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Load code for design of buildings and special structures in petrochemical industry
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GB 51006-2014
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 51006-2014 (GB51006-2014) | | Description (Translated English) | Load code for design of buildings and special structures in petrochemical industry | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P72 | | Classification of International Standard | 71.010 | | Word Count Estimation | 110,196 | | Date of Issue | 6/23/2014 | | Date of Implementation | 4/1/2015 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50009; GB 50011; GB 50051; GB 50069; GB 50135; GB 50153; GB 4053; SH/T 3091; SH/T 3132 | | Regulation (derived from) | Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bulletin No. 459 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard applies to petrochemical building (structure) design engineering buildings. This standard does not apply to the structural design office, residential and other public and residential buildings. | GB 51006-2014: Load code for design of buildings and special structures in petrochemical industry
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 In order to meet the needs of the structural design of petrochemical buildings (structures) and meet the requirements of safety, applicability and economical rationality, this code is formulated.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the structural design of petrochemical building (structure) engineering. This specification does not apply to the structural design of public and civil buildings such as offices and residences.
1.0.3 This code is formulated in accordance with the principles stipulated in the current national standard "Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Engineering Structures" GB 50153 and "Code for Loading of Building Structures" GB 50009.
1.0.4 The actions involved in the structural design of petrochemical buildings (structures) should include direct actions (loads) and indirect actions (such as actions caused by foundation deformation, component deformation, temperature changes of equipment and pipelines, earthquakes or explosions, etc.). This specification only makes provisions on the load and temperature changes and the effects caused by explosions.
1.0.5 The loads or functions involved in the structural design of petrochemical buildings (structures) shall not only comply with this code, but also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terminology
2.1.1 Permanent load permanent load
A load whose value does not change with time during the service of the structure, or whose change is negligible compared to the mean value, or whose change is monotonous and tends to a limit value. In the structure of petrochemical buildings (structures), there are loads in all working conditions.
2.1.2 variable load variable load
A load whose value varies with time during the service of the structure and whose variation is not negligible compared to the mean value.
2.1.3 accidental load accidental load
It does not necessarily appear within the design service life of the structure, but once it occurs, the load has a large magnitude and a short duration.
2.1.4 operating load operating load/working load
During the normal use of the structure, the medium weight of equipment and pipelines, the effect of equipment temperature, the vibration load of equipment and pipelines, and other variable loads under normal operating conditions of equipment.
2.1.5 maintenance load maintenance load
During the normal use of the structure, variable loads such as equipment core-pulling load, maintenance crane load and other equipment shutdown maintenance conditions.
2.1.6 Testing load
During the normal use of the structure, the water-filled water weight during the water-filled pressure test of the equipment and pipelines, the liquid weight during the hydraulic test, and the effect of air pressure on the structure during the air pressure test are variable loads under the water-filled pressure test conditions of the equipment.
2.1.7 representative value of a load
The load value used in the design to check the limit state, such as standard value, combined value, frequent value and quasi-permanent value.
2.1.8 design reference period design reference period
Time parameter chosen for determining representative values of variable loads.
2.1.9 nominal value
The basic representative value of the load is the characteristic value of the statistical distribution of the maximum load within the design reference period (such as mean value, mode value, median value or a quantile value).
2.1.10 combination value combination value
For variable loads, the load value that enables the exceeding probability of the combined load effect within the design reference period to be consistent with the corresponding probability when the load occurs alone; or the load value that enables the combined structure to have a uniformly specified reliability index load value.
2.1.11 frequent value
For variable loads, within the design reference period, the total time of exceeding is the specified smaller ratio or the exceeding frequency is the load value of the specified frequency.
2.1.12 quasi-permanent value
For variable loads, in the design basis period, the total time exceeded is about half of the load value in the design basis period.
2.1.13 design value of load
The product of the representative value of the load and the sub-item factor of the load.
2.1.14 load effect load effect
The response of a structure or structural members to loads, such as internal forces, deformations, and cracks.
2.1.15 load combination load combination
When designing according to the limit state, in order to ensure the reliability of the structure, the design values of various loads appearing at the same time are stipulated.
2.1.16 Fundamental combination
Combination of permanent action and variable action in limit state calculation of bearing capacity.
2.1.17 accidental combination
Combination of permanent action, variable action and one occasional action in the limit state calculation of bearing capacity.
2.1.18 standard combination characteristic/nominal combination
When calculating the limit state for normal use, the standard value or combination value is used as a combination of representative load values.
2.1.19 frequent combinations
In the calculation of the limit state in normal service, the combination of the frequent value or the quasi-permanent value of the load representative value is used for the variable load.
2.1.20 quasi-permanent combinations
In the calculation of the serviceable limit state, the combination of the quasi-permanent value and the representative value of the load is used for the variable load.
2.1.21 dynamic load dynamic load
Dynamic load is an external action that changes with time; under its action, the inertial force generated by the structure cannot be ignored compared with the static force.
2.1.22 Dynamic coefficient dynamic coefficient
For structures or components subjected to dynamic loads, the equivalent coefficient used when designing according to static force is the ratio of the maximum dynamic effect of the structure or component to the corresponding static effect.
2.2 Symbols
C--The structure or structural components meet the specified limits required for normal use;
Rd--design value of structural member resistance;
SAd - standard value of accidental load effect;
Sd--effect design value of load combination;
SEhk--the standard value of horizontal earthquake action effect;
SEvk--standard value of vertical seismic action effect;
SGE--the effect of the representative value of gravity load;
SGk - standard value of permanent load effect;
SQk - the standard value of the variable load effect;
γO--structural importance coefficient;
γG--partial coefficient of permanent load;
γEh--sub-item coefficient of horizontal earthquake action;
γEv--partial coefficient of vertical earthquake action;
γGE--sub-item coefficient of gravity load;
γL—adjustment factor for variable load considering design service life;
γQ--sub-item coefficient of variable load;
γw - sub-item coefficient of wind load;
ψc--combined value coefficient of variable load;
ψf—frequent value coefficient of variable load;
ψq--quasi-permanent value coefficient of variable load;
ψw—coefficient of combined value of wind load.
3 Load classification and load representative value
3.0.1 The loads on petrochemical structures can be divided into the following three categories.
1 Permanent load, including structural self-weight, equipment and pipeline self-weight, equipment and pipeline thermal insulation weight, earth pressure, prestress, etc.;
2 Variable loads, including operating loads, maintenance loads, and pressure test loads on the structure of equipment and pipelines in various working conditions, live loads on platforms (floors) in various working conditions, live loads on roofs, ash loads, crane loads, wind loads load, snow load, temperature effect, ice load, ground pile load, etc.;
3 Accidental loads, including explosive force, various accident loads, impact force, motor short-circuit moment, etc.
5.1.6 The snow load borne by the roof shall be calculated according to the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Loading of Building Structures" GB 50009.The influence of snow load may not be considered for the structure platform.
5.1.7 The self-weight of partition walls and operating platforms that can be flexibly arranged should be considered as variable loads. For non-fixed partition walls, 1/3 of the wall weight per extended meter can be included as the additional value of the floor live load, and the additional value should not be less than 1.0kN/m2.
5.1.8 The load of the crane should be determined according to the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Building Structure Loads" GB 50009 according to the equipment parameter data
5.1.9 The icing load of towering structures such as torches and exhaust pipe steel towers in the ice-covered area shall be calculated according to the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Towering Structures" GB 50135.
5.1.10 The design loads of steel ladders and protective railings shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Safety Requirements for Fixed Steel Ladders and Platforms" GB 4053.This load may not be considered in the overall calculation of the structure.
5.1.11 The ground production stacking load and ground transportation load shall be determined according to the actual situation.
5.2 Dust load
5.2.1 When the surrounding environment and adjacent buildings (including adjacent factories) are affected by ash accumulation, the building (structure) should be included in the ash accumulation load.
5.2.2 The dust load should be calculated according to the actual situation; when the dust removal facilities have been installed and the dust removal system is guaranteed, the standard value of the dust load of the building (structure) can be 0.5kN/m2.
5.3 Dynamic loads
5.3.1 For the dynamic equipment on the building (structure), the dynamic load of the structure shall be calculated and determined according to its dynamic load parameters and in accordance with special regulations.
5.3.2 The dynamic load of commonly used power equipment can be equivalent to the static load after multiplying the weight of the equipment by the value of dynamic coefficient μ, and the value of dynamic coefficient μ can be taken according to the provisions in Appendix A of this code.
5.3.3 The vertical equivalent load of the fan and motor of the air cooler can be determined according to the requirements of Section 5.4 of this code, and the vibration load caused by catalyst fluctuations can be determined according to the requirements of Section 7.3 of this code.
5.3.4 When carrying, loading and unloading heavy objects, as well as when starting and braking vehicles, only the floor and beams can be considered for their dynamic effects, and the dynamic coefficient can be 1.1 to 1.3.
5.3.5 When calculating the strength of pipe frame members (except foundation) supporting vibrating pipelines and their connections, their dynamic loads shall be determined according to the following provisions.
1 The vertical load of all vibrating pipelines should be multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, and the horizontal thrust of the pipeline should be calculated based on this;
2 For rigid movable pipe racks and fixed pipe racks, the dynamic coefficient should be 1.3;
3 For the fixed pipe frame, the dynamic coefficient of the rebound force of the pipe compensator should be 1.3;
4 When the piping professional provides the load value according to the accident state, the load should not be multiplied by the dynamic coefficient;
5 For vibrating pipelines without vibration limiting facilities, the dynamic load shall be determined according to the actual situation.
5.3.6 The vertical load and horizontal thrust of the spanning pipe frame, the adjacent first low pipe frame, and the adjacent high and low span pipe frames shall be multiplied by an increase factor of 1.5.
5.4 Equivalent load of air cooler fan and motor
5.4.1 The standard value of vertical equivalent load of each fan and motor can be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. Fvk--the vertical equivalent load standard value of each fan and motor (kN);
Ka - vertical dynamic coefficient, should take 1.5;
Gk--Standard value of gravity load of fan and motor (kN).
5.4.2 The standard value of horizontal equivalent load of fan and motor can be calculated according to the following method.
1 When there is one air cooler, the standard value of the horizontal equivalent load can be calculated as follows.
In the formula. FdK--the horizontal equivalent load standard value of the air cooler fan and motor (kN);
Khd--horizontal dynamic coefficient, should be 0.3.
2 When there are two air coolers, the standard value of the horizontal equivalent load can be calculated as follows.
In the formula. Fdk1, Fdk2--the horizontal equivalent load standard value (kN) of each air cooler fan and motor.
3 When there are more than two air coolers, the standard value of the horizontal equivalent load can be calculated according to the following formula, and should not be less than the standard value of the maximum two horizontal equivalent loads calculated according to formula 5.4.2-2.
In the formula. Fdkn--the horizontal equivalent load standard value (kN) of the fan and motor of the nth air cooler.
5.5 Core-pulling load of cold-swap equipment
5.5.1 Under maintenance conditions, the standard value of the core-pulling load acting on the central elevation of the cooling equipment should be calculated according to formula 5.5.1.When there is engineering experience or special core-pulling equipment, the core-pulling load can be determined according to the actual situation; when a fixed tube-sheet heat exchanger is used, the core-pulling load may not be considered.
In the formula. Fbk--standard value of core-pulling load;
Gbk--The standard value of the self-weight of the tube bundle of the cooling equipment.
5.5.2 For overlapping cooling equipment, only the core-pulling load of the most unfavorable equipment can be considered; when there are multiple cooling equipment on the same platform, only the core-pulling load of the most unfavorable equipment can be considered load.
5.6 Temperature effect
5.6.1 Buildings (structures) shall not only consider the influence of ambient temperature on the structure, but also consider the influence of medium temperature on the structure.
5.6.2 The temperature effects caused by ambient temperature and solar radiation should be calculated according to the relevant provisions of the current national standards "Code for Loading of Building Structures" GB 50009 and "Code for Design of Chimneys" GB 50051.
5.6.3 When calculating the load under normal operating conditions, the expansion and contraction of equipment, pipelines, etc. during the production process and the effect of structural components on the structure due to the temperature change of the medium in the equipment should be considered, and the expansion force (or friction force) of equipment and pipelines should be included.), the elastic force of the pipeline compensator, the thrust of the inclined pipe, etc., act on the equipment and the pipe support (pipe frame, spring hanger, retaining pier and skirt seat) on the horizontal and vertical loads (the pipe frame is called horizontal thrust).
5.6.4 Under normal operating conditions, the standard value of the friction force caused by the temperature change of the medium in the equipment on the supporting surface of the equipment shall be calculated according to formula 5.6.4; when the temperature of the medium in the equipment is less than 80°C, the temperature change of the medium may not be considered the effect of friction.
In the formula. Ftk--the standard value of the friction force on the top surface of the equipment support (kN);
μ--the friction coefficient between the equipment support base plate and the support surface; sliding friction coefficient. when the support surface is concrete, it should be 0.45, when the support surface is steel plate, it should be 0.3, when the support surface is stainless steel plate, it should be 0.15, and the support surface is 0.1 should be taken for polytetrafluoroethylene plate; 0.1 should be taken for rolling friction coefficient;
GB k--under normal operating conditions, the standard value of the vertical load acting on the equipment support (kN).
5.6.5 The horizontal thrust of the fixed pipe support shall include the elastic force of the pipe compensator and the reaction force of the movable pipe support.
5.6.6 If the pipes supported by movable pipe frame members meet one of the following conditions, the horizontal thrust can be ignored.
1 The temperature of the conveying medium does not exceed 40°C;
2 There are at least 10 pipes, and the maximum temperature (including the sweeping temperature) is lower than 130°C;
3 The ratio of the weight of main heat pipes to the weight of all pipes is less than 0.15.
Note. The main heat pipe refers to a heat pipe that produces the most unfavorable horizontal thrust to the component when calculating a certain component.
5.6.7 Under normal operating conditions, the horizontal thrust of the movable pipe rack should take the friction force generated when the pipeline expands, and the standard value of the horizontal thrust of the pipe rack generated by the friction force should be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. Fgk is the standard value of the horizontal thrust of the pipe frame;
kj--containment coefficient, it should be calculated according to the provisions of Article 5.6.9 and Article 5.6.10 of this code;
Gk--under normal operating conditions, the standard value of the vertical load of the pipeline that the member bears.
5.6.8 When the equivalent horizontal thrust Fuk of the flexible pipe frame is less than Fgk, the horizontal thrust of the pipe frame can be taken as the equivalent horizontal thrust, and the standard value of the equivalent horizontal thrust of the pipe frame should be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. Fuk-standard value of equivalent horizontal thrust of a pipe support;
Bs - pipe frame longitudinal anti-sway stiffness;
△--The expansion of the main heat pipe;
H - the height of the pipe rack.
5.6.9 When calculating the pinning coefficient kj, the ratio a of the weight of the main heat pipe to the weight of all pipes shall be calculated according to the following principles.
1 When calculating the beam, the weight of all pipes on the beam on this floor shall be considered, and one main heat pipe shall be selected to calculate the value of a;
2 When calculating columns and foundations, the weight of all pipes on the entire pipe rack should be considered, and a main heat pipe that plays a controlling role should be selected from the main heat pipes of each layer to calculate the value of a, and the horizontal thrust of the pipe rack should act on the main heat pipes layer.
Note. 1 When calculating columns and foundations, when the distance between the main heat pipe layer and the adjacent layer is relatively large, the containment effect of adjacent layer pipes on the main heat pipe layer pipes is reduced, and the containment coefficient should be increased at this time;
2 When calculating columns and foundations, when there are relatively large pipes on the top floor and the distance between them and the pipes on the lower floor is relatively large, it can be divided into upper and lower parts, and the horizontal thrust can be calculated separately.
5.6.10 The diversion coefficient kj should be selected according to the following principles.
1 When the number n of pipes is less than 3, the containment coefficient kj should be 1.0;
2 When the number n of pipes is equal to 3, the value of the containment coefficient kj shall meet the following requirements.
1) When a is less than 0.5, the pinning coefficient kj should be 0.5;
2) When a is greater than 0.7, the pinning coefficient kj should be 1.0;
3) Interpolation is applied when a is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.7.
3 When the number n of pipelines is not less than 4, the value of the containment coefficient kj shall meet the following requirements.
1) When a is not greater than 0.6, the pinning coefficient kj should be calculated according to the following formula.
2) When a is not less than 0.8, the pinning coefficient kj should be 1.0;
3) Apply interpolation when a is greater than 0.6 and less than 0.8;
4) The pinning coefficient kj should not be less than 0.2.
6 Building loads
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 The permanent load acting on the building shall include the self-weight of the building structure and the weight of permanent accessories, the self-weight of equipment and pipelines supported on the structure, and the weight of ladders, platforms and suspended objects supported on the structure, equipment or pipelines. Weight, the weight of cables and bridges, the weight of anti-corrosion, heat preservation and fireproof materials for structures, equipment and pipelines.
6.1.2 Variable loads acting on buildings shall include floor live loads, roof live loads, dust loads, wind loads, snow loads, dynamic loads, crane loads, equipment supported on structures and pipelines during normal production. The weight of the material in the case and the medium load in the water-filled test, etc.; the temperature effect on the structure can be considered as a variable load. Accidental loads acting on buildings should include explosion loads, etc.
6.1.3 When calculating the wind load borne by petrochemical building structures, the basic wind pressure value, shape coefficient, wind pressure altitude variation coefficient, and wind vibration coefficient at height z shall be according to the current national standard "Code for Building Structure Loads" according to the structure type. "The relevant provisions of GB 50009 are adopted.
6.1.4 For buildings requiring anti-blast design, the shock wave parameters of the explosion should be determined by the explosion safety assessment.
6.1.5 The standard value of accidental load can be adopted according to the current national standard "Code for Loading of Building Structures" GB 50009.
6.2 Uniformly distributed live load on the floor
6.2.1 Under normal operation and water-filled pressure test conditions, the standard value of the uniform live load on the floor of the building (including the platform in the building) shall meet the following requirements.
1 Storage buildings such as warehouses should be determined according to the actual situation, but should not be less than 5.0kN/m2;
2 The analysis laboratory should be determined according to the actual situation, but should not be less than 3.0kN/m2;
3 Stairs and rest platforms of production workshops should not be less than 3.5kN/m2;
4 The floor live load of other buildings should be determined according to the actual situation, but should not be less than 2.0kN/m2.
6.2.2 Under the condition of shutting down for maintenance, the standard value of the uniform live load on the floor or platform of the equipment area in the building shall be determined according to the actual situation, and its value shall meet the following requirements.
1 The main control room can use 4.0kN/m2, and the main cabinet room can use 5.0kN/m2;
2 For low-voltage power distribution room, 6.0kN/m2 can be used; for high-voltage power distribution room, 8.0kN/m2 can be used;
3 10.0kN/m2 should be used for the maintenance area of compressor, main fan, filter workshop and power station; 4.0kN/m2 should be used for other areas;
4 The belt trestle should adopt 2.5kN/m2;
5 For workshops with small equipment (equipment weighing less than.200kN), it is advisable to take 4.0kN/m2;
6 There are reactors, pull...
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