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GB 16486-2008 English PDF

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GB 16486-2008: The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds
Status: Obsolete

GB 16486: Evolution and historical versions

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GB 16486-2008English679 Add to Cart 3 days [Need to translate] The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds Obsolete GB 16486-2008
GB/T 16486-1996English199 Add to Cart 2 days [Need to translate] Motorcycles and mopeds--Measurement method for fuel consumption Obsolete GB/T 16486-1996

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Basic data

Standard ID GB 16486-2008 (GB16486-2008)
Description (Translated English) The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds
Sector / Industry National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard T80
Classification of International Standard 43.140
Word Count Estimation 17,146
Date of Issue 2008-12-31
Date of Implementation 2009-07-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 15744-1995 ial; GB/T 16486-1996 ial
Quoted Standard GB/T 1884; GB/T 5378-1994; GB/T 5384-1996; GB 18176-2007
Adopted Standard ISO 7859-2000, NEQ
Regulation (derived from) Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 23 of 2008 (No. 136 overall)
Issuing agency(ies) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary This Chinese standard specifies the mopeds fuel consumption limits and measurement methods. This standard applies to mopeds.

GB 16486-2008: The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
The limits and measurement methods of fuel consumption for mopeds ICS 43.140 T80 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB/T 15744-1995, GB/T 16486-1996 Mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement (ISO 7859.2000Mopeds-Fuelconsumptionmeasurements, NEQ) Posted 2008-12-31 2009-07-01 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China released

Foreword

Appendix to this standard are recommended, the rest are mandatory. 2000 "Moped Fuel consumption. ISO 7859 This standard and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) 2000 came into force May 1 Measurement Methods "(first edition in English) of non-equivalent. This standard and ISO 7859. compared to 2000, the following major changes. --- ISO 7859 normative references a chapter of international standards referenced in this standard references to the corresponding national standards; --- Delete the contents of ISO 7859 in the run cycle, a direct reference to the provisions of the operating cycle GB 18176-2007; --- Adjust the order of chapters; --- Increased fuel consumption limit content; --- Deletion of Part A of Appendix. This standard replaces GB/T 15744-1995 "for motorcycles and fuel consumption limits" and GB/T 16486-1996 "Mount Motorcycles and mopeds fuel consumption test method "in the relevant content and mopeds. And GB/T 15744-1995 and GB/T 16486-1996 compared to the standard main changes are as follows. --- Fuel consumption limits only in accordance with the two- and three types divided according to the number of strokes canceled, according to the three-wheeled, sidecar, riding, Pedestal type division method; --- Fuel consumption is weighted value Ⅰ type testing and type Ⅱ two part test measurements; increased Ⅰ type tests (prescribed Measured under conditions operating cycle average fuel consumption) content, changing the type Ⅱ test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) of Speed, number of trials and value methods. The Standard Appendix A, Appendix B is a normative appendix. For new certification models, implementation of this standard as from 1 July 2009; For the production models, this standard since January 1, 2010 Since implementation. This standard was proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission. This standard by the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted. Shanghai Motorcycle Research Institute, Tianjin Motorcycle Technology Center, Zhejiang Qianjiang Motorcycle Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. full-Yi Feng, Guo, the new, He Wenjie, Wang Qing, GUO Shao, Sun Weimin. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. --- GB 4567-1984; --- GB/T 15744-1995; --- GB/T 16486-1996. Mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement

1 Scope

This standard specifies the mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits and methods of measurement. This standard applies to mopeds.

2 Normative references

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T 1884 crude oil and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density (density meter method) (GB/T 1884-2000eqv ISO 3675. 1998) GB/T 5378-1994 road test for motorcycles and mopeds - General GB/T 5384-1996 maximum speed motorcycles and mopeds Test Method GB 18176-2007 mopeds emission limits and measurement methods (case law, China stage Ⅲ)

3 Terms and Definitions

GB 18176-2007 established and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard. Mopeds traveling speed fuel consumption test (Ⅱ type test) when.

4 Test types and test conditions

4.1 Test Types Mopeds should be two types of tests. 4.1.1 Ⅰ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption under the conditions specified operating cycle) Ⅰ type test on a chassis dynamometer, test uses GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. The second predetermined operation cycle. once The test consists of two consecutive operating cycles. 4.1.2 Type Ⅱ test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) Ⅱ type test on the road or chassis dynamometer, measuring fuel consumption by the test according to the reference speed driving. 4.2 Environmental conditions Test environment should meet the following conditions. --- Relative humidity. less than 95%; --- Maximum wind speed. 3m/s or less; --- The maximum gust wind speed. 5m/s or less; --- Ambient temperature. 278K ~ 303K. 4.3 standard conditions Standard conditions were as follows. --- Atmospheric pressure. P0 = 100kPa; --- Temperature. T0 = 293K; Relative air density when tested in accordance with the formula (1) calculated with the standard air density difference between the state should not exceed 7.5%. T0 TT (1) Where. PT --- test at atmospheric pressure, in units of kilopascals (kPa); TT --- test temperature when the unit is Kelvin (K).

5 Test preparation

5.1 Test Vehicle 5.1.1 motorcycle manufacturer or its authorized representative shall submit with Appendix A product description information. 5.1.2 Test by test according to manufacturer technical documentation requirements for running, and in a normal state of operation. 5.1.3 Check tightness of the intake system and fuel supply system, to ensure that the mixture will not be affected by accidental intake. 5.1.4 adjustment shall be subject to the provisions of the test carried out technical documentation. Tire pressure should comply with the technical documentation. 5.1.5 The test subject should be checked before commissioning; that test should be consistent with the description of the company's technical documentation; shall be able to travel, to the hot and cold state Normal starting state. 5.1.6 before the test, that test should be preheated with, in order to achieve a normal state, the company's technical documents. There is no requirement, the vehicle GB 18176-2007 should press Appendix C C. on a chassis dynamometer The 2 operating cycle requirements, four warm-up run loop operation Turn; if the test carried out on the road, by the test should be under normal driving conditions, driving at least 15min, so that the engine and transmission to reach Normal thermal state. 5.1.7 test, the quality of the crew and vehicle load should be consistent with GB/T 5378-1994 standards, plus equipment for the crew 75kg. Quality should be measured fuel consumption measuring device, and more than the quality recorded in the test record. Axle and rear axle load distribution between the front 5.1.8 shall meet the requirements of manufacturers of technical documentation. When installing the measuring instruments on the test car When the device should be made on the original load distribution is minimized. 5.1.9 installed on the outside of mopeds fuel consumption measuring device and the vehicle speed sensor, should try to make the additional air resistance is reduced Min. 5.2 Fuels and lubricants To the test with GB 18176-2007 provisions of fuel. Density test fuel according to standard GB/T 1884, measured as. Hydrogen - carbon ratio using a fixed value, gasoline was 1.85. Engine oil should be in accordance with the grade and quantity, the company technical documentation requirements will be Configuration. 6 Ⅰ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption under the conditions specified operating cycle) 6.1 operating cycle on the chassis dynamometer Mopeds GB 18176-2007 run cycle in accordance with Appendix C C. Rule 2 set. 6.2 test device 6.2.1 Chassis dynamometer The main characteristics of the chassis dynamometer shall comply with GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 4.1 provisions. When measuring fuel consumption measurement systems for fuel consumption, distance traveled and time should be synchronized. 6.2.2 Method and apparatus for measuring fuel consumption Fuel consumption shall be measured in one of the following methods, measurement method used depends on the characteristics and testing methods for each class Type (Ⅰ Type Ⅱ type test or test). a) flow measurement method; b) volume measurement method; c) weighing measurement method; d) measuring the carbon balance method (applies only with four-stroke engine mopeds). Interpretation method of measurement, see Appendix B B. 1. If you can prove the same results, also allows the use of other test methods. 6.2.2.1 Appendix B B. 2 is a fuel consumption measuring equipment installation requirements and instructions for use. Fuel should adopt an Appendix B B. 2 consistency, accuracy of ± 2% of the fuel supplied to the engine flow measuring device, and this device should ensure that the performance of the engine from Movies ring. When using volume measurement system shall be measured fuel temperature or fuel temperature at the exit of the apparatus. Transition from the normal fuel supply system to the measuring system shall be implemented through a valve system, the conversion time should not be greater than 0.2s. 6.2.2.2 When measured by the carbon balance method, test equipment and devices with the same requirements GB 18176-2007. 6.3 Measurement procedures 6.3.1 Chassis dynamometer according to GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 5.1, and C. 5.2 Adjustment. 6.3.2 measurements by GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. 6 provides procedures performed. In accordance with Appendix B of measuring fuel consumption Operation of the instrument. According to GB 18176-2007 Appendix C C. When using the carbon balance method 7 provisions of the exhaust gas sampling, analysis and volume measurements. 6.4 Fuel consumption measurement Every two consecutive operating cycle fuel consumption as a measurement value. 6.5 determine the measurement results 6.5.1 in accordance with 6.4 for three consecutive measurements of fuel consumption, the arithmetic average of 3 measurements as the final measurement. In every second Between measurements, allowing no more than the idling stage of 60s, during idle without fuel consumption measurement. 6.5.2 If the maximum difference between the measured value does not exceed 5% of the average of the measurements, the results of this measurement is valid, or should again Measure until the A value calculated according to 6.5.3 not more than 5%. 6.5.3 A value according to formula (2). A = K × Ju 槡 like × 100 FC (2) Where. K --- isolated from Table 1; Table 1 K value table Shaped 45678910 K 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 槡 like 1.6 1.25 1.06 0.94 0.85 0.77 0.73 --- Like the number of measurements; Ju --- standard deviation by the formula (3) is calculated; Ju = Like - Sang 1 (3) Like an arithmetic mean value of the FC --- FC, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km). 6.5.4 If the other vehicle after 10 measurements, A value is still greater than 5%, should be replaced by the same type of measurement. 6.5.5 Fuel consumption calculation result rounded to two decimal places. 7 Ⅱ type test (measurement of the average fuel consumption at constant speed) 7.1 Test conditions 7.1.1 Type Ⅱ test shall be carried out on the road or chassis dynamometer. 7.1.2 fuel consumption measuring device installation and usage requirements, see 6.2.2.1. 7.2 Measurement road 7.2.1 drivers and driving position 7.2.1.1 The driver should wear protective clothing and helmet. Driver's height of 1.75m ± 0.05m, weighs 75kg ± 5kg. 7.2.1.2 driving position When driving, the driver should sit predetermined driving position, his hands control the direction of the feet on the pedals, arms should be normal stretch. Measurement The amount of the process, the driver should maintain the same posture unchanged. 7.2.2 Test the road 7.2.2.1 test road shall be the length of 2000m or more, the minimum turning radius of 200m or more closed ring road, or can be both positive and negative Two-way traffic, length of 500m or more straight road. 7.2.2.2 test road surface shall be covered with asphalt, asphalt, concrete or equivalent material. 7.2.2.3 road test should be horizontal, longitudinal slope must not exceed 1%, and the height difference between any two points must not exceed 1m, cross slope must not exceed 3%. 7.2.2.4 test road shall be flat, dry and clean. 7.2.2.5 Test Interval. 500m. 7.3 chassis dynamometer measurement methods 6.3.1 when set on the chassis dynamometer test. 7.4 Test Method 7.4.1 The test shall be in the highest gear, the maximum speed of mopeds to 90% and 30km/h as the reference speed. Mopeds Maximum speed according to the provisions of GB/T 5384 is measured. In the next two tests optimum reference speed value obtained as the measurement result type Ⅱ trial. 7.4.2 Fuel consumption measurements 7.4.2.1 In a stable reference speed fuel consumption measurements, tests should be carried out four times, in which the average speed of 2 times lower than the reference vehicle Speed, the other two times the average speed is higher than the reference speed. During the trial, by commissioning a traveling speed tolerance should be controlled at ± 2km/h within. The average speed and the reference speed is less than the difference between each test 2km/h. Fuel consumption for each test shall formula (5), equation (6) calculation. 7.4.2.2 poor average speed of less than 2 times the test reference speed fuel consumption should be less than the average of the two tests to give the 5%; the average speed is higher than the reference speed of the second test has the same requirements. Fuel consumption at the reference speed shall be used as shown in FIG. 1 Calculated by linear interpolation. 7.4.2.3 If any pair of calculated values can not meet the conditions of 7.4.2.2, the test should be repeated 4 times. If 10 groups Test can not meet the above requirements, shall be elected for other mopeds of the same type, the above order retest. NOTE. × crosshairs (four intersections) and with the calculated values for each test, respectively. FCⅡ average fuel consumption is linearly interpolated from the reference speed vp under Consumption. The average fuel consumption at the reference speed 1 The method of calculation of fuel consumption and limits 8.1 Fuel consumption calculation Fuel consumption according to the formula (4) Calculated. FC = 0.6 × FCⅠ + 0.4 × FCⅡ (4) Where. FCⅠ --- Ⅰ type tests measured fuel consumption, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km); Fuel consumption FCⅡ --- Ⅱ Test with linear interpolation obtained under the reference speed, in units of liters per 100 km (L/100km). 8.2 Ⅰ and Ⅱ type test test fuel consumption calculation 8.2.1 If the volume measurement of fuel consumption, fuel consumption FC according to formula (5) Calculated. [1 + α (T0-T)] S × 100 (5) Where. Q --- measured fuel consumption in liters (L); volume expansion coefficient [alpha] --- fuel, gasoline 0.001K-1; T0 --- standard temperature (293K), the unit is Kelvin (K); T --- Fuel temperature in Kelvin (K); S --- Vehicle test set from the volume of the fuel with the unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.2 If the fuel consumption is weighing measurement, fuel consumption FC according to formula (6) Calculated. ρ × S × 100 (6) Where. Fuel density ρ --- standard condition (293K) under, in kilograms per liter (kg/L); S --- test vehicle traveling the distance unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.3 If the carbon balance method of measuring fuel consumption, fuel consumption FC according to formula (7) Calculated. × [(0.429 × MCO) + (0.866 × MHC) + (0.273 × MCO2)] (7) Where. MCO --- carbon monoxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MHC --- hydrocarbon emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); MCO2 --- carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometer (g/km); Fuel density ρ --- standard condition (293K) under, in kilograms per liter (kg/L). 8.2.3.1 emissions of gaseous pollutants by the formula (8) is calculated. M j = (8) Where. --- Pollutant emissions M j j, measured in grams per kilometer (g/km); Vp mix --- corrected to standard conditions (273.2K and 101.33kPa) diluted exhaust gas volume, in liters per test (L/test); J --- C concentration of pollutants in the diluted exhaust gas j and press the content of the dilution air pollutants j is corrected in units of volume concentration 10-6; if C j volume expressed as a percentage, is 10-6 factor is replaced by 10-2; S --- distance traveled during the test, the unit in kilometers (km). 8.2.3.2 Volume Determination Variable dilution device 8.2.3.2.1 When a plate or Venturi tube control constant flow calculation volume, volume flow continuously records show Parameters and calculate the total volume of the test period. 8.2.3.2.2 When using a positive displacement pump volume calculation according to formula (9) include computing diluted exhaust gas volume displacement pump within the system. Vp = Vp 0 × N (9) Where. Vp --- diluted exhaust gas volume (before correction), in liters per test (L/test); Under test conditions the volume V0 --- pumped out of the gas volume, in liters per revolution (L/r); N --- the number of revolutions of each test, in revolutions (r). 8.2.3.2.3 The diluted exhaust gas volume corrected to standard conditions. According to formula (10) was diluted exhaust gas volume correction. Vp mix = Vp × K1 × PpTp (10) Where. K1 --- factor. K1 = 273.2101.33 = 2.6961 (K × kPa-1) (11) Absolute pressure Pp --- displacement pump inlet, in units of kilopascals (kPa); The average temperature entering the positive displacement pump during the test Tp --- diluted exhaust gas, expressed in Kelvin (K). 8.2.3.3 calculate sampling bag corrected concentration of pollutants C j = Ce-Cd 1- 1 () DF (12) Where. C j --- dilution air concentrations of pollutants in the diluted exhaust gas j j pollutant content after correction in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; Ce --- j diluted exhaust pollutants measured concentration in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; Cd --- j dilution air pollutant concentrations measured in units of volume or concentration of 10-6%; DF --- dilution factor is calculated as follows. DF = 14.5CCO2 + 0.5CCO + CHC (13) Where. CCO2 --- diluted exhaust gas sampling bags of CO2 concentration in units of volume concentration (%); CCO --- diluted exhaust gas sampling bag concentration of CO, the unit is volume concentration (%); CHC --- sampling bag HC concentration of the diluted exhaust gas, expressed in% volume concentrations. Case 8.2.4 Fuel/lubricant mixture For mixed-lubricated two-stroke mopeds, should be calculated by subtracting the lubricating oil consumption. 8.3 mopeds Fuel consumption limits in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 two mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits engine capacity mL ≤50 Fuel consumption limits L/100km 2.0 Table 3 three mopeds Fuel Consumption Limits engine capacity mL ≤50 Fuel consumption limits L/100km 2.3

Appendix A

(Normative) Mopeds Product Description A. 1, the company name (trademark) A. 2 Vehicle Type A. 3 vehicle mass Vehicle curb mass kg Rated load kg A. 4 Transmission manual/automatic Transmission ratio (ratio) number Ratios (manual transmission) First Gear Second gear Third Gear Fourth gear Fifth gear Sixth gear A. 5 drive ratio primary finally A. 6 tires. Specifications mm front; rear wheel size mm Technical documents actual tire pressure Front kPa kPa Rear kPa kPa A. 7 Engine Description manufacturer Types of Cycle two-stroke/four-stroke Number of cylinders and arrangement pattern Bore mm Stroke mm Displacement mL Compression ratio. Fuel Type of cooling system water/air/other (specify) Air filter type Lubrication system (Two-stroke engine. discrete/hybrid) A. 8 additional pollution control devices (Are not include other projects) Yes/No Fuel supply type Carburetor/fuel injection system trademark Types of A. 9 engine performance Idle speed r/min The maximum power and corresponding engine speed kW/(r/min)

Appendix B

(Normative) Moped fuel consumption measuring instruments B. 1 measurement method B. 1.1 Flow Measurement Method Flow measurement method is the use of a fuel in a continuous or discontinuous manner, within a certain time interval measured by determining permit Mass or volume of the device. Continuous means a given with outflows associated display; do not give a continuous means to establish basic minimum volume measurement basis Show on. B. 1.2 volume measurement method Volume measurement method is to use a known volume of the vessel to measure the volume of fuel consumed approach. This container should be "fixed" volume Type or "Variable" displacement. "Fixed" volume of container allowed to read only fixed fuel flow. This traffic has been determined. The flow rate depends on the volume of the container itself Or logo on the container. "Variable" volumetric container is a container having a tick mark. It is not allowed to read the fixed fuel flow. B. 1.3 Weighing measurement method Weighing measurement method is the use of a weighing device to measure the consumption of fuel quality, the device should be "fixed" Weighing type or "Variable" Weighing type. "Fixed" type device weighing only allowed to read a fixed fuel flow. This fuel flow has been determined. The flow depends on the apparatus of the present Body and its characteristics. "Variable" type weighing device allows to read is not fixed fuel flow. B. 2 installed measuring devices B. 2.1 General Considerations B. 2.1.1 Whatever the method of measurement, the measuring device used in the installation should not interfere with or change in any case the vehicle fuel supply Oil supply situation of the system. Here the main consideration should be the fuel supply line pressure drop, the cross-sectional size and line length. B. 2.1.2 shall be considered satisfied B. 2.1.1 predetermined conditions. a) If a flow measurement method, if the system pressure drop by less than 100Pa, flow meter in accordance with figure B. 1 and B. 2 Settings. b) installation of volumetric measurement and weighing measurement method in Figure B. 3, Figure B. 4 and B. 5, Figure B. 6. B. 2.1.3 If you can prove that does not affect the fuel supply system of the vehicle, allowing the use of other installation method. B. 2.1.4 In order to reduce the pressure loss in the fuel line, it is recommended. Where. B. 2.2 Flow Measurement Method B. 2.2.1 Flowmeter press by means of a pressure drop is less than 100Pa design. B. 2.2.2 Figure B. 1 for the flow measurement system carburetor fuel supply when the schematic; Fig. B. 2 for the fuel injection method measures the flow of oil supply System schematic. B. 2.2.3 Accuracy Throughout the test within ± 2% of full scale range. B. 2.3 volume measurement method B. 2.3.1 Figure B. 3 is a volume measurement system carburetor fuel supply when the schematic; Fig. B. 4 is a volume measurement system when the fuel injection supply System schematic. B. 2.3.2 Test conditions (Figure B.3, shown in Figure B.4 chassis dynamometer and used on the road volumetric measurement) B. 2.3.2.1 should set the following measuring tube in the side of the fuel tank. The above values should be in mm. B. 2.3.2.2 the amount of pressure inside the tube should be free from the influence of the amount of pressure at the outlet of the air duct. B. 2.4 Weighing measurement method B. 2.4.1 Figure B. 5 Weighing measurement system carburetor fuel supply when the schematic; Fig. B. 6 is a weighing measurement system when the fuel injection supply System schematic. B. 2.4.2 requirement for graduation Accuracy. ≤1% Resolution. 0.1g B. 2.4.3 Measurement Density (mass/volume) It should have a measurement accuracy of 1g/cm3 and converted into a standard state. 1 --- carburetor fuel input; 2 --- fuel tank outlet; Figure B. 1 Flow Measurement Method (Carburetor fuel supply when the measuring system) 1 --- a level of fuel imports; 2 --- export the fuel tank; 3 --- Level of the fuel outlet; 4 --- Level fuel imports; 5 --- the fuel tank inlet; 6 --- Level of the air outlet pipe. Figure B. 2 flow measurement method (Fuel injection supply the fuel measuring system) 1 --- carburetor fuel input; 2 --- fuel tank outlet; Air outlet 3 --- amount of the tube; Air outlet end of the tube 4 --- amount of the tube. Figure B. 3 volume measurement method (Carburetor fuel supply when the measuring system) 1 --- a level of fuel imports; 2 --- export the fuel ...

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