GB 50439: Evolution and historical versions
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Code for design of steelmaking engineering
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GB 50439-2015
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Code for design of steelmaking technology
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GB 50439-2008
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 50439-2015 (GB50439-2015) | | Description (Translated English) | Code for design of steelmaking engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P73 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.010 | | Word Count Estimation | 110,120 | | Date of Issue | 2015-04-08 | | Date of Implementation | 2015-12-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 50439-2008 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50007; GB 50009; GB 50011; GB 50012; GB 50115; GB 50016; GB 50019; GB 50029; GB 50034; GB 50046; GB 50050; GB 50052; GB 50053; GB 50054; GB 50057; GB 50058; GB 50059; GB 50065; GB 50068; GB 50116; GB 50187; GB 50191; GB 50217; GB 50227; GB 50235; GB 50243; GB 50316; GB 50405 | | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Announcement No.800 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard applies to new construction and renovation of the converter, electric furnace as the main smelting equipment, steel-making engineering design. | GB 50439-2015: Code for design of steelmaking engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This specification is formulated in order to make the design of steelmaking projects conform to the provisions of various standards of current national and industry technical policies, improve the quality of engineering design, and achieve advanced technology, reasonable economy, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and reliability.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design of new and reconstructed steelmaking projects with converters and electric furnaces as the main smelting equipment.
1.0.3 The design of steelmaking projects should implement the national iron and steel industry development policy, adhere to the principles of clean production and circular economy, improve the level of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, save energy and reduce consumption, and should actively Adopt mature and reliable new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment to improve the level of design technology and reduce project cost and operating cost.
1.0.4 In addition to conforming to this specification, the design of steelmaking engineering shall conform to the provisions of relevant current national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 Consteel electric arc furnace
An ultra-high-power or high-power electric furnace that continuously feeds scrap steel preheated by high-temperature exhaust gas into the electric furnace.
2.0.2 VD vacuum degassing
A vacuum degassing device for molten steel, which places the ladle with molten steel in a closed vacuum tank connected with a vacuum pump, and argon gas is introduced from the bottom of the ladle to stir the molten steel, so that the molten steel undergoes a degassing reaction in a vacuum state.
2.0.3 VOD vacuum oxygen decarburization
A vacuum oxygen blowing decarburization refining device mainly used for refining stainless steel. It adds a top gun to the vacuum tank cover of the VD, blows oxygen to the liquid steel surface in the vacuum tank, and "decarburizes" the molten steel containing chromium in a vacuum state. It can also be used to smelt ultra-low carbon steel.
2.0.4 CAS composition adjustment by sealed argon bubb-ling
A device that increases the temperature of molten steel by adding metal aluminum or silicon to oxidize and release heat in the ladle, and realizes adding alloys in the immersion hood to adjust the composition of molten steel under the condition of argon blowing at the bottom of the ladle to stir the molten steel.
2.0.5 CAS-OB composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling with oxygen blowing
A device for increasing the temperature of molten steel by blowing oxygen through an oxygen lance and adding metal aluminum or silicon to oxidize and release heat in the ladle, and realizing the adjustment of the composition of molten steel by adding alloys in the immersion cover under the condition of stirring the molten steel by blowing argon gas at the bottom of the ladle.
2.0.6 RH ruhrstahl-heraeus degasser
A refining method for vacuum circulation and degassing of molten steel. It uses two circulating pipes (immersion pipes) at the bottom of the vacuum chamber to insert into the molten steel in the ladle, fills the rising pipe with argon as the lifting gas, and uses the principle of the bubble pump to make the molten steel Continuously flow into the vacuum chamber from the ascending pipe, and then flow back to the ladle from the descending pipe, forming a circular flow, so that the molten steel can achieve deep degassing treatment in the vacuum chamber.
2.0.7 RH-TB ruhrstahl-heraeus degassr-top blowing
A top gun is inserted on the top of the RH vacuum chamber, and it is used to refine ultra-low carbon steel by blowing oxygen to the surface of molten steel for decarburization or powder spraying for desulfurization.
2.0.8 Ladle furnace (LF) ladle furnace
A device that blows argon from the bottom of the ladle under normal pressure and heats the molten steel with an electric arc to refine the molten steel and uniform the composition and temperature of the molten steel.
2.0.9 AOD argon oxygen decarburization
A decarburization refining furnace that blows oxygen and argon into the molten steel in different proportions on the side of the molten steel pool of the converter, mainly used for smelting stainless steel.
2.0.10 Wire feeding (WF) wire feeding or cored wire feeding
A device and method for refining molten steel by feeding metal wires or cored wires into molten steel in a ladle at a certain speed under normal pressure.
2.0.11 Two step method two step process
A basic process of stainless steel production. It mainly refers to the melting of solid raw materials such as chromium, nickel, and scrap steel by electric furnace, and the coarse decarburization of the charge, and then the "decarburization and chromium preservation" refining by AOD or VOD refining furnace to achieve the required composition.
2.0.12 three step process three step process
A process for the production of stainless steel. It mainly refers to the melting of solid raw materials such as chromium, nickel, and scrap steel by electric furnace or converter, followed by rough decarburization by re-blowing converter (or AOD furnace), and then deep decarburization by VOD refining furnace, which can produce various ultra-low carbon varieties. A stainless steel.
3 Basic Regulations
3.0.1 The setting of steelmaking plants should comprehensively consider the conditions of raw material resources, energy, water resources, transportation, environmental capacity, market distribution and utilization of external resources.
3.0.2 The selection of electric furnace steelmaking should have reliable scrap steel or direct reduced iron and other solid iron raw materials supply conditions, as well as sufficient power supply conditions.
3.0.3 Newly built and rebuilt steelmaking workshops should adopt the basic process route of the "trinity" of primary smelting furnace-external refining-continuous casting.
3.0.4 The design of the converter steelmaking workshop should adopt the basic process route of "four in one" molten iron pretreatment-top-bottom combined blowing converter-outside furnace refining-full continuous casting.
3.0.5 The design of electric furnace steelmaking workshop should adopt the basic process route of ultra-high power electric furnace-outside furnace refining-full continuous casting.
3.0.6 The converter and continuous casting machine in the newly-built converter steelmaking workshop should adopt one-to-one configuration.
3.0.7 Stainless steel smelting should adopt "two-step method" or "three-step method" process according to specific conditions.
3.0.8 A slag treatment device should be installed in newly built and reconstructed steelmaking plants.
4.2.1 The pretreatment reagent can use the following powders.
1 Desulfurization can be carried out with a mixture of lime powder and fluorite powder, or a mixture of passivated magnesium powder and lime powder, or a mixture of calcium carbide powder and lime powder, or a mixture of calcium carbide powder and fluorite powder, or passivated magnesium powder, or calcium carbide powder;
2 The mixture of lime powder, fluorite powder and iron oxide powder (iron oxide scale, ore powder, sintered ore powder, steelmaking furnace dust) can be used for dephosphorization and desiliconization.
4.2.2 Lime powder using the injection process shall undergo fluidization treatment.
4.2.3 The desulfurization agent shall not use sodium desulfurization powder such as sodium carbonate which seriously pollutes the environment.
4.2.4 When calcium carbide, carbon powder, and magnesium powder are used as desulfurizers, safety measures such as fire prevention, explosion protection, and moisture protection should be taken for their storage, transportation, and use.
4.2.5 The desulfurizer should be kept dry during storage; the passivated magnesium powder should be stored under the protection of inert gas.
4.2.6 When the passivated magnesium powder is transported to the production site in a special bag, the desulfurizer bag can be sent to the high-level storage bin by a crane. Other desulfurizers are transported to the workshop by special tank trucks, and transported to the powder silo by nitrogen gas, or pneumatically transported, and the desulfurizer is directly transported from the milling room to the powder silo through pipelines.
4.2.7 A top dust collector should be installed on the top of the powder silo.
4.3 Process equipment
4.3.1 The molten iron pretreatment station shall include molten iron ladle transportation and tipping equipment (the tipping equipment may not be used if the slag removal process is adopted), slag removal device, slag tank (pan) and its transportation facilities, powder spray gun and its lifting machinery (Or mixing head and its rotating lifting mechanism), powder storage and sending (or adding) system and temperature measurement and sampling device.
4.3.2 The hot metal charter car should be equipped with accident traction device.
4.3.3 The molten iron pretreatment station should be equipped with an automatic temperature measurement and sampling device, and the insertion depth of the probe should be 300mm-500mm below the molten iron surface.
4.3.4 The control valve of the gas circuit system of the pretreatment device shall be electric or air-opening, and shall have a valve position indicator.
4.3.5 The volume of the powder storage bin should be sufficient for more than 24 hours. When the pneumatic conveying feeding method is adopted, the storage bin should be designed according to the working pressure of not less than 2kPa, and a pressure relief device should be installed.
4.3.6 Lime powder, calcium carbide, carbon, magnesium and other powder storage bins should be protected by dry nitrogen.
4.3.7 The injection pretreatment device shall meet the following requirements.
1.Each composite injection desulfurization station shall be equipped with 2 injection tanks and 1 (or 2) powder spray guns with refractory materials. Separate spray tanks should be used for different powders.
2 Each single blowing powder desulfurization station shall be equipped with a blowing tank and a powder spraying gun with refractory material.
3 The volume of the blowing tank should meet the consumption of more than one furnace, and the maximum working pressure should be designed according to 1.0MPa. The fluidized parts at the outlet of the spray tank should adopt a detachable structure.
4 For the powder weighing of the injection method molten iron pretreatment device, the system error should be less than ±0.5%, the material weight should be displayed by the decrement method, and the powder injection speed should be displayed, and the weighing signal should be consistent with the automatic control of the injection operation. interlock.
5 The powder spray gun should be equipped with a spare gun.
4.3.8 The mechanical stirring method pretreatment device shall meet the following requirements.
1 The lifting of the mixing head should adopt double wire rope hoisting method, and should be equipped with wire rope adjustment, balance mechanism and overload and anti-loosening detectors. The mixing head should be equipped with an emergency lifting device.
2 A mixing head replacement trolley should be set up. The rotation of the stirring head should be adjusted by frequency conversion, and the rotation speed should be 15r/min~150r/min.
3 The interior of the rotating spindle and stirring head should be cooled by gas, and the surface should be sprayed with refractory castables.
4 The desulfurizer feeding pipe should be telescopic.
4.4 Process layout
4.4.1 The process layout of the molten iron pretreatment station shall ensure smooth and uninterrupted ladle transfer process, and reduce the transfer distance of ladle.
4.4.2 When using torpedo tank pretreatment, a separate molten iron pretreatment station, slag removal room and slag dumping room should be set up.
4.4.3 When ladle pretreatment is used, the molten iron pretreatment station should be located in the feeding bay of the main workshop, or in the side span adjacent to the feeding bay workshop.
4.4.4 The process layout of the molten iron pretreatment station can be selected in the following ways.
1 Injection (or stirring) treatment and slag removal are arranged at the same station;
2 Injection (or stirring) treatment and slag removal are arranged in different stations, one processing station and 2 slag removal stations, 2 hot metal charter cars and 2 slag removal machines work in turn.
4.4.5 The molten iron pretreatment device should adopt elevated layout, and the uniform load of the main working platform should be 10kN/m2.
5 Converter steelmaking
5.1 Overall Process Design
5.1.1 The design of the converter steelmaking workshop shall determine the nominal capacity of the converter, the number of converter seats and the configuration of the external refining according to the product outline.
5.1.2 The number of converter seats in the converter steelmaking workshop should be 2 or 3, not more than 4, and spare furnace seats should not be set. For workshops with more than 3 converters, the converters should be grouped and arranged separately.
5.1.3 The nominal capacity of the converter should be the average tapping amount during the furnace service period, and the maximum tapping amount should be 1.05 to 1.10 times the nominal capacity. The production of the converter should be carried out in stages.
5.1.4 The annual production capacity of the converting furnace seat of the converter shall be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. Q——the annual production of qualified molten steel per blowing furnace block (t/a);
G——The average steel output of each furnace during the working period of the converter (t/furnace);
T——the average smelting period of each furnace of steel (min/heat);
N——the annual effective operation days of the converter (d/a);
n1——Number of furnace repair days per year (d/a);
n2——Number of days for annual daily planned maintenance (d/a);
n3——the number of days for centralized maintenance of the workshop in a year (d/a);
n4—the number of days of production delay in a year (d/a).
5.1.5 The composition of the converter steelmaking workshop should meet the following requirements.
1 The main production system should include the main workshop, molten iron pretreatment station, scrap steel batching room, slag room, flue gas purification and gas recovery facilities, and waste heat steam recovery facilities;
2 The auxiliary production system should include ferroalloy storage and transportation facilities, bulk raw material storage and transportation facilities, rapid analysis room, air compressor station, workshop substation and distribution station, water treatment facilities, dust removal facilities, and living welfare facilities;
3 Design The actual composition of the workshop can be determined according to specific conditions such as production scale and raw material supply.
5.1.6 When the molten iron contains niobium, vanadium, titanium and other alloy elements that can be used, it should be recovered by reasonable smelting process.
5.1.7 For the smelting control of newly-built converters, it is advisable to adopt the dynamic closed-loop process control with sub-lance detection system and/or continuous furnace gas composition analysis system as real-time signal feedback.
5.1.8 Various technological processes and working parameters of the energy medium of the converter shall be equipped with detection instruments, and all detected parameters shall be input into the basic automatic control system. The smelting sample should use a rapid analysis system, and the data should be transmitted to the process control computer system.
5.1.9 The gas medium, fuel, cooling water and pipelines used in converter steelmaking shall meet the following requirements.
1 The supply capacity of oxygen, argon, nitrogen, steam, compressed air and fuel shall be equipped according to the working system specified in the design, and shall be calculated according to the steel consumption per ton and the hourly productivity of the converter workshop;
2 The volume of the gas storage tank should meet the peak consumption of the workshop, and at the same time be able to adapt to the fluctuation of the consumption and when the supply source stops supply due to an accident, the storage volume of the gas storage tank should at least meet the needs of one furnace of steel smelting;
3 When the workshop is built in phases, the main pipelines of various media should be built at one time according to the final scale, and the relevant public facilities can be determined according to the specific conditions, or the development area can be reserved on the general plan, and the conditions for adding units can also be reserved in the workshop.
5.1.10 The main technical and economic indicators of the new converter steelmaking workshop should be determined according to Table 5.1.10.
Table 5.1.10 Main technical and economic indicators of new converter steelmaking workshop
Note. 1 The consumption index is the consumption of qualified molten steel per ton;
2 Ferroalloy consumption is considered according to the production of ordinary carbon and low alloy steels;
3 The consumption of active lime is considered according to the pretreatment of hot metal desulfurization;
4 Oxygen consumption includes sporadic oxygen consumption in workshops;
5 Furnace lining consumption is considered according to slag splashing to protect the furnace, and the furnace age is about 5,000 to 15,000 furnaces;
6 The calorific value of converter gas is 6.69×106J/Nm3;
7 The above data are considered according to the conventional converter smelting mode.
5.2 Raw material preparation and supply
5.2.1 The newly-built converter steelmaking workshop should adopt the method of supplying molten iron from one bag to the bottom, and can also use a mixed iron car to supply molten iron.
5.2.2 The temperature of the molten iron blended into the converter should be higher than 1250°C.
5.2.3 Storage and transportation of bulk materials shall comply with the following regulations.
1 Storage and transportation of bulk materials shall include auxiliary raw material storage and transportation facilities and ferroalloy storage and transportation facilities.
2 The bulk material for slag making in converter smelting should have a particle size of 5mm to 50mm, and its composition should meet the relevant provisions of the current national standards. Lime should be fresh metallurgical active lime produced in the factory or nearby areas.
3 For ferroalloys used in smelting, qualified materials with a particle size of 5mm to 50mm should be purchased from outside, and the composition should meet the relevant current national standards.
4 When the nominal capacity of the converter is greater than or equal to 120t, the number of underground storage bins in the auxiliary raw material system for bulk materials should be equal to the number of high-level storage bins in the converter. The number of underground silos in the bulk material ferroalloy system should match as much as possible with the number of intermediate silos in the converter. The storage amount of bulk active lime should be more than 8 hours, and the storage amount of other materials should not be less than 12 hours.
5 The bulk material feeding system should adopt a belt conveyor transportation system, and a mechanical dust removal device should be installed at the material transfer point.
6 The feeding system composed of process equipment below the high-level silo of the converter should be fully enclosed, and a nitrogen protection device to suppress the overflow of carbon monoxide gas should be installed in the system.
7 The feeding system composed of process equipment below the intermediate silo of the converter shall be fully enclosed, and a mechanical dust removal device shall be installed at the material transfer point.
8 Ferroalloys should be protected from mixing, rain or water during storage and transportation.
9 Ferroalloy crushing and processing facilities shall not be set up in the steelmaking workshop.
10 Alloy baking and drying facilities can be set up in the steelmaking workshop as needed.
11 The auxiliary raw material feeding system of the steelmaking workshop can be equipped with lime screening facilities as required.
12 Ferroalloys should be stored and supplied by the enterprise's internal ferroalloy warehouse.
5.2.4 Converter charging scrap steel shall meet the following requirements.
1 The ratio of steel scrap to the converter can be selected from 10% to 20% according to the capacity of the converter. The total amount of sulfur and phosphorus in steel scrap should be less than 0.1%, and slag inclusion should be less than 10%.
2 Before the converter is charged, the steel scrap should be sorted and processed as necessary, and should be stored by classification.
3 The size and weight of a single piece of steel scrap should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Scrap Iron and Steel" GB 4223.
5.2.5 It is strictly forbidden to mix the steel scraps charged into the converter into explosives or closed containers.
5.2.6 The feeding trough for scrap steel should be designed according to the principle of scrap steel bulk density of 0.7t/m3~1.0t/m3 and one-trough furnace loading.
5.2.7 In the newly-built converter steelmaking workshop, it is advisable to set up a separate scrap steel batching room for sorting and stockpiling scrap steel, and the scrap steel batching tank loading operation should be carried out as required. The scrap steel batching room should be able to meet the scrap steel consumption of 2d ~ 10d.
5.2.8 For ferroalloys used in converter smelting, qualified materials with a particle size of 5mm to 50mm should be purchased from outside. The steelmaking workshop should not be equipped with crushing and processing facilities. According to the requirements of steel types, on-line or off-line baking and drying facilities can be set up. The composition of ferroalloys should be Conform to the current relevant national standards. Ferroalloys should be stored and supplied by ferroalloy warehouses. Ferroalloys should be protected from mixing, rain or water during storage and transportation.
5.3 Process equipment
5.3.1 Converter capacity series should be 30t, 50t, 80t, 100t, 120t, 150t, 180t,.200t, 250t, 300t, 350t. The capacity specified in the series should be selected for the new converter steelmaking workshop, but it should not be less than 120t.
5.3.2 The furnace volume ratio of the newly built converter should be 0.9m3/t~1.0m3/t. The aspect ratio of the furnace shell should be between 1.30 and 1.60.
5.3.3 The furnace type of the converter should be a symmetrical furnace cap, a straight cylindrical furnace body, and a cylindrical or conical spherical furnace bottom. The new converter shell should adopt integral shell. The furnace shell and supporting ring can be transported in sections, assembled and welded on site, and after heat treatment, ultrasonic flaw detection and magnetic particle flaw detection are performed on the assembled welds. The trunnion coaxiality tolerance of the converter above 120t should not be greater than 1.5mm, and the trunnion coaxiality tolerance of the converter below 120t (including 1200t) should not be greater than 1mm.
5.3.4 For converters with a capacity of less than 150t, the furnace repair should be a simple upward repair method, and for a converter with a capacity of not less than 150t, the furnace repair should be a furnace tower repair mechanized upward repair method.
5.3.5 The converter should adopt water-cooled furnace mouth and water-cooled furnace cap. Furnace bottom and trunnion shall be designed according to the re-blowing requirements. The converter support ring should be water-cooled or air-cooled, and the gap between the support ring and the furnace shell should be 100mm to 250mm. The cooling method and other conditions are determined.
5.3.6 The connection between the furnace shell and the supporting ring should adopt the hanging bottom connection method, and the upper support connection method can also be used. The supporting ring trunnion support can adopt one-end swimming or swinging bearing seat.
5.3.7 The converter should adopt a fully suspended tilting mechanism, and the balance mechanism should use a torsion bar type. Tilting should adopt AC frequency conversion technology, 4 motors are driven independently, and the speed should be 0.1r/min~1.5r/min. The converter body can rotate ±360° continuously. It can tilt smoothly and stop accurately at any angle. When there is a furnace collapse accident, the four motors work simultaneously, and the converter can tilt at a slow speed. When one motor fails, the converter will tilt at a medium tilting speed, and one day's production can be completed. When the two motors fail, the converter will tilt at a slow speed to complete the production of one furnace of steel.
5.3.8 The design of the converter's tilting torque should meet the requirements of the maximum resultant torque in normal operation. The converter with a capacity of no more than.200t should be designed according to the full positive torque, and it should be able to return to zero by its own weight in the event of power failure or mechanical failure. Converters with a capacity above.200t should be designed with positive and negative moments.
5.3.9 Converter should be equipped with slag retaining device and taphole lining brick replacement device
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