranged outside the fire dike, and the fire distance between them and the storage tank is not limited;
4 The fire separation distance between the storage tank group of the device and other equipment and buildings in the device shall not be less than the provisions in Table 6.3.1.
6.3.15 The layout of the crane position of the special loading and unloading vehicle for the device storage tank (group) shall meet the following requirements.
1 The loading and unloading crane position should be arranged on the edge of the device, and should be close to the road, and the distance from the device storage tank (group) should not be less than 15m;
2 The distance between adjacent cranes for liquefied hydrocarbons should not be less than 4m, and the distance between adjacent cranes for flammable liquids should not be less than 4m;
3 The distance between adjacent crane positions of liquefied hydrocarbon and combustible liquid shall not be less than 8m;
4 The distance between the loading and unloading crane position and the pumps arranged in a centralized manner shall not be less than 8m.
6.3.16 The arrangement of combustible gas compressors and the design of the plant shall meet the following requirements.
1 The combustible gas compressor should be arranged in an open or semi-open factory building; when limited by conditions, it can be arranged in a closed factory building, but there should be measures to prevent the accumulation of combustible gas in the factory building;
2 Except for the high-level lubricating oil tank for self-use, process equipment for combustible gas, liquefied hydrocarbon and combustible liquid shall not be arranged above the compressor;
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