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Uniform technical code for wall materials used in buildings
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GB 50574-2010
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 50574-2010 (GB50574-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Uniform technical code for wall materials used in buildings | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P32 | | Classification of International Standard | 91.060.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 71,785 | | Date of Issue | 2010-08-18 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-06-01 | | Quoted Standard | GBJ 129; GBJ 146; GB 50068; GB 50176; GB 50300; GB/T 1596; GB/T 2542; GB/T 4111; GB 6566; GB/T 7019; GB 8076; GB/T 10801.1; GB/T 10801.2; GB/T 11969; GB 15762; GB/T 17431.1; GB/T 17671; GB/T 19631; GB/T 23451; JGJ 28; JGJ 51; JGJ 55; JGJ/T 70; JGJ 101; JG 149; JC/T 409; JC/T 621; JC/T 622; JC 860; JC 861; JC 890 | | Regulation (derived from) | Bulletin of the Ministry of Housing and Urban No. 733 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard applies to the construction of the wall material applications. | GB 50574-2010: Uniform technical code for wall materials used in buildings---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 In order to unify the basic requirements for engineering application of various wall materials and the corresponding design principles and methods, ensure the quality of wall engineering, achieve advanced technology, safety and applicability, and economical rationality, this specification is formulated.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to construction engineering application of wall materials.
1.0.3 The engineering application of wall materials shall not only comply with this code, but also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terminology
2.1.1 load bearing wall
A wall that undertakes various functions and can double as an enclosure.
2.1.2 self-supporting wall non load bearing wall
A wall that bears its own weight and can also serve as an enclosure.
2.1.3 block material masonry unit
Solid (hollow) or porous regular hexahedron blocks made by sintering or non-sintering production process.
2.1.4 wallboard
It is used for all kinds of exterior walls of enclosure structures and various partition panels for separating interior spaces.
2.1.5 ready-mixed mortar ready-mixed mortar
It is a wet-mixed mortar or dry-mixed mortar produced by a professional factory by mixing cementitious materials, fine aggregates, mineral admixtures and admixtures in a certain proportion.
2.1.6 special mortar for masonry
Mortar used to increase the masonry strength of certain block materials and improve the quality of masonry.
2.1.7 Hole-filled concrete grout
It is used for pouring concrete small hollow block masonry core columns or other concrete that needs to be filled in holes.
2.1.8 bending strength
Arithmetic mean value of flexural strength of bulk material determined by standard test method.
2.1.9 ratio of bending-compressive strength
The ratio of the flexural strength of a bulk material to its compressive strength class.
2.1.10 thin layer mortar
The thickness of masonry mortar joints is not greater than 5mm.
2.1.11 heat transfer coefficient heat transfer coefficient
Maintains the heat transfer through a unit area of a structure per unit time.
2.1.12 Average heat transfer coefficient average of heat transfer coefficient
The average value of the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall after considering the influence of beams, columns (core columns), etc.
2.1.13 Heat mass coefficient of material
When one side of the material layer is subjected to harmonic heat, the ratio of the amplitude of the heat flow through the surface to the amplitude of the surface temperature.
2.1.14 index of thermal inertia
A dimensionless index that characterizes the resistance of an envelope to temperature fluctuations and heat flow fluctuations.
2.1.15 Dew point temperature dew point temperature
Under a certain air pressure, gradually reduce the temperature of the air. When the water vapor contained in the air reaches a saturated state and begins to condense to form water droplets, the temperature is the dew point temperature of the air under air pressure.
2.1.16 control joint
It is set at the place where the stress of the wall is relatively concentrated or consistent with the vertical mortar joint of the wall. It is a structural joint that allows the wall to deform freely and has sufficient resistance to external forces.
2.1.17 Belly wall of window
The wall section from the window sill of the external wall to the floor (or indoor ground).
2.1.18 waterproof permeability waterproof permeability
Strengthen the airtightness and watertightness of the building, and at the same time allow the enclosure structure and indoor moisture to be discharged.
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Material and wall performance
MU—block strength grade;
A——Autoclaved aerated concrete block strength grade;
M——mortar strength grade;
Ma - strength grade of special masonry mortar for autoclaved aerated concrete blocks;
Mb——Special masonry mortar strength grade for concrete small hollow blocks;
Ms——strength grade of masonry mortar specially used for autoclaved bricks;
Cb——The strength grade of concrete small hollow block concrete.
3 Wall materials
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 The raw materials and mix proportions used for non-sintered wall materials should comply with the current national standards "Technical Regulations for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete" JGJ 51, "Design Regulations for Ordinary Concrete Mixing Ratio" JGJ 55, "Technical Specifications for Application of Fly Ash Concrete" GB J 146, "Technical Regulations for the Application of Fly Ash in Concrete and Mortar" JGJ 28, "Light Aggregate and Its Test Methods Part 1.Light Aggregate" GB/T 17431.1, "Fly Ash for Silicate Building Products" Relevant provisions of JC/T 409, "Quicklime for Silicate Building Products" JC/T 621 and "Sand for Silicate Building Products" JC/T 622.
3.1.2 When building autoclaved bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, small concrete hollow blocks, and gypsum block walls, special masonry mortar should be used.
3.1.3 The service life of the wall materials made of organic materials shall be marked in the product manual.
3.1.4 Walls should not use non-autoclaved silicate bricks (blocks) and non-autoclaved aerated concrete products
3.1.5 When using magnesium oxychloride wall material products, moisture absorption and halogen return, warping deformation and water resistance tests should be carried out, and it should be used in projects after the test indicators meet the use requirements.
3.2 Bulk materials
3.2.1 In addition to conforming to the building modulus requirements, the external dimensions of block materials shall also meet the following requirements.
1 The porosity, wall and rib thickness of non-sintered blocks with pores shall meet the requirements of Table 3.2.1; (
2 The porosity of load-bearing sintered porous bricks should not be greater than 35%;
3 The pass pattern of the small concrete hollow block with single row of holes should ensure that the holes of the upper and lower skin blocks are opposite to the holes when it is built; the pass pattern of porous bricks and small self-supporting single row of holes should be semi-blind holes;
Table 3.2.1 Requirements for porosity, wall and rib thickness of non-sintered blocks with pores
Note. 1 The holes of the concrete porous bricks of the load-bearing wall should be perpendicular to the grouting surface. When the ratio of the length to width of the hole is not less than 2, the thickness of the outer wall should not be less than 18mm; when the ratio of the length to width of the hole is less than 2, the thickness of the wall should not be less than 15mm.
2 For load-bearing blocks with holes, holes shall not be set in the middle of the length direction, and the thickness of the middle ribs should not be less than 20mm.
4 For the block material of the thin mortar joint masonry structure, the error of the geometric dimension of the block shape appearance shall not exceed ±1.0mm;
5 The length dimension of the autoclaved aerated concrete block should be a negative error, and its value should not be greater than 5.0mm;
6 Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks should not have uncut surfaces, and their cut surfaces should not have cutting attachment chips; (
7 There should be knots between the two limbs of the sandwich composite block.
3.2.2 The strength grade of block materials shall meet the following requirements.
1 In addition to the compressive strength grade, the product standard should also give the limit value of its coefficient of variation;
2 The folding ratio of load-bearing bricks should not be less than the requirements in Table 3.2.2-1;
Table 3.2.2-1 The folding ratio of load-bearing bricks
Note. 1 Autoclaved ordinary bricks include autoclaved lime-sand solid bricks and autoclaved fly ash solid bricks;
2 Porous bricks include sintered porous bricks and concrete porous bricks.
3 The split pressure ratio of autoclaved aerated concrete should not be less than the requirements in Table 3.2.2-2;
Table 3.2.2-2 Split pressure ratio of autoclaved air-entrained concrete
Note. The splitting ratio of autoclaved aerated concrete is the ratio of the average splitting strength of the specimen to its compressive strength grade.
4 The minimum strength grade of block materials shall comply with the requirements in Table 3.2.2-3;
Table 3.2.2-3 Minimum Strength Grades of Block Materials
Note. 1 Solid bricks or perforated bricks (hollow blocks) with pre-filled holes should be used below the moisture-proof layer;
2 Horizontal hole block materials shall not be used for load-bearing masonry
3.2.3 The physical properties of bulk materials should meet the following requirements.
1 The material standard should give the limit value of water absorption and drying shrinkage;
2 The carbonization coefficient should not be less than 0.85;
3 The softening coefficient should not be less than 0.85;
4 The antifreeze performance shall meet the requirements in Table 3.2.3;
Table 3.2.3 Block material frost resistance performance
Note. F15, F25, F35, and F50 refer to 15, 25, 35, and 50 freeze-thaw cycles, respectively.
5 The coefficient of linear expansion should not be greater than 1.0×10-5/℃.
3.3 Plates
3.3.1 The surface flatness of the cladding slabs of various skeleton partition walls shall not be greater than 1.0mm.
3.3.2 The surface flatness of prefabricated partition panels should not exceed 2.0mm, and the thickness deviation should not exceed ±1.0mm.
3.3.3 The metal anchors for installing various prefabricated partition panels shall be treated with anti-corrosion treatment.
3.3.4 The breaking load (flexural strength) of the cladding slab of the skeleton partition wall shall be increased by 20% on the basis of the current relevant national standards.
3.3.5 The mechanical properties of prefabricated partition panels shall meet the following requirements.
1 The maximum transverse deflection of the wall panel bending should be less than the allowable deflection, and the surface of the panel should not be cracked; the allowable deflection should be 1/250 of the distance between the supports of the bending specimen;
2 The impact resistance times of the wallboard shall not be less than 5 times;
3 The single-point hanging force of the wall panel shall not be less than 1000N.
3.3.6 The physical properties of prefabricated partition wall panels shall meet the following requirements.
1 Wall panels should meet the corresponding building thermal, sound insulation and fire protection requirements;
2 The mass moisture content of the panel should not be greater than 10% during installation.
3.3.7 The structural design of prefabricated exterior wall panels shall be designed for the wind resistance of a single panel, the connection structure between the wall panel and the main structure, and the durability of the components.
3.4 Mortar, perforated concrete
3.4.1 When designing walls with frost resistance requirements, the mortar should be subjected to freeze-thaw tests, and its frost resistance performance should be the same as that of wall blocks
3.4.2 Special masonry mortar and ready-mixed plastering mortar shall have the requirements for compressive strength, flexural strength, bond strength, shrinkage rate, carbonation coefficient, softening coefficient, etc.
3.4.3 Material standards and application technical standards should be compiled for special masonry mortar.
3.4.4 Masonry mortar shall meet the following requirements.
1 The strength grade of ordinary brick masonry mortar should not be lower than M5.0, and the strength grade of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry mortar should not be lower than Ma5.0.The strength grade of concrete block (brick) masonry mortar should not be lower than Mb5.0, and the strength grade of autoclaved ordinary brick masonry mortar should not be lower than Ms5.0;
2 Under the indoor floor and in humid environments, cement mortar, ready-mixed mortar or special masonry mortar should be used. The strength grade of ordinary brick masonry mortar should not be lower than M10.The strength grade of concrete block (brick) masonry mortar should not It should be lower than Mb10, and autoclaved ordinary brick masonry mortar should not be lower than Ms10;
3 For masonry mortar mixed with air-entraining agent, the air-entraining amount should not exceed 20%;
4 The minimum amount of cement used in cement mortar should not be less than.200kg/m3;
5 The density of cement mortar should not be less than 1900kg/m3, and the density of cement mortar should not be less than 1800kg/m3.
3.4.5 Plastering mortar shall meet the following requirements.
1 Relevant application standards shall give the grade of compressive strength of the plastering mortar, the minimum limit of the bond strength and the index of shrinkage;
2 The strength grade of plastering mortar for interior walls shall not be less than M5.0, and the bonding strength shall not be less than 0.15MPa;
3 Anti-cracking mortar should be used for the plastering mortar of the external wall; the strength grade of the mortar in the heating area should not be less than M10, and the mortar strength grade in the non-heating area should not be less than M7.5; the strength grade of the autoclaved aerated concrete mortar should be Ma5.0;
4 Waterproof cement mortar or ready-mixed waterproof mortar should be used in the basement and humid environment;
5 Thin-layer plastering mortar should be used for the wall.
3.4.6 The hole-filled concrete shall meet the following requirements.
1 The strength grade should not be less than 1.5 times the strength grade of the block;
2 For walls with frost resistance requirements, freeze-thaw tests shall be carried out for the perforated concrete according to the service conditions and design requirements;
3 The slump should not be less than 180mm, the bleeding rate should not be greater than 3.0%, the expansion rate at 3d age should not be less than 0.025%, and should not be greater than 0.50%, and should have good cohesiveness.
3.5 Insulation, connection and other materials
3.5.1 Wall insulation materials shall meet the following requirements.
1 Slurry thermal insulation materials should not be used alone for internal and external thermal insulation of building exterior walls other than aerated concrete walls in severe cold and cold regions;
2 The dry density of thermal insulation materials inside and outside the wall shall meet the requirements in Table 3.5.1;
Table 3.5.1 Dry Density of Internal and External Thermal Insulation Materials in Walls
3 Molded polystyrene boards and extruded polystyrene boards mixed with inorganic admixtures are not allowed;
4 When the relative deformation is 10%, the compression strength of molded polystyrene board and extruded polystyrene board shall not be less than 0.10MPa and 0.20MPa respectively; the compressive strength of extruded polystyrene board for external wall insulation shall not be less than 0.20MPa;
5 The compressive strength of rubber powder molded polystyrene board particle insulation slurry should not be less than 0.20MPa, the compressive strength of inorganic insulation mortar should not be less than 0.40MPa, and the slurry curing should not be less than 28d;
6 The thermal conductivity of the wall insulation material shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Thermal Engineering Design of Civil Buildings" GB 50176;
7 The oxygen index and dimensional stability of polystyrene panels before leaving the factory should meet the current national standards "Molded polystyrene foam for heat insulation" GB/T 10801.1 and "Extruded polystyrene foam for heat insulation" GB/T 10801.2 the relevant regulations;
8 The thermal insulation material entering the site shall have a permanent mark, and shall indicate the product type, specification and model, and the product manual shall indicate the product's combustion performance level and service life.
3.5.2 The connecting material shall meet the following requirements.
1 The metal connecting parts shall be treated with anti-corrosion treatment or stainless steel connecting parts shall be used;
2 The connecting parts should meet the technical performance index requirements of JG 149, the current industry standard "Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Wall External Thermal Insulation System". The product specification should indicate the service life of the material, and recycled material products are not allowed.
3.5.3 Other materials shall meet the following requirements.
1 The product instructions for caulking putty, silicone sealant and waterproof material should have weather resistance index;
2 The glass fiber mesh cloth should have alkali resistance;
3 The finishing paint used for the external thermal insulation wall should be waterproof and breathable.
4 Architecture and building energy-saving design
4.1 Architectural Design
4.1.1 Architectural design should select materials with reliable quality, mature technology and reasonable economy according to the type and quality of local wall materials, and there should be corresponding application technologies.
4.1.2 Block walls shall be designed in cooperation with other disciplines.
4.1.3 Strengthening measures should be taken for parts of the wall that are vulnerable to collision, such as the outer wall of the bottom layer of external insulation, sun corners, door and window openings.
4.1.4 Anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures shall be taken for the openings of external walls and the walls of rooms with waterproof requirements.
4.1.5 When pasting facing bricks on thermal insulation materials, there should be material requirements, structural measures, construction methods and drawing test basis for facing tiles and base.
4.1.6 The outer leaf wall of the sandwich thermal insulation composite wall shall not directly hang heavy objects and support cantilevered components.
4.1.7 The nuclide limit of the wall materials used shall not exceed the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Radionuclide Limits of Building Materials" GB 6566.
4.1.8 Building design shall not use plant fiber wall materials that contain asbestos fibers and have not been treated for anti-corrosion and anti-insect.
4.1.9 The design of the wall shall be designed with corresponding fire protection, sound insulation and waterproof design according to the material properties and structural characteristics.
4.2 Building energy-saving design
4.2.1 The wall energy-saving design shall meet the local energy-saving building design requirements.
4.2.2 The exterior walls of buildings can adopt exterior insulation composite walls, interior insulation composite walls, sandwich insulation composite walls or single-material insulation wall systems according to different climate zones, wall materials and construction conditions.
4.2.3 Prototype system tests should be carried out for new energy-saving and thermal insulation walls.
4.2.4 The architectural design documents shall indicate the design service life of the thermal insulation materials in the external thermal insulation system.
4.2.5 The technical documents for the design of thermal insulation composite walls shall indicate the maintenance during the service period of the thermal insulation system and the replacement measures after reaching the design service life.
4.2.6 The design of external thermal insulation composite walls shall meet the following requirements.
1 The facing layer should be made of waterproof and breathable materials or treated with breathable structure;
2 The design thickness of the insulation layer of the slurry material shall not be greater than 50mm;
3 The external thermal insulation system shall be subject to weather resistance tests according to the requirements of different climate zones;
4 The internal surface temperature of the external wall shall not be lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air.
4.2.7 The design of internal thermal insulation composite walls shall meet the following requirements.
1 The insulation material should be non-polluting, non-combustible, flame-retardant and does not produce harmful gases after burning;
2 The external wall should be made of materials with low vapor permeability resistance or equipped with a moisture-discharging structure, and the exterior finish coating should be waterproof and breathable;
3 The thermal insulation material should be used as a protective surface layer. When heavy objects need to be hung on the wall, the embedded parts of the pendant should be fixed in the base wall;
4 When the internal surface temperature check calculation of thermal bridge parts such as beams and columns is not satisfied, thermal insulation measures shall be taken for the thermal bridge parts where the internal surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air.
4.2.8 The design of sandwich insulation composite wall shall meet the following requirements.
1 The insulation material of the sandwich wall should be selected according to different climate zones, material supply and construction conditions, and its structure and thickness should be determined;
2 The sandwich insulation material should be low water absorption material;
3 The outer leaf wall and facing should be waterproof and breathable;
4 In cold and severe cold regions, an air space layer should be set between the insulation layer and the outer leaf wall, and the distance should be 20mm, and moisture-removing structural measures should be taken at the floor;
5 For the sandwich walls of multi-storey and high-rise buildings, the outer leaf walls shall be supported by each floor slab, and external insulation measures shall be taken for the exposed supporting members.
4.2.9 The design of single-material thermal insulation walls shall meet the following requirements.
1 The design of the wall shall meet the requirements of structural functions;
2.Waterproof and breathable materials should be used for exterior wall finishes;
3 Insulation treatment should be carried out on thermal bridge parts such as beams and columns.
5 Structural Design
5.1 Design principles
5.1.1 The design of masonry structures shall adopt the limit state design method based on probability theory, measure the reliability of structural components with reliability indicators, and design with the design expressions of sub-item coefficients.
5.1.2 The safety level of the structure shall be classified according to the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures" GB 50068.
5.1.3 The masonry structure shall be designed according to the limit state of bearing capacity, and shall meet the requirements of the limit state of normal service and durability.
5.1.4 In the design of masonry structures, the effect analysis of the wall structure in the use stage and construction stage shall be carried out respectively, and the most unfavorable combination shall be determined.
5.1.5 The design service life of masonry structures shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures" GB 50068.
5.2 Structural system and analysis method
5.2.1 The masonry structure should adopt a horizontal wall or a mixed load-bearing system of vertical and horizontal walls. The layout of the horizontal walls should be uniform and symmetrical in the plane, and they should be aligned along the plane.
5.2.2 The calculation model, function value, material performance index, geometric parameters, etc. required for structural analysis shall conform to the actual situation of the structure, and shall have corresponding construction measures.
5.2.3 The basic assumptions and necessary simplified calculations adopted in the structural analysis shall have reliable theory and sufficient experimental research basis.
5.2.4 The computer calculation results shall be used in engineering design after analysis and judgment to confirm that they are reasonable and effective.
5.2.5 The structural static analysis method shall meet the following requirements.
1 The static calculation scheme and calculation diagram of the masonry building shall be determined according to the horizontal (longitudinal) wall spacing of the building and the type of floor (roof) cover;
2 Rigid schemes should be adopted for various types of masonry buildings.
5.2.6 The seismic calculation method of structures shall meet the following requirements.
1 The bottom shear method should be adopted for multi-storey masonry structure buildings;
2 For high-rise masonry structure buildings, mode decomposition response spectrum method, time-history analysis method or static nonlinear analysis method should be adopted.
5.3 Masonry Calculation Indicators
5.3.1 The physical and mechanical performance indicators of masonry shall meet the following requirements.
1 The calculation indicators of masonry shall be determined according to the research test requirements of this code and the mathematical statistics method;
2 The guarantee rate of the standard value of masonry strength shall not be less than 95%;
3 The design value of masonry strength shall be calculated and determined by dividing the strength standard value by the sub-item coefficient of the material. When the construction grade is Class B, the sub-item coefficient of the material shall not be less than 1.6; 1.5;
4 When there are unfavorable conditions such as the calculated cross-sectional area of masonry components is too small, and the single-row hole concrete small hollow block masonry is not masonry with opposite holes, the design value of masonry strength should be reduced according to the test results;
5 The elastic modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, linear expansion coefficient, drying shrinkage rate, creep coefficient, friction coefficient and masonry weight of masonry shall be determined according to experimental research.
5.3.2 When checking and calculating masonry components in the construction stage, the design value of masonry strength can be increased by 10%.
5.4 Basic points of static design of components
5.4.1 The technical standards for the application of block materials shall provide the calculation method of the corresponding bearing capacity of the components and the corresponding structural requirements according to the different effects and the inherent characteristics of the block materials.
5.4.2 The sandwich insulation composite wall should be designed for wind resistance
5.4.3 The exterior wall panels shall be designed for wind resistance and connection, and the panels and the main structure shall be flexibly connected
5.5 Basic points of structural seismic design
5.5.1 The seismic design of masonry structures shall meet the following requirements.
1 The number of floors, total height of multi-storey masonry buildings, storey height of load-bearing buildings, maximum ratio of total height to total width, minimum seismic wall thickness, seismic wall spacing and local size limits;
2 The calculation method of the bearing capacity of the wall and the corresponding construction measures shall be determined according to the seismic performance of the masonry;
3 According to the inherent characteristics of block materials, corresponding structural measures shall be taken to improve the ductility and integrity of the structure;
4 The perforated bricks with square (sharp) corner holes are not suitable for the lateral force-resisting walls of masonry structures in earthquake fortified areas.
5.5.2 The safety level of the design of the bearing capacity of the connection between the exterior wall panel and the main structure should be raised by one level
5.5.3 The wall panel shall maintain its overall stability and the reliability of connection with the main structure under rare earthquake action.
5.6 Limit state of normal service and durability
5.6.1 In addition to designing the load-bearing wall structure system according to the limit state of bearing capacity, corresponding structural measures shall be taken to meet its normal service limit state and durability such as deformation and cracks.
5.6.2 The technical standards for the application of block materials shall provide the calculation method for the height-thickness ratio of masonry and the allowable height-thickness ratio.
5.6.3 In addition to meeting the minimum material strength grade requirements of this code, the wall design should also meet the following requirements.
1 Non-sintered wall materials shall not be used in building parts subject to long-term exposure above.200°C or rapid heat and cooling, and shall not be used in building parts with acidic medium;
2 The wall whose softening coefficient is less than 0.9...
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