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GB 12977-2008 English PDF

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GB 12977-2008: [GB/T 12977-2008] Balancing machines -- Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station
Status: Obsolete

GB 12977: Evolution and historical versions

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GB 12977-2008English959 Add to Cart 5 days [Need to translate] [GB/T 12977-2008] Balancing machines -- Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station Obsolete GB 12977-2008
GB 12977-1991English359 Add to Cart 3 days [Need to translate] Balancing machines--Enclosures and other safety measures Obsolete GB 12977-1991

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Basic data

Standard ID GB 12977-2008 (GB12977-2008)
Description (Translated English) [GB/T 12977-2008] Balancing machines -- Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station
Sector / Industry National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard N73
Classification of International Standard 21.120.40
Word Count Estimation 24,278
Date of Issue 2008-01-04
Date of Implementation 2008-12-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB 12977-1991
Quoted Standard GB/T 2298; GB/T 6444; ISO 2806; ISO 4849
Adopted Standard ISO 7475-2002, MOD
Regulation (derived from) Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 5, 2008 (No. 118 overall)
Issuing agency(ies) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary This Chinese standard specifies the shield and other protective measures required. Shields and protective measures are used to reduce the centrifugal balancing machines measuring station on the mechanical rotor imbalance danger. These risks are balanced and the different types of rotors operating equilibrium equilibrium state machine generated. This standard shield and other protective measures define different level of protection, and defining the scope of each level of protection. This standard does not include means to adjust the distribution of mass of the rotor and the rotor and conveying means, even though some of them are assembled on the measuring station. This standard does not include special properties of the protective cover, for example: the balance to balance the rotational speed of the rotor with blades may be required to reduce noise, reduce the drag or vacuum properties.

GB 12977-2008: [GB/T 12977-2008] Balancing machines -- Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station


---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Balancing machines.Enclosures and other protective measures for the measuring station ICS 21.120.40 N73 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB 12977-1991 Balancing machine guard and the measuring station Other protective measures (ISO 7475.2002, Mechanicalvibration-Balancing forthemeasuringstation, MOD) Posted 2008-12-01 2008-01-04 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China released

Table of Contents

Preface Ⅰ Introduction Ⅱ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 4 major risk Listing 1 4.1 Overview 1 4.2 Risk Assessment 1 4.3 machine close to balance risk 1 5 Safety requirements and (or) protective measures 3 5.1 General Requirements 3 5.2 Special Requirements 4 6 Safety requirements and testing (or) protection of 4 7.1 General requirements 7 7.2 Guidebook 7 7.3 marks 8 Select the Appendix A (Normative Appendix) C-level shield 9 Annex B (informative) impact test apparatus 15 Annex C (informative) Example 16 Level of protection References 19

Foreword

The standard Chapter 1, Chapters 2 and 3 are recommended, the rest are mandatory. This revised standard adopts the International Standard ISO 7475.2002 "Mechanical vibration - Balancing machine guards and other protective measures for the measuring station" (English second edition). This standard is equivalent translation ISO 7475.2002, the standard structure and technical content with their full agreement. For ease of use, this standard ISO 7475.2002 made the following editorial changes. --- According to our habit modified standard name; --- Remove the ISO 7475.2002 foreword, preface rewritten this standard; --- The "this International Standard" be replaced by "this standard"; --- Use the decimal symbol instead of English as a decimal comma ",". ","; --- International standards referenced in Chapter 2, the country has been transformed into a standard, this standard direct reference Correspondingly our country Family standard; --- Added "in China manufacturing and the use of balancing machines and balancing machines imported into China, its instruction manual 7.2 Shall be printed in Chinese "clause; deleted A.4 does not belong to the formula number of the formula" (A.8) "; the provision A.5.1 Central Plains formula No. "(A.10)" modify "(A.9)", and the corresponding provisions of these changes in the body position of the margin to be a single vertical line Identification; --- Standard profile "References" listed, has been converted to our standards, this standard direct reference Correspondingly me National Standards. This standard replaces GB 12977-1991 "balancing machine guards and other security measures." This standard compared with GB 12977-1991 main changes are as follows. --- Modify the standard name; --- According to ISO 7475.2002 standard structure and content has been adjusted; --- Increasing the foreword; --- Increased Chapter 3, "Terms and definitions" (see Chapter 3 edition), Chapter 4, "a significant risk list" (see Chapter 4 of this edition); --- Expanding debris allowed speed range; --- Debris energy per unit area as a barrier out of the performance of the rotor of debris shield material; --- Absolute energy use debris shield as a whole, or a member firm strength index; --- Study the debris impact when in the free state shield debris momentum; --- Added other safety instructions balancing machines and other intrinsically safe combination of views, including the operator complete consideration; --- Added Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix; Appendices B and C are informative appendices. Please note that some of the content of this standard may involve patents. The standard release mechanism should not bear the responsibility to identify these patents. The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee tester (SAC/TC122) centralized. This standard is drafted by. Changchun Testing Machine Institute. Participated in the drafting of this standard. Changchun United Test Instrument Co., Schenck Shanghai Machinery Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. ROCKETS, Shaochun Ping, Sun Huagang. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. --- GB 12977-1991.

Introduction

While balancing machine design manufacturers and users from their own endeavor to balance the use of dangerous machines minimized, however, need more To enhance the safety of the work site, especially for the rotor to be balanced request for additional protection. Balancing machine operator or shop work area Around potential hazards may exist, such as. human contact or rotor balancing machine parts, components or rotor imbalance corrected mass fly off, turn Child support frame from when jumping or chipping. These potential hazards are theoretically possible as the rotor speed increases the size and balance, however, Usually through appropriate procedures and balanced rotor design reduces these dangers. Special balancing machines, balancing machines such as those used in mass production in the automotive industry, usually contain all the necessary protection measures Shi, because the working conditions and the work balancing machine is known, it can be considered balancing machine maker. However, the general balance Machine, balancing machine manufacturer for the work to be balanced generally unknown, and therefore difficult to control its basic protective measures are limited to the Ming Obvious danger, such as. shaft drive coupling guard and (or) drive belt cover. Therefore, the user should describe its balancing machine rotor potential hazards Insurance sources, in order to provide the same amount of protection in balancing machine manufacturer or the user should customize equipment to meet the protection requirements. For previously unknown rotor, for example. the use of the rotor and the rotor being repaired, it needs to be well evaluated. Table A. 2 Corresponding to different specifications of the balancing machine marked typ. But for each individual rotor to be balanced, the user should check whether the protective measures It includes all hazards. Comply with the standards recommended by these measures generally give operators and shop floor staff balancing machine provides adequate protection. However, some applications, the recommended protective cover or other protective measures may be very expensive or time-consuming it is to apply it, then sit Consider other protective measures, such as. a sufficient distance to empty no one region to balance the remote control device, or unconventional work time, and so on. If you need to balance the rotor or speed test in its operating speed or speeds above its work (in this case just as the low-speed balancing process The same certainly can not be considered a larger rotor accident occurs), the probability of an accident may be important to consider. Maximum operating speed And overspeed test speed is generally much lower than can be expected to occur more accidents rotor speed. On the other hand, at low speed balancing of the rotor can be assembled from several components, such as a turbine wheel. At this point it is important to test Are considered for low-speed balancing shield can withstand the turbine blades to penetrate, or whether it can be sufficient to guard balance process may fly Imbalance correction quality. If the probability is almost non-existent from the blade, use only a correction can protect the quality of the lightweight shield Will suffice. This standard outlines the balancing machine and protective measures, fails to indicate details risk types and for the provision of rotor balancing equipment. Great future Almost every need in the case of provisions, according to the actual rotor parameters for specialized research. In this connection, the risks that may occur Accidents It should include balancing machine itself features. As for the extent of damage and then, understanding by the support frame and bearing balancing machine able to withstand much solely by Accident rotor (rotor components from running) due to unbalance may be decisive. The major hazard criteria mentioned are those listed in chapter 4 of the danger. Chapter 5 gives the order to prevent or reduce identified in Table 1 Those dangerous and required safety requirements and (or) protection measures, as well as the program verifies these requirements or protective measures. Balancing machine guard and the measuring station Other protective measures

1 Scope

This standard specifies requirements for guards and other protective measures. Shield and protective measures are used to reduce the centrifugal (rotation) flat Balancing machine rotor unbalance measuring mechanical hazards on the station produced. These risks are balanced by the various types of rotors operate at different balance When the balancing machine generated. The standard shield and other protective measures to define different levels of protection, and defining each level of protection Scope. This standard does not include adjustment means rotor mass distribution and transport rotor means, although they are assembled in some measurement tools Position. This standard does not include the performance of special protective cover, for example. you may be required to balance the decrease in equilibrium with the rotational speed of the rotor blades Noise, reduce the drag or vacuum properties.

2 Normative references

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this standard and become the standard terms. For dated references, subsequent Amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard, however, encourage the parties to the agreement are based on research Whether the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB/T 2298 Mechanical vibration and shock term (GB/T 2298-1991, neq ISO 2041.1990) GB/T 6444 Mechanical vibration - Balancing Terminology (GB/T 6444-1995, eqv ISO 1925.1990) ISO 2806 Industrial automation systems digital control machine vocabulary ISO 4849 personal goggles technical conditions

3 Terms and Definitions

Terms and definitions GB/T 6444 and GB/T 2298 established apply to this standard.

4 major risk list

4.1 Overview Table 1 lists the significant risk of measurement stations identified in Centrifugal (rotating) balancing machines and associated risk status, activities and Examples of the danger zone. 4.2 Risk Assessment Users of this standard (ie. users, designers, manufacturers and suppliers) risk assessment should be carried out. As part of the risk assessment, this Standard users should describe the intended use of balancing machines, including hand tools loaded, the workpiece installation, maintenance, repair and cleaning and balancing machines can Foreseeable misuse. As another part of the risk assessment, the user of this standard should also examine whether in Table 1 List of dangerous comprehensive and applicable to Considered balancing machines. 4.3 Risk of close to balance machine Risk assessment should be assumed to be close to balancing machines from all directions. Shall identify where the operator can enter the danger zone and the two other persons Risks, and to take into account all possible dangers in the life of the balancing machine. This evaluation should include a control system failure protection Analysis of the consequences. Table 1 list of major hazards and hazards unique example of balancing machine measuring stations associated Item Category dangerous hazard associated with activities related to the danger zone examples

1 Machinery

The work load between the rotor and the movement of the workpiece support frame extrusion 1.1 1.2 Shear Check the rotation of the workpiece lap belt drive Around the drive shaft and the rotor/guide To the vicinity of the wheel Workpiece rotation between the roller journal and roller lubrication Rotating axial movement of the workpiece during the process control Between the rotor and the shaft holder around Machine area close to balance Electrically operated clamping device between a rotor and clamping means loading 1.3 mass strike Rotor fly Protection frame is not firmly closed, large uneven Measure, high-speed balancing Depending on the speed and quality of energy Given balancing machines around the surrounding area Domains and areas far away from the balancing machine Flying rotor parts loose parts, balancing speed is too high Corrected mass fly quality fixed is not strong 1.4 stabbing or piercing No drive shaft and the rotor Connected and the drive has been activated Start the drive shaft drive device near Rotor with a projection part in Rotation Check fixed rotor rotates Happening On the rotor 1.5 winding Check lap belt drive running lap belt drive Belt and rotor/guide rollers Between the wheel Rotor with a projection part in Rotation Check fixed rotor rotates Happening On the rotor 1.6 slip, tripped and fell lubricating oil flows out from the ground around the sleeve bearing balancing machine balancing machine in operation

2 Electrical

2.1 high-pressure contact with live parts 2.2 drive power After a power outage restart automatically during the installation around the rotor and the rotor during the drive means In translocation speed control operation Out of order The rotor position between the rotor and the fastening means

3 loud noises

Balanced rotor with blades Compressed air Nearby balance balancing machine operation

4 Ignore ergonomic principles

4.1 4.2 Unhealthy posture or too Degree of force (bear repeating) Hand to lift and transfer a workpiece And when balancing machine parts In the loading/unloading and maintenance process Loading/unloading stations, maintenance activities location Human arm or leg foot structure Thoughtless Workplace balancing machine in operation 4.3 insufficient local lighting In the process of setting up and loading of human Judgment and accuracy of movement Loading and setup process In the drive member and the support frame Plus/unloading process

5 various human error

Control means inappropriate Operation, protection and control devices by mistake Measurement uneven during the setup process measure Peritrochanteric Note. This list does not take into account all of the risk. 5 Safety requirements and (or) protective measures 5.1 General Requirements 5.1.1 Considering Balancing machine should be firmly installed in the base (or floor) on, so as to safely withstand a rotor mass unbalance, rotor fly When debris or parts and protective cover to open or close the inevitable result of a movement of all loads. In the balance is in operation, there may be for the balance of the machine operator or shop work area a variety of potential hazards, such as. --- Man and the moving rotor balancing machine parts or exposure to hazardous generated; --- Member or rotor imbalance corrected mass produced flying off the danger; --- Rotor support frame jump from broken or danger arising. Therefore, the general safety requirements should include two aspects. exposure to dangerous sports (mainly rotating workpiece) protection and fly rotor broken Pieces and parts protection. 5.1.2 The protection against contact Many of the rotor in the balancing process due to their surface (e.g.. bladed rotor) or due to the rotational energy accumulated are dangerous, for moving Balancing machine working area should use protective equipment (separator, fencing) for protection against man and rotating the workpiece and the transmission member contact. If you can follow all of the following criteria, in this particular case it may not need such protection devices. a) surface of the rotor should be smooth, non-hazardous reaching into contact; b) correction method will not generate fly fragments (usually material removal method); c) there is a greater rotor without rotor accident at the highest speeds; d) shall prevent the rotor jump from the balancing machine bearings, the protective measures as described in Table 3, 1.3, or balance the rotor at the highest speed Its rotational energy should be small enough, even if the jump from the rotor balancing machine will not cause any damage; e) the maximum drive torque should be small enough to ensure that all appropriate radius [corresponding to the moment of inertia, see f)] is lower than the tangential force of 100N; f) In the balancing speed and kinetic energy of the rotor drive means (assuming no connection between the two sliding) should be less than 20N · m. For large The diameter of the rotor (such as a car wheel), the case if the winding operation's clothing is not possible, a larger value may allow. 5.1.3 Protection flying debris or parts According to the rotor flying objects (debris or parts) of the quality and speed, it requires different measures of protection from personal eye protection (goggles Or mask), the whole shield to explosion protection. Normally you should consider the following three different indicators. a) energy per unit area This indicator is the kinetic energy of the flying object with its focus on the smallest possible area of action based on the situation on the guard [see A. 2.1 and Equation (A.1)]. Fragments or parts shall not penetrate or flying outside the protective device; b) absolute energy This index is based on the kinetic energy of the flying conditions were applied to the protective structure [see A. 3.1 and formulas (A.6)]. Protection should be blocked Flying debris or parts without breaking; c) Momentum This index is based on the momentum transfer was flying to the protection [see A. 5.1 and formulas (A.10)]. Protection should not be overturned, and its Displacement should be properly defined. Level protection system 5.1.4 Level Table 2 balance machine protection systems, the protection level can be described based on the following two criteria. Energy per unit area on the flying object --- rotor, absolute energy and momentum; --- Protective equipment (for example. partitions, fencing, etc.) the need for balancing machine (see Table 2). In some cases, it may take a combination of A and B grades, for example, if there is no contact hazard rotor balancing process and only in limited Small pieces can fly out of energy. Table 2 according to the necessity of balancing machine guards and the level of protection to block flying debris and parts and provisions Guards (partitions, fencing) Necessity No Yes Blocking debris and Components Unit area energy Absolute energy momentum Depending on the need to wear protection Eyepiece or mask You need to wear eye protection Mirror or mask Depending on the need to wear protection Eyepiece or mask More than Class B, up to About 340mN · m/mm2 More than Class B, up to About 2000N · m More than Class B, up to About 200kg · m/s Than C Each value class Protection Level 0 A B C D 5.1.5 Operation mode If the work area to the balancing machine equipped with a protective device, shall have the following two modes of operation. a) Mode 1 --- normal (production) Action. Close the hood and (or) protection devices (for example. protection locks, pressure-sensitive protective devices, electrical Control protection equipment) work under the conditions of operation of the work is to achieve continuous operation in manual or CNC conditions; b) Mode 2 --- setting mode. In the working area under the protective cover open and interlock device inoperative condition, manually or NC rotating the workpiece, the settings take effect. Mode 2 should reach the level of skills required by the operator using the instructions detailed procedures for the intended application according to the instructions provided to choose use. Reducing balance speed decreases this risk model is an important factor, while the maximum allowable speed needs to be considered carefully, and you want to pass Determined through risk assessment. Mode of operation should be through the key switch, code lock or an equivalent way to choose, should only be allowed in the work area outside the selection, should not be It is the initial startup. Application mode are shown in Table 3. Selected models should be clearly indicated. 5.1.6 Control For interlocking, monitoring, deceleration and dynamic design make safety part of the device control system should enable the control of a single failure should not lead to protection Loss of function, to be effective in any place, when in protection state, the next instruction should be given before or detected Single fault. Via a discrete channel, automatic monitoring and other appropriate means may be implemented to monitor. Causing means the device can be two or three devices and emergency stop devices linked. 5.2 Special Requirements Each machine should be balanced according to the special requirements specified in Table 3 and (or) protection design and protection. 6 Safety requirements and testing (or) protective measures Depending on the security requirements presented in Chapter 5 and (or) protection, you should use the method recommended in Table 3. The last column gives the inspection. Table 3 Safety Requirements (or) protection measures and a list of test methods and Project hazard safety requirements and (or) protection test methods

1 Machinery

1.1 Drive shaft coupling Disengagement or failure Universal joint shaft guard should not prevent Once connected to the rotor When coupling swinging. Another alternative is to interlock should prevent Universal joints idle when not connected to the rotor By visual inspection 1.2 Axial movement of the rotor is disengaged Balancing Machine support frame For lap belt drive balancing machine, axial thrust thrust should be to prevent the transfer device Son axial movement of the drive shaft for balancing machines, drive shaft axis should be able to withstand To load By visual inspection Table 3 (Continued) Project hazard safety requirements and (or) protection test methods 1.3 Rotor balancing machine from opening SUPPORTING in jump Balancing machines should be equipped with closed support or compression fixation (see note) By visual inspection, if necessary But also calculated 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 The operator rotates with rotation Any part or sub-rotor Specific driving member contact Operators should use fixed guards and (or) with interlocking movable Guard, or prevent access to the work area designed to protect the fence Workspace. Interlocking guards should be used to monitor and redundancy. redundancy Technology through two separate switch or via a closed switch with protection When detecting the locking position to achieve protection. It should take the interlock device may fail Effective measures to minimize. In some applications, only a portion of the rotor for protection, because Other parts of the rotor has been included in the 0 protection. In this case, only Preventing contact with the dangerous surface of the rotor is sufficient (for example. for low speed Wheel balancer, it should only be protective clamping mechanism, or in such a Way it is impossible to design the winding operation's clothes) By visual and physical inspection In Mode 1 [see 5.1.5a)], only when the guard is closed and (or) warranty When the guard device which is activated in order to make balancing machine movement. In this mode, when available When you can open interlocking movable guards should be interrupted and the dangerous movement Prohibited. If the interlocking guard open will produce 1.1 to 1.6 in Table 1 of Dangerous, should be provided with a lock guards Test circuit diagram and actually seized check. Check to make sure interlock protection When the device is opened, then impossible Near hazardous moving parts In Mode 2 [see 5.1.5b)], only if all the following conditions are met After power is turned on balancing machines you may run. a) by key or password to enter this mode, the program execution limit Made to the individual functional blocks or fixed cycles/closed loop (see ISO 2806); b) through the loop controller and start causing means together to start flat Heng running; c) Select Mode 1 should be automatically restored to all relevant protection status (For example. interlocking functions); d) In the recovery mode after the 1 state, only manipulate the cycle start control Device, make it possible to re-balance runnin...

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