GB/T 50051: Evolution and historical versions
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Technical standard for chimney engineering
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PDF similar to GB/T 50051-2021
Standard similar to GB/T 50051-2021 GB 50144 GB/T 50046 GB 50073 GB 50161 Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 50051-2021 (GB/T50051-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical standard for chimney engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P34 | | Word Count Estimation | 344,346 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | GB/T 50051-2021: Technical standard for chimney engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 In order to standardize and guide the design, construction and acceptance of chimneys, ensure personal health, life and property safety, and ecological environment safety, and meet the basic needs of chimney engineering construction, this standard is formulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the design, construction and acceptance of new concrete chimneys, fiber reinforced plastic chimneys, steel chimneys, brick chimneys and other single-tube chimneys, telescopic chimneys and multi-tube chimneys, and applies to the reinforcement and inspection of existing chimneys. Anti-corrosion transformation.
1.0.3 The design, construction and acceptance of the chimney shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant current national standards.
2 terms
2.0.1 Chimney chimney
Tall structures used to vent fumes.
2.0.2 dry chimney dry chimney
A chimney that discharges flue gas with a relative humidity of less than 60% and a temperature of not less than 90°C.
2.0.3 humid chimney humid chimney
A chimney that discharges flue gas with a relative humidity greater than 60% and a temperature greater than 60°C but less than 90°C.
2.0.4 Wet chimney wet chimney
A chimney that discharges flue gas with a saturated relative humidity and a temperature not greater than 60°C.
2.0.5 Self-supporting chimney
Without any additional support, the cylinder itself forms a chimney with a stable structure.
2.0.6 guyed chimney guyed chimney
The chimney of the stable system is composed of the cylinder body and the cable.
2.0.7 framed steel chimney tower type steel chimney
The inner cylinder mainly bears its own vertical load, and the horizontal load is mainly borne by the steel chimney of the steel tower.
2.0.8 Single tube chimney single tube chimney
The lining and insulation layer are directly supported on the corbels of the tube wall or the lining is directly pasted on the common chimney of the tube wall.
2.0.9 Sleeve chimney single liner chimney
A chimney of the inner cylinder is arranged in the cylinder wall.
2.0.10 Multi-pipe chimney multi-liner chimney
A chimney consisting of two or more inner cylinders sharing an outer cylinder wall or tower.
2.0.11 Inner cylinder liner
Exhaust stacks in the wall of sleeve and multi-pipe chimneys.
2.0.12 Lining
The self-supporting structure supported in sections on the corbels of the tube wall or the pouring body directly attached to the tube wall by the anchor bars distributed on the tube wall plays a protective role for the heat insulation layer or the tube wall.
2.0.13 Shaft
The part above the foundation of the chimney, including the cylinder wall, insulation layer and inner lining.
2.0.14 Cylinder wall shell
The outermost structure of the chimney body is the load-bearing part of the whole body.
2.0.15 insulation layer
It is a structure placed between the cylinder wall and the inner lining so that the temperature of the cylinder wall does not exceed the specified maximum temperature.
2.0.16 Self-supporting inner cylinder self-supporting liner
Under the action of self-weight load, the smoke exhaust pipe mainly bears the compressive stress in the vertical direction and is supported by the outer cylinder in the horizontal direction.
2.0.17 suspended liner
Under the action of gravity load, the exhaust pipe mainly bears the tensile stress in the vertical direction and is supported by the outer cylinder in the horizontal direction.
2.0.18 Confining bed
The acid-resistant mortar layer on the outside of the brick inner cylinder is used to seal the smoke and prevent or reduce the leakage of the smoke.
2.0.19 flue flue
The part of the smoke extraction system that directs the smoke into the chimney.
2.0.20 vortex induced resonance vortex shedding
When the frequency of the vortex shedding generated by the wind flowing through the chimney surface is equal to or close to the natural frequency of the structure, the phenomenon of transverse wind resonance occurs.
2.0.21 Critical wind speed for vortex shedding
The lowest wind speed at which the chimney resonates across the wind direction.
2.0.22 lock area lock in
When the vortex shedding frequency of the wind is equal to or close to the natural frequency of the structure, the wind speed range in which vortex induced resonance occurs.
2.0.23 Strake(vane)
A damping device that reduces vortex induced resonance response by dampening the regular vortex shedding of the wind.
2.0.24 fiber reinforced plastic inner cylinder fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) liner
It is an inner cylinder that is manufactured, connected and installed in sections by mechanical winding molding technology, using fiber and its products as reinforcing materials and synthetic resin as matrix material.
2.0.25 reactive flame-retardand resin reactive flame-retardand resin
The molecular main chain contains chlorine, bromine, phosphorus and other flame retardant elements. After no or a small amount of auxiliary flame retardant materials (such as antimony trioxide) are added, the cured fiber reinforced plastic material can be difficult to ignite and self-extinguishing from fire. Extinguishing performance resin. These resins are not flame retardant in liquid state.
2.0.26 matrix material matrix
The resinous part of a fiber-reinforced plastic material.
2.0.27 limited oxygen index limited oxygen index (LOI)
Under the specified conditions, the minimum oxygen concentration (volume percentage) required to maintain the equilibrium combustion of the specimen in the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
2.0.28 flame-spread rating
An index value determined by standard methods for fiber reinforced plastic laminates with a thickness of 3 mm to 4 mm, reinforced with glass fiber chopped strand mat, and a resin content of 70% to 75%.
2.0.29 winding angle
The angle between the length direction of the fiber bundle or belt wound on the mandrel and the meridian or generatrix of the mandrel.
2.0.30 reinforcement material reinforcement
A fiber material that can significantly improve the mechanical properties of composite products when added to the resin matrix.
2.0.31 heat-deflection temperature (HDT)
When the resin casting body specimen is in the specified liquid heat transfer medium with constant temperature rise, according to the simply supported beam model, under the specified static load, the temperature when the specified amount of deformation occurs.
2.0.32 Glass transition temperature glass transition temperature
When the resin casting body specimen reaches a certain temperature value at a certain heating rate, it changes from a hard glass-like brittle state to a flexible elastic state, and the physical parameters change discontinuously. This phenomenon is called glass transition. The corresponding temperature is the glass transition temperature (Tg), which is the basis for determining the maximum use temperature of the resin, and its value is usually 15°C to 25°C higher than the heat distortion temperature.
2.0.33 hydraulic sliding form
Using the pre-embedded support rod on the cylinder (wall) wall as the fulcrum, the hydraulic jack is used to lift the working platform and the sliding formwork, and the continuous construction process.
2.0.34 Motor-driven (hydraulic) promote form
Taking the reserved hole in the cylinder (wall) wall or the pre-embedded support rod as the fulcrum, use the electric motor or hydraulic jack to lift the working platform and formwork, and reverse the intermittent construction process.
2.0.35 two-side sliding form
Simultaneously carry out the process of hydraulic sliding form construction of the cylinder wall and lining.
2.0.36 Hydraulic jacking method hydraulic jacking
A method of installing a steel chimney or a steel inner cylinder section by section (section) from top to bottom by using hydraulic jacking equipment.
2.0.37 hydraulic lifting method hydraulic lifting
A method for installing a steel chimney or a steel inner cylinder section by section (section) from top to bottom by using hydraulic lifting equipment.
2.0.38 Pneumatic jacking
A method of installing steel chimneys or steel inner cylinders section by section (section) from top to bottom by using pneumatic jacking equipment.
2.0.39 assessed working life for existing chimney
The estimated useful life of an existing chimney under specified conditions from a reliability assessment.
2.0.40 design working life for strengthening of existing chimney
The number of years that the chimney can be used according to its intended purpose without re-inspection and appraisal after the reinforcement design stipulates.
2.0.41 design working life for corrosion resistance of chimney
The anti-corrosion design stipulates that the chimney can be used according to its intended purpose under normal construction and maintenance conditions.
3 Basic Regulations
3.1 Design requirements
3.1.1 This standard adopts the limit state design method based on probability theory, measures the reliability of structural components with reliability indicators, and uses the design expressions of partial coefficients for structural calculations.
3.1.2 The limit state design of the chimney structure and its attached components shall include.
1 Limit state of bearing capacity. when the chimney structure or auxiliary components reach the maximum bearing capacity, such as strength failure, local or overall instability, and unsuitable for continuous bearing due to excessive deformation, etc.
2 Limit state of normal use. the chimney structure or auxiliary components reach the limit values specified for normal use, such as reaching the specified limit values for deformation, cracks and maximum heating temperature, etc.
3.1.3 The limit state design of the bearing capacity shall carry out the basic combination, occasional combination and seismic combination design of action effects respectively according to different design situations. The normal service limit state should be designed according to the standard combination, frequent combination and quasi-permanent combination of action effects respectively.
3.1.4 The safety level and structural importance factor of the chimney shall meet the following requirements.
1 The safety level of the chimney shall not be lower than Class II. When the height of the chimney is not less than.200m or the capacity of a single unit is not less than 300MW, the safety class of the chimney shall be Class I.
2 The structural importance coefficient γ0 of the chimney shall not be less than the specifications in Table 3.1.4.
3.1.5 The anti-seismic fortification category of the chimney shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Standards for Seismic Fortification Classification of Construction Engineering" GB 50223, and shall meet the following provisions.
1 For thermal power plants with a single unit capacity of 300MW and above or a planned capacity of 800MW and above, and chimneys and flues of important power facilities that must maintain normal power supply during earthquakes, the anti-seismic fortification category should be classified as key fortification;
2 For chimneys with a height not less than.200m, the anti-seismic fortification category shall be classified as the key fortification category;
3 For central heating chimneys in cities and towns with a population of more than 500,000, the anti-seismic fortification category should be classified as the key fortification category;
4 The minimum seismic fortification category of other chimneys should not be lower than the standard fortification category.
3.1.6 For the permanent design situation and transient design situation, the limit state design of the chimney bearing capacity shall be determined according to the most unfavorable value in the basic combination of the following action effects.
1 Persistent design status.
1) The design value of the load effect of the inner cylinder support platform of the sleeve type and multi-pipe chimneys shall comply with the following formula.
2) The effect design value of the inner tube of the sleeve type and multi-pipe chimney shall meet the following formula.
2 Temporary design situation.
1) The design value of the load effect controlled by variable loads such as single-tube chimney, tower-type steel chimney, sleeve type and multi-pipe chimney, and the load effect design value controlled by variable loads such as wind load and platform live load shall comply with the following formula.
2) The design value of the load effect of the inner cylinder of the telescopic and multi-pipe chimneys controlled by wind loads shall comply with the following formula.
In the formula. γ0—the importance coefficient of the chimney, adopted according to the provisions of Article 3.1.4 of this standard;
——The i-th sub-item coefficient of permanent action shall be adopted according to the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
γPL—the sub-item coefficient of the live load of the chimney platform, adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
——The sub-item coefficient of the first variable effect (leading variable effect) shall be adopted according to the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
——The jth sub-item coefficient of variable effect shall be adopted according to the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
Gik—the standard value of the i-th permanent action;
Qlk—the standard value of the lth variable action (leading variable action);
Qjk——the standard value of the jth variable action;
- the effect of the i-th permanent action standard value;
Swk—the effect of standard value of wind load;
- the effect of the standard value of the lth variable action (leading variable action);
- the effect of the jth variable action standard value;
SPLk—the effect of the standard value of the chimney platform live load;
——The combined value coefficient of the jth variable effect shall be adopted according to the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
ψCPL — live load combination coefficient of chimney platform, adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
, - the lth and jth variable action adjustment coefficients considering the design service life of the chimney, adopted according to the current national standard "Code for Loading of Building Structures" GB 50009;
γT—the sub-item coefficient of normal flue gas temperature effect, adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
ST - the effect of normal flue gas temperature on the standard value;
γCP——Under normal flue gas temperature working conditions, the sub-item coefficient of flue gas negative pressure, adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.1.9 of this standard;
SCP——the effect of the standard value of the negative pressure of the flue gas under the normal flue gas temperature working condition;
γw——wind load sub-item factor, adopted according to the provisions of Table 3.1.9 of this standard;
Rd——the resistance design value of the chimney or chimney components, for different design conditions, the corresponding resistance design value should be adopted.
3.1.7 For accidental design conditions such as flue gas explosion and accident temperature, the limit state design of the chimney bearing capacity shall comply with the following formula.
In the formula. - the load effect value calculated according to the standard value Ad of the accidental load;
—the frequency value coefficient of the first variable load;
—the quasi-permanent value coefficient of the jth variable load.
Note. The frequency value coefficient of wind load under smoke explosion and accident temperature is taken as 0.20.
3.1.8 For chimneys that require anti-seismic fortifications, in addition to calculating the ultimate bearing capacity in accordance with Article 3.1.5 and Article 3.1.6 of this standard, the anti-seismic check calculation shall also be carried out according to the following seismic design conditions.
1 Single tube chimney and outer tube of telescopic and multi-tube chimneys.
2 Inner cylinder of telescopic and multi-pipe chimneys.
In the formula. γRE——seismic adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity, take 1.00 for brick chimney; take 0.90 for concrete chimney; take 0.80 for steel chimney; take 0.85, 0.85, 0.80, 0.90 and 1.00; when only calculating the vertical seismic action, 1.00 should be used for all kinds of chimneys and components; the fiber-reinforced plastic inner cylinder should follow the relevant provisions of Chapter 9 of this standard;
γEh—sub-item coefficient of horizontal earthquake action, adopted according to the provisions in Table 3.1.9 of this standard;
γEv—sub-item coefficient of vertical earthquake action, adopted according to the provisions in Table 3.1.9 of this standard;
SEhk—the effect of the standard value of horizontal seismic action, calculated according to the provisions in Section 5.5 of this standard;
SEvk—the effect of the standard value of vertical seismic action, calculated according to the provisions in Section 5.5 of this standard;
——The additional bending moment effect caused by earthquake action, wind load, sunshine and foundation inclination shall be calculated according to the provisions in Section 7.2 of this standard;
SGE——the effect of the representative value of the gravity load, the representative value of the gravity load is the sum of the standard value of the self-weight of the chimney and its components and the combined value of the live load of each floor platform; the coefficient of the combined value of the live load should be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Table 3.1.9;
ST - effect of flue gas temperature;
ψwE—coefficient of combined value of wind load, to be taken as 0.20;
——coefficient of combined value of additional bending moment caused by earthquake action, wind load, sunshine and foundation inclination, take 1.00;
γT—subitem coefficient of flue gas temperature effect;
γGE——sub-item coefficient of gravity load, which should be taken as 1.20 in general; when the gravity load is beneficial to the bearing capacity of the chimney, the value should not be greater than 1.00.
3.1.9 For different design conditions, different load action sub-item coefficients and combined value coefficients shall be selected according to the following provisions.
1 For permanent design conditions and transient design conditions, the partial coefficients of the basic combination of action effects are to be adopted in accordance with the provisions in Table 3.1.9-1.
2 For permanent design conditions and transient design conditions, the corresponding combined value coefficients are to be determined according to the provisions in Table 3.1.9-2.
3 For seismic design conditions, sub-item coefficients of seismic action and combined live load coefficients for calculating representative gravity load values shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions in Table 3.1.9-3 and Table 3.1.9-4 respectively.
3.1.10 For the limit state of normal service, the standard combination or quasi-permanent combination of action effects should be used for design according to different design requirements, and the following requirements should be met.
1 The standard combination is used to check the concrete compressive stress, steel bar tensile stress, crack width, foundation bearing capacity or structural deformation checking of the concrete chimney wall, and is calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. C——The chimney or structural member reaches the specified limit value required for normal use, such as the limit value of allowable stress, deformation, cracks, etc., or the characteristic value of the bearing capacity of the foundation.
2 The design of quasi-permanent combination for foundation deformation shall be calculated according to the following formula.
In the formula. ——the quasi-permanent value coefficient of the jth variable action effect, for platform live load, take 0.6; for dust load, take 0.8; generally it is not included in wind load, but it is serious for wind rose diagram For eccentric areas, the wind load frequency value coefficient of 0.4 can be used for calculation.
3.1.11 The chimney and flue should be determined according to two fire compartments, and fire isolation measures should be taken during the maintenance of the equipment at the front end of the chimney.
3.1.12 When designing a chimney, brick chimneys, concrete chimneys, steel chimneys or fiber-reinforced plastic inner cylinders should be used according to factors such as service conditions, chimney height, material supply and construction conditions. Brick chimneys should not be used in the following situations.
1 Chimneys with a height greater than 60m;
2 Chimneys in areas with seismic fortification intensity of 9 degrees;
3 When the seismic fortification intensity is 8 degrees, the chimneys of Class III and IV sites.
3.1.13 The chimney lining shall meet the following requirements.
1 The setting of brick chimney lining shall meet the following requirements.
1) When the flue gas temperature is greater than 400°C, the lining should be installed along the full height of the cylinder wall;
2) When the flue gas temperature is not greater than 400°C, the lining can be installed locally at the lower part of the cylinder wall, and the minimum installation height should exceed the top of the flue hole, and the excess height should not be less than 1/2 of the hole height.
2 The inner lining of the reinforced concrete single-tube chimney shall be arranged along the full height of the tube wall.
3 When the wall temperature meets the temperature limit in Article 3.1.26 of this standard and meets the anti-corrosion requirements, the steel chimney may not be provided with an inner lining. However, when the temperature of the cylinder wall is high, anti-scald measures should be taken.
4 When the flue gas corrosion level is weak corrosion and above, the chimney lining shall still comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 12 of this standard.
5 The thickness of the inner lining shall be determined by temperature calculation, and the thickness of the section at the entrance of the flue or the inner part of the foundation of the underground flue shall not be less than.200mm or 1 brick. Other sections should not be less than 100mm or half a brick. The overlapping length of each section of the lining should not be less than 300mm or 6 skin bricks.
3.1.14 The structure of the heat insulation layer shall meet the following requirements.
1 When the brick lining and air insulation layer are used, the thickness should be 50mm. At the same time, the top bricks should be picked out at a vertical distance of 1m and a circumferential distance of 500mm on the side of the inner lining close to the cylinder wall. A gap of 10mm should be left.
2 The thickness of the heat insulation layer of the filler should be 80mm~200mm. At the same time, a full-circle anti-settling belt with a distance of 1.5m~2.5m should be set on the inner lining, and a 10mm temperature gap should be left between the anti-settling belt and the cylinder wall.
3.1.15 When the chimney is in the same plane and there are two flue openings, a smoke partition wall should be installed, and its height should be 50% to 150% of the height of the flue hole. The thickness of the smoke partition wall shall be calculated and determined according to the smoke pressure, seismic fortification requirements, etc.
3.1.16 The setting of straight ladders on the outer surface of the chimney shall meet the following requirements.
1 The ladder should be set up 2.5m from the ground until the top of the chimney.
2 The climbing ladder should be set in the upwind direction of the perennial dominant wind direction.
3 When the height of the chimney is greater than 40m, movable rest boards shall be provided on the ladder, and the interval shall not exceed 30m.
3.1.17 Chimney straight climbing ladders, inclined steel ladders, protective railings and steel platforms shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Safety Requirements for Fixed Steel Ladders and Platforms" GB 4053, and the horizontal load on the top of the railings shall not be less than 1.0kN /m, the value of the vertical load should not be less than 1.2kN/m.
3.1.18 The chimney external maintenance platform shall meet the following requirements.
1 When the height of the chimney is less than 60m, no special requirement is required;
2 When the height of the chimney is 60m ~ 100m, it can only be installed at the top;
3 When the height of the chimney is greater than 100m, a platform should be added in the middle;
4 When aviation obstruction lights are set, the maintenance platform can be shared with the obstruction light maintenance platform;
5 After the flue gas emission monitoring system is set up and the sampling platform is set up according to the provisions of Article 3.1.30 of this standard, the sampling platform can be shared with the maintenance platform.
3.1.19 If there is no special requirement, the brick chimney may not be provided with inspection platform and signal light platform.
3.1.20 The length of the rods of the ladder and the external platform of the chimney should not exceed 2.5m, and the rods can be connected by bolts.
3.1.21 Metal components such as ladders and platforms should be hot-dip galvanized for corrosion protection, and the thickness of the coating should meet the requirements in Table 3.1.21, and meet the current national standard "Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings of Metal Covering Steel Parts" "Relevant regulations of GB/T 13912.
3.1.22 The connection between the ladder, the platform and the cylinder wall shall meet the strength and durability requirements.
3.1.23 The chimney body should be equipped with lightning protection facilities.
3.1.24 The chimney body should be provided with settlement observation points and inclination observation points. The dust removal device should be determined according to the actual flue gas situation.
3.1.25 The location of the calculation section of the cylinder wall shall meet the following requirements.
1 The horizontal section may be taken as the bottom section of each section of the cylinder wall.
2 The vertical section may be taken as the section of unit height at the bottom of each section.
3.1.26 The heating temperature of the chimney wall and foundation shall meet the following requirements.
1 The maximum heating temperature of the sintered common clay brick cylinder wall shall not exceed 400°C.
2 The maximum heating temperature of reinforced concrete cylinder wall and foundation and plain concrete foundation shall not exceed 150°C.
3 The maximum heating temperature of the steel chimney and fiber reinforced plastic inner cylinder shall meet the requirements in Table 3.1.26.
3.1.27 Under the standard combination effect of loads, the horizontal displacement at any height of the concrete chimney, steel structure chimney and fiber reinforced plastic inner cylinder shall not be greater than 1/100 of the height above the ground at this point, and the brick chimney shall not be greater than 1/300.
3.1.28 The maximum crack width of the concrete chimney shall meet the requirements in Table 3.1.28.
3.1.29 Concrete chimneys durable...
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