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National food safety standard - Nutrition fortifier - Cupric citrate
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GB 1903.78-2025: National food safety standard - Nutrition fortifier - Cupric citrate ---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB1903.78-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National food safety standard - Food nutrition fortifier
Copper citrate
Issued on: SEPTEMBER 2, 2025
Implemented on: MARCH 2, 2026
Issued by. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
1 Scope... 3
2 Chemical name, molecular formula, structural formula, and relative molecular mass
... 3
3 Technical requirements... 3
Appendix A Test methods... 5
Appendix B Infrared spectrogram of copper citrate... 11
National food safety standard - Food nutrition fortifier
Copper citrate
1 Scope
This standard applies to copper citrate, a food nutrition fortifier, prepared by reacting
and processing copper carbonate, copper oxide, and citric acid, or copper sulfate and
sodium citrate, in a certain proportion.
2 Chemical name, molecular formula, structural formula, and
relative molecular mass
2.1 Chemical name
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid copper salt
2.2 Molecular formula
C6H4Cu2O7 • 2.5H2O
2.3 Structural formula
2.4 Relative molecular mass
360.22 (based on the international relative atomic mass in 2022).
3 Technical requirements
3.1 Sensory requirements
Sensory requirements shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
Appendix A
Test methods
A.1 Safety tips
Some reagents used in this standard's testing methods are corrosive; handle with
extreme caution! If splashed onto skin, immediately rinse with water; for severe cases,
seek immediate medical attention. When using highly toxic substances, strictly adhere
to relevant regulations; avoid inhalation or skin contact; if necessary, conduct the
procedure in a fume hood. Personnel with open wounds shall not handle this substance.
A.2 General provisions
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and water used in the test methods of this
standard refer to analytical grade reagents and Grade III water as specified in GB/T
6682.Unless otherwise specified, the standard solutions, impurity standard solutions,
preparations, and products used in the tests shall be prepared in accordance with the
provisions of GB/T 601, GB/T 602, and GB/T 603.In the test, the solutions used, unless
the solvent for preparation is specified, all refer to aqueous solutions.
A.3 Identification test
A.3.1 Reagents and materials
A.3.1.1 Hydrochloric acid.
A.3.1.2 Hydrochloric acid solution. 1+4(V1+V2). Measure 10 mL of hydrochloric acid
and slowly add it to 40 mL of water, then mix well.
A.3.1.3 Ammonia solution (10%). The preparation method is as per GB/T 603.
A.3.1.4 Iron sheet. shiny and rust-free.
A.3.1.5 Pyridine-acetic anhydride solution. 3+1(V1+V2).
A.3.1.6 Potassium ferrocyanide (0.10 g/mL). Weigh 1.0 g of potassium ferrocyanide
and dissolve it in 10 mL of water. Prepare the solution fresh when using it.
A.3.2 Instruments and equipment
Infrared spectrometer.
A.3.3 Identification method
A.3.3.1 Identification of copper ions
Take about 1 g of the sample, dissolve it in 20 mL of water, and add a small amount of
hydrochloric acid to acidify the sample solution. Place a shiny, rust-free iron sheet into
the acidified sample solution, and a reddish copper film will form on the surface of the
iron sheet.
Take about 1 g of the sample, dissolve it in 20 mL of water, and add excess ammonia
solution; first, a blue precipitate is formed, and then it turns into a dark blue solution.
Take about 1 g of the sample, dissolve it in 20 mL of water, and add potassium
ferrocyanide solution; a reddish-brown precipitate is formed, and the precipitate is
insoluble in hydrochloric acid solution.
A.3.3.2 Identification of citrate ions
Weigh 5 mg of the sample into 5 mL of pyridine-acetic anhydride solution, shake, and
a yellow to red or purplish-red solution will be formed.
A.3.3.3 Identification by infrared absorption spectroscopy
The test shall be conducted using the potassium bromide pellet technique in accordance
with GB/T 6040.The infrared spectrum of the sample shall be consistent with the
reference spectrum (see Appendix B for the reference spectrum).
NOTE. The CAS number for copper citrate referred to in this standard is 866-82-0.
A.4 Determination of copper citrate content
A.4.1 Method summary
Under slightly acidic conditions, excess potassium iodide is added to the sample to react
quantitatively with divalent copper. The precipitated iodine is titrated with a standard
sodium thiosulfate titration solution, and starch is used as an indicator to determine the
endpoint by the color change.
A.4.2 Reagents and materials
A.4.2.1 Glacial acetic acid.
A.4.2.2 Potassium iodide.
A.4.2.3 Sodium thiosulfate standard titration solution [c(Na2S2O3)=0.1 mol/L, subject
to actual concentration].
A.4.2.4 Ammonium thiocyanate solution (100 g/L).
A.4.2.5 Starch indicator solution (10 g/L).
A.4.3 Analysis steps
Weigh 0.1 g~0.2 g (accurate to 0.0001 g) of the sample and place it in a 250 mL iodine
flask. Dissolve the sample in 4 mL of glacial acetic acid, then add 50 mL of water and
3 g of potassium iodide. Shake well and place in the dark for 10 min. Titrate with sodium
thiosulfate standard titration solution until the solution turns pale yellow. Add 3 mL of
starch indicator solution and 20 mL of ammonium thiocyanate solution, and shake well.
Continue titrating until the blue color disappears, which is the endpoint.
A blank test is also performed. Except for the absence of a sample, the blank test is
performed in the same manner as the determination test, including the types and
amounts of reagents added (except for the standard titration solution).
A.4.4 Result calculation
The mass fraction w of copper citrate content (as Cu) in the sample, expressed as %, is
calculated according to formula (A.1).
where
V -- the numerical value of the volume of the sodium thiosulfate standard titration
solution consumed in titrating the sample, in milliliters (mL);
V0 -- the numerical value of the volume of the sodium thiosulfate standard titration
solution consumed in the blank titration test, in milliliters (mL);
c -- concentration of sodium thiosulfate standard titration solution, in moles per
liter (mol/L);
M -- the numerical value of the molar mass of copper, in grams per mole (g/mol)
[M(Cu)=63.5];
m -- the numerical value of the sample mass, in grams (g);
1000 -- conversion factor.
The arithmetic mean of parallel determinations (rounded to one decimal place) is taken
as the measurement result. The difference between two parallel determinations shall not
exceed 5% of the arithmetic mean.
A.5 Loss on drying
A.5.1 Reagents and materials
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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