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GB 51194-2016: Code for design of engineering for telecommunication power supply equipment installation
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Code for design of engineering for telecommunication power supply equipment installation
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GB 51194-2016
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 51194-2016 (GB51194-2016) | | Description (Translated English) | Code for design of engineering for telecommunication power supply equipment installation | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P76 | | Word Count Estimation | 59,592 | | Date of Issue | 2016-08-26 | | Date of Implementation | 2017-04-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50016; GB 50217; GB 50689; JGJ 16; GB 51195; GB 3096; GB/T 14549; YD 5003; YD 5059; YD 5167 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Housing and Urban - Rural Development Notice No.1293 of 2016 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard applies to the new, alteration, expansion of communications power supply equipment installation project design. | GB 51194-2016: Code for design of engineering for telecommunication power supply equipment installation
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This specification is formulated to standardize the installation design of communication power supply equipment and ensure the safety of personnel, equipment and normal operation.
1.0.2 This specification applies to the design of new construction, reconstruction and expansion of communication power equipment installation projects.
1.0.3 The installation design of communication power supply equipment should be based on the premise of ensuring the quality of power supply, considering the convenience of installation, maintenance and use, and should ensure the communication security under special conditions such as natural disasters.
1.0.4 In areas of my country with seismic fortification intensity above 7 degrees (including 7 degrees), the power supply equipment used in the public telecommunication network must meet the seismic fortification requirements.
1.0.5 The short-term construction scale such as project design plan and equipment configuration should be combined with the long-term development plan. At the same time, multiple plans should be carried out based on factors such as project construction and development forecast, economic effect, equipment life, expansion and reconstruction possibilities, etc. Based on technical and economical comparison, choose the scheme with high reliability, low engineering cost and low maintenance cost.
1.0.6 The design should be realistic, technologically advanced, economically reasonable, safe and applicable. Expansion and reconstruction projects should fully consider the characteristics of the original communication equipment, rationally utilize the original buildings, equipment and equipment, and adopt innovative measures, and should achieve advanced, applicable, and economical goals.
1.0.7 Communication power supply design should adopt energy-saving technology.
1.0.8 The communication office station shall adopt the power environment centralized monitoring and management system.
1.0.9 The design of the installation project of communication power supply equipment shall not only comply with this code, but also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 the near future and forward
Considering the construction scale of the project, it is necessary to divide the load economically and rationally. 1 to 3 years after the project is completed and put into operation is short-term; 3 to 5 years after the project is completed and put into operation is long-term.
2.0.2 Centralize power supply and de-centralize power supply
Centralized power supply means that there is only one communication power supply center (such as power room, battery room) globally, and all communication equipment is powered by the power supply center.
Distributed power supply refers to setting up multiple communication power supply points globally, and each power supply point provides independent power supply for adjacent communication equipment.
2.0.3 Independent power supply
Refers to a power source that is not affected by the failure or blackout of other power sources in operation. In this specification, it mainly refers to power plants (stations) and substations or switchgears on the ring power network composed of more than two power plants (stations).
2.0.4 Introducing the input power line
Refers to the power supply lines imported in accordance with the following mains power supply methods.
1 The cable dedicated line or overhead dedicated line directly introduced from the outlet of the power plant (station) or substation (station).
2 Cable lines or overhead lines directly introduced from the power transmission lines of power plants (stations) or substations (stations).
3 Cable lines or overhead lines directly introduced from the ring power network.
2.0.5 clear width
Refers to the horizontal distance between equipment and equipment or between equipment and the largest protruding part of the wall.
2.0.6 Two level low voltage disconnection
The low-voltage secondary cut-off function is a measure taken to ensure the safety of network operation in view of the particularity of the mobile communication transmission network structure, that is, when the battery voltage reaches a certain value in the DC power supply system, when the battery voltage reaches a certain value, it will be automatically cut off. Base station wireless load (first-level cut-off), the storage battery supplies the transmission load first, and when the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage, all loads are cut off (second-level cut-off) to protect the battery.
2.0.7 guaranteed load assured load
Under normal circumstances, it is powered by the mains, and the load that needs to be powered by the backup generator set when the mains fails.
2.0.8 High voltage high voltage
In this specification, high voltage refers to the voltage level of 10kV and above.
3 Classification of mains and communication bureaus and introduction of external mains
3.0.1 According to the power supply conditions in the area where the communication station is located, the way of introducing power supply lines and the operating status, the mains power supply is divided into four categories, and the division conditions should meet the following regulations.
1 Class I mains power supply should be introduced into one power supply line from two stable and reliable independent power sources. The two roads should not have power outages for maintenance at the same time, the average number of power outages per month should not be greater than 1, and the average time for each failure should not be greater than 0.5h. The two incoming power supply lines should be equipped with an automatic input device for the backup mains power supply.
2 The power supply line introduced by the second-class mains power supply may have planned maintenance and power outages. The average number of power outages per month should not exceed 3.5 times, and the average failure time for each failure should not exceed 6 hours. The power supply shall meet the requirements of one of the following conditions.
1) Introduce a power supply line into a stable and reliable ring network composed of more than two independent power sources;
2) A stable and reliable independent power supply or a power supply line is introduced from a stable and reliable transmission line.
3 The three types of mains power supply lead-in power supply lines should be led from one power supply to one power supply line. The power supply line is long and there are many users. The average number of power outages per month should not exceed 4.5 times, and the average failure time per failure should not exceed 8h.
4 The four types of mains power supply shall meet the requirements of one of the following conditions.
1) One power supply leads to one power supply line, and there are frequent power outages day and night, and the power supply is not guaranteed, which cannot meet the requirements of the third type of mains power supply;
2) There are seasonal long-term power outages.
3.0.2 Communication stations should be classified according to their level and importance, and should meet the following requirements.
1 Class I office stations shall include hubs at or above the provincial level, disaster recovery and backup centers, long-distance communication buildings, provincial core network offices, Internet security centers, Internet data centers (R2, R3), billing centers, international gateway offices, International submarine cable landing station.
2 The second-class office stations should include city-level hubs, national-level transmission trunk line stations, Internet data centers (R1 level), satellite earth stations, customer service buildings, radio stations, and network management centers.
3 Three types of office stations should include county-level comprehensive buildings, provincial-level transmission trunk line stations, and modular local telephone offices.
4 The four types of office stations should include terminal access stations, mobile communication base stations, and indoor distribution stations.
3.0.3 The introduction of external mains power shall comply with the following regulations.
1 The reliability of mains power should be fully considered in the construction of communication bureaus and stations. The introduction of first-class mains power should be considered for first-class office stations; the introduction of second-class mains power should be considered for second-class communication bureau stations. When it is large, the introduction of Class I city power can be considered; for Class III stations, Class II city power can be introduced when conditions are met, and Class III city power can be introduced when conditions are not met; Class III and Class III stations can be introduced when conditions are met. If the above commercial power is not available, the four types of commercial power can be introduced.
2 The introduction of external mains power should consider the future scalability. The voltage level of imported external mains power can be determined according to the local power supply conditions, power consumption capacity and other requirements. Generally, 10kV mains power is used for introduction.
3 Independently set core network, national trunk transmission nodes and other relatively important small-capacity communication loads, due to limited conditions and unable to meet the requirements of the mains introduction category, the configuration of fixed or mobile generator sets can be improved to improve its power supply reliability.
3.0.4 The communication bureau station should preferably choose the mains power as the main power supply.
3.0.5 It is not advisable to use the overhead lead-in method for high-voltage cables in the communication station, and it is not suitable for two high-voltage cables brought in by the same station to enter the station in the same ditch.
3.0.6 As for the mains electricity introduced by two lines, when one of them is interrupted, the capacity of the other line should be able to meet the power consumption of the important load of the communication station.
3.0.7 For communication bureaus where the mains lead-in line is too long or there is no mains, the main power supply can be powered by solar power or other energy sources.
4 AC power supply system
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 Under the premise of meeting the power load requirements of the station, the AC power supply system should be simple in wiring, safe in operation, flexible in scheduling, and convenient in maintenance.
4.1.2 The low-voltage AC power supply system of the communication station with an independent transformer shall adopt the TN-S or TN-CS grounding method.
4.1.3 The power distribution in the AC power supply system should be simple and reliable. The number of power distribution stages of the same voltage level should not exceed two for high voltage (10kV and above); and not more than three for low voltage (400V and below).
4.1.4 According to the capacity and distribution of the load, the substation and distribution station should be close to the load center.
4.1.5 The allowable limit value of harmonic voltage in the AC power supply system and harmonic current injected at the public connection point shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Power Quality Harmonics of Public Grid" GB/T 14549.
4.1.6 Electric interlocking device shall be provided when the automatic switching mode is adopted between mains power supply and between mains power supply and standby generator.
4.1.7 The automatic power transformation and distribution system should have manual operation function.
4.2 High voltage power distribution system
4.2.1 The high-voltage power distribution system of the communication station shall adopt radial power distribution.
4.2.2 High-voltage power distribution devices should be installed if the transformer capacity of the station is 630kVA and above. For the power supply system with two-way mains input device equipped with backup mains power automatic input device, when the transformer is 630kVA and above, the mains automatic input device should be set on the high-voltage side; when the transformer capacity is below 630kVA, the mains automatic input device can be on the low pressure side.
4.2.3 During the construction of the high-voltage power distribution system, the final load demand of the station should be considered, and the expansion position of the high-voltage equipment or the high-voltage outlet cabinet should be reserved.
4.2.4 The high-voltage distribution circuit breaker should preferably use a high-voltage vacuum switch. When the installation location cannot meet the requirements, the fuse can be selected when the total load capacity of the station is below 630kVA.
4.2.5 The operating power supply of the high-voltage power distribution system of Class I, Class II, and Class III communication stations should be DC operating power and equipped with batteries.
4.3 Transformer
4.3.1 Class I, Class II, and Class III communication stations should use special transformers, and use Dyn11 wiring group three-phase power distribution energy-saving transformers.
4.3.2 When transformers are connected in parallel, transformers of the same type and capacity should be used, and the difference in short-circuit impedance should be within 10%.
4.3.3 When the fluctuation range of the high-voltage mains voltage exceeds ±7% of the rated voltage, an on-load tap-changing transformer should be used.
4.3.4 The capacity of the dedicated transformer should be configured according to the short-term load, and a certain development load should be considered. The operating load of a single transformer should not be less than 50% of its rated capacity.
4.3.5 When the seasonal load changes greatly, two or more transformers should be installed, one of which should bear the seasonal load, and the rest should be able to bear the long-term load.
4.3.6 Two or more transformers should be used for Class I and Class II communication station transformers. When one of the transformers fails or is overhauled, the rest of the transformers should meet the guaranteed load power consumption.
4.3.7 Transformers installed indoors should be dry-type transformers with temperature control devices, and protective enclosures should be equipped when transformers and power distribution equipment are installed in the same room.
4.4 Low-voltage power distribution system
4.4.1 Connections should be set up between the low-voltage bus sections of different transformers, and the contact point should be before the switching point of the mains and standby generator sets.
4.4.2 Automatic reactive power compensation device should be installed in the communication station. The compensation capacitor should be installed on the low-voltage side, and a certain proportion of reactors should be connected in series. After compensation, the power factor must reach above 0.9 and meet the local power supply requirements.
4.5 Standby generating sets
4.5.1 The standby generating set configured in the communication office station should adopt an automatic generating set that is automatically switched on, automatically cut off, and automatically replenished, and has remote signaling, telemetry, remote control performance, and standard interfaces and communication protocols.
4.5.2 Capacity configuration should meet the following requirements.
1 Mains power supply is Class I or Class II stations. When the long-term development load is large, it can be configured according to the short-term load and considering certain development load needs; when the long-term development load is not large, it should be configured according to the long-term load.
2 The three-type office station with mains power supply should be configured according to the short-term load; when the long-term development load is not large, it should be configured according to the long-term load.
3.The office station with four types of mains power supply should be configured according to the short-term load.
4 Diesel generator sets should be used for fixed power generation equipment, and gas turbine generator sets can be used for stations with a single unit capacity exceeding 1600kW; gas turbine generator sets should be used for vehicle-mounted generator sets with a capacity of 800kW and above; A portable gasoline generator set is optional.
4.5.3 The station can use a high-voltage generator set (10kV) as a backup power supply.
4.5.4 The number of standby generating sets shall be based on the type of mains power supply of the station, and shall be configured according to the provisions in Table 4.5.4.For mobile communication base stations powered by Class III or Class IV commercial power, manned stations for microwave and optical (electric) cables, and modular local telephone offices, mobile standby generator sets can be added for temporary dispatching according to actual needs.
Table 4.5.4 Allocation of the number of standby generator sets and the number of discharge hours of battery packs
Note. ① In the Internet data center of the first and second class office stations, the battery discharge time of the power supply system can be reduced, but it should not be less than 10 minutes. When the AC power supply system of other types of stations meets automatic switching, the battery discharge time should not be less than 15 minutes.
The Internet data center (R3 level) in the first-class office station category should be introduced by first-class mains power, and the number of oil generators should be configured according to N.
The Internet data center (R2 level) in the first-class office station category should adopt the first-class mains power introduction; when the second-class mains power is used, the number of oil generators should be configured according to N.
The Internet data center (R1 level) in the category of the second-class office station may not be equipped with a backup generator set.
② The battery discharge hours of the unmanned communication station should be determined according to the following factors.
A. Stations using unattended diesel generator sets.
(a) After receiving the fault signal, there should be a certain preparation time (generally no more than 1h);
(b) Travel time from the maintenance point to the unmanned station (calculated at normal vehicle speed);
(c) Troubleshooting time (generally no more than 3h);
5.1.1 The DC power supply system can be powered by decentralized or centralized power supply.
5.1.2 For Class I and Class II stations with multiple business network systems, decentralized power supply should be adopted. The decentralized power supply mode should be based on the conditions of communication capacity, computer room distribution, maintenance technology and maintenance system, so that the power supply equipment is close to the load center, and flexible expansion conditions should be provided.
5.1.3 The DC power supply system shall adopt the online charging mode and operate with full floating charging. The battery float charge voltage, battery recharge or equalization charge voltage, and initial charge voltage should be calculated and determined according to the type of battery and the terminal voltage requirements of communication equipment. The voltage requirements for various batteries shall comply with the relevant provisions in Table 5.1.3.
Table 5.1.3 Voltage requirements of various batteries (V/cell)
Note. The float charge voltage of the acid-proof lead-acid battery in the table refers to the condition that the electrolyte density is 1.215g/cm³ and the temperature is 25℃. Under the conditions of electrolyte density of 1.240g/cm³ and temperature of 20°C, the float charge voltage of acid-proof lead-acid battery is 2.20V/cell～2.25V/cell.
5.1.4 The DC basic power supply voltage for the communication station should be -48V. —The voltage variation range of 48V basic power supply, 24V DC power supply, 240V DC power supply and 336V DC power supply shall meet the requirements in Table 5.1.4.
Table 5.1.4 Variation range of power supply voltage (V)
5.1.5 When DC power supply without momentary power failure is required, battery packs should be installed.
5.1.6 The power distribution equipment of the DC power supply system should be configured according to the long-term load.
5.1.7 The DC power supply system equipped with battery packs in the four types of stations should adopt the low-voltage secondary cut-off function.
5.2 Lead-acid battery pack
5.2.1 The capacity of the battery pack should be configured according to the short-term load, and the long-term development should be considered according to the life of the battery.
5.2.2 Two sets of batteries should be set up for the DC power supply system. AC uninterruptible power supply (UPS) battery packs should be set up for each set. When the capacity is insufficient, it can be connected in parallel, and the maximum number of parallel connected battery groups should not exceed four groups.
5.2.3 The parallel connection of battery packs shall comply with the following regulations.
1 Battery packs of different manufacturers, capacities and models should not be used in parallel;
2 Battery packs of different periods should not be used in parallel.
5.2.4 The total capacity of battery packs shall be configured according to the provisions in Table 4.5.4 of this code. The total capacity of the battery pack should be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. Q——total capacity of battery pack (Ah);
K——safety factor, take 1.25;
I - load current (A);
T - discharge hours (h), see Table 4.5.4;
η—discharge capacity coefficient, see Table 5.2.4;
t——The lowest ambient temperature value of the actual battery location. If there is heating equipment in the location, it shall be considered at 15°C; if there is no heating equipment, it shall be considered at 5°C;
α——battery temperature coefficient (1/℃), when the discharge hourly rate ≥ 10, take α = 0.006; when 10 > discharge hourly rate ≥ 1, take α = 0.008; when the discharge hourly rate < 1, take α = 0.01.
Table 5.2.4 Discharge capacity coefficient (η) table of lead-acid battery
5.2.5 The total capacity of the battery packs of the AC uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system shall be calculated according to formula 5.2.4.In the formula, the calculated discharge current I of the battery pack should be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. I——calculated discharge current of battery (A);
S - rated capacity of UPS equipment (kVA);
cos——UPS equipment output power factor;
μ - the efficiency of the inverter;
U——The input voltage (V) of the inverter when the battery is discharged, and the voltage of the single battery is 1.85V.
5.3 Converter equipment
5.3.1 The capacity of rectifiers and converters should be configured according to the short-term load.
5.3.2 The number of combined power rectifier modules can be configured according to the short-term load, but the full capacity should consider the long-term load development, and the combined power supply of the mobile communication base station established separately should have the low-voltage secondary cut-off function.
5.3.3 The capacity and quantity of rectifiers should meet the following requirements.
1 For offices (stations) using high-frequency switching rectifiers, the configuration of the rectifiers should be determined according to the N+1 redundancy method. Among them, N is the main rectifier. When N is less than or equal to 10, one spare should be used; when N is greater than 10, each 10 spare 1.Except for unmanned stations, the total capacity of the main rectifier shall be determined according to the sum of the load current and the equal charging current of the battery (10h rate charging current).
2 For the station powered by new energy hybrid power supply systems such as solar cells, when the 10h rate charging current of the battery is much greater than the communication load current, the capacity of the main rectifier should be determined according to the sum of the load current and the 20h rate charging current. For stations that use AC power for on-board charging, the total capacity of the rectifier should be determined according to the sum of the load current and the 10h rate charging current of the battery.
3 When the standby generating set with electric start is used, and there is no accompanying charging rectifier, it shall be equipped with a rectifier for charging the starting battery. The power room shall be equipped with a charging rectifier for handling backward batteries.
5.3.4 When using DC-DC converter, it should be configured according to N+1 redundancy.
5.4 Solar cells
5.4.1 The solar cells in the hybrid power supply system combined with mains power should be configured according to the shared long-term load when the long-term development load is not large; when the long-term development load is large, the short-term load and consider certain development loads that need to be configured.
5.4.2 In the power system composed of solar cells and storage batteries alone, the capacity configuration of solar cells should not only bear the full load configuration according to the above principles, but also consider the needs of battery charging.
5.4.3 The calculation of the total capacity of the solar cell array in the power supply system using solar cells alone and the hybrid power supply system composed of solar cells and commercial power can be carried out according to Appendix A of this specification.
5.4.4 For a power system that uses multiple solar battery sub-arrays for voltage regulation separately, the capacity of the reserved solar battery sub-arrays shall be calculated and determined according to the sum of the load current and the supplementary charging current of the battery, and shall be operated under the best sunshine conditions. The current will not cause overcharging of the battery. The capacity of the remaining sub-arrays can be determined according to the order of investment and the sunshine curve from small to large.
6 AC does not...
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