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GB 1094.2-2013: [GB/T 1094.2-2013] Power transformers -- Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers
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[GB/T 1094.2-2013] Power transformers -- Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB 1094.2-2013 (GB1094.2-2013) | | Description (Translated English) | [GB/T 1094.2-2013] Power transformers -- Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K41 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.180 | | Word Count Estimation | 36,375 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 1094.2-1996 | | Quoted Standard | GB 1094.1; GB/T 13499-2002; IEC 60085-2007; IEC 61181-2007; IEC GUIDE 115-2007 | | Adopted Standard | IEC 60076-2-2011, MOD | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standards Bulletin No. 25 of 2013 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard applies to liquid-immersed transformers. This standard specifies the sign of cooling transformer, the transformer temperature rise limits and test methods. | GB 1094.2-2013: [GB/T 1094.2-2013] Power transformers -- Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers
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Power transformers.Part 2. Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers
ICS 29.180
K41
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB 1094.2-1996
Power Transformer
Temperature liquid immersed transformers. Part 2
Part 2. Temperatureriseforliquid-immersedtransformers
(IEC 60076-2.2011, MOD)
Issued on. 2013-12-17
2014-12-14 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
4 Cooling 3
5 normal cooling conditions 4
6 4 temperature rise limit
7 7 temperature rise test
Appendix A (informative) by dissolved gas analysis method in detecting local overheating 14
Annex B (informative) liquid-immersed transformer temperature rise test technology 17
Annex C (informative) inside the top oil liquid temperature is determined OFAF and OFWF cooling transformer hot spot temperature rise 23
Annex D (informative) winding hot spot temperature estimation method 24
Annex E (informative) with fiber optic sensors to monitor winding hot spot temperature 27
References 31
Figure B.1 two independent DC power supply (each winding one each) of low resistance winding of a transformer recommended measuring circuit 18
Figure B.2 using a DC power supply (two windings share) Another recommended measuring circuit 19
Figure B.3 average winding temperature change after disconnecting the power 19
Figure B.4 by curve fitting θw (t) = A0-kt g × et/T w extrapolated cooling curve 22
Temperature Rise Figure D.1 ON Cooling System 24
Figure D.2 as the rated capacity and conductor width Q coefficient values (W) Function 25
Figure D.3 pancake windings Typical liquid flow path 26
Application of Optical Fiber Sensor 28 Figure E.1 mind transformer winding on the cake
Figure E.2 fiber sensor applications in mind transformer transposition on the wire 29
Figure E.3 fiber optic sensors in the winding pad 29
Figure E.4 optical fiber sensor in the shell-type transformer high voltage winding 30
Table 1 5 temperature rise limit
Table 2 special operating conditions recommended temperature limits for correction value 6
The test results in Table 3 temperature modification index 13
Table A.1 dissolved gases in oil minimum detectable value SD 15
Table A.2 gas temperature rise test license growth of 15
Table B.1 temperature measurement with the Variable Table 20
Table B.2 cooling curve data represents Example 21
Table C.1 certain conventional transformer winding hot spot temperature rise test data combined with temperature rise calculated using fiber optic sensors and straight
Then measured winding hot spot temperature rise 23
Table E.1 recommended minimum number of three-phase double-winding transformer sensor 27
Table E.2 recommended minimum number of single-phase transformer sensor 27
Foreword
Chapter 4 of this section, Chapters 5 and 6 are mandatory, the rest are recommended.
GB 1094 "Power Transformers" currently contains the following sections.
--- Part 1. General;
--- Part 2. liquid-immersed transformer temperature rise;
--- Part 3. Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external insulation air gap;
--- Part 4. Power transformers and reactors lightning impulse and switching impulse testing guidelines;
--- Part 5. ability to withstand short circuit;
--- Part 6. Reactors;
--- Part 7. oil-immersed power transformer loading guidelines;
--- Part 10. Determination of sound levels;
--- Part 10.1. Determination of sound levels - Application guide;
--- Part 11. Dry-type transformers;
--- Part 12. Dry-type power transformer loading guidelines;
--- Part 14. High temperature insulation materials liquid-immersed transformer design and application;
--- Part 16. Wind power transformers.
This section GB Part 2 1094.
This section drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules.
This Part replaces GB 1094.2-1996 "Power transformers - Part 2. temperature rise" compared with GB 1094.2-1996, the main technical
Changes are as follows.
--- This section applies only to liquid-immersed transformers;
--- Standard name changed to "liquid-immersed transformer temperature rise";
--- Gives terms and definitions related to temperature rise;
--- Average winding temperature rise from the previous version of the 65K, to ON and OF cooling is 65K, OD cooling to 70K;
--- Use the hot temperature limit parameters;
--- Clearly defines the measurement method when the ambient temperature rise test;
--- Improved temperature rise test methods;
--- When the specified temperature rise test, test site cooling air temperature should be between 5 ℃ and transformer design is based on the maximum ambient temperature
Degrees;
--- Calculation formulas power off instantly average winding temperature rise;
--- Increasing the winding hot spot temperature correction coefficient;
--- Details of the hot temperature cooling ON and OD under the model;
--- Describes the resistance measuring circuit;
--- Details of the numerical calculation of the temperature curve extrapolation process;
--- Describes the installation method of direct measurement of the winding hot spot temperature sensor.
This section uses redrafted law revision using IEC 60076-2.2011 "Power transformers - Part 2. liquid-immersed transformers
The temperature rise. "
This part of IEC 60076-2.2011 technical differences and their reasons are as follows.
--- In order to meet our technical requirements, by modifying the normative references international standards instead of GB 1094.1
IEC 60076-1;
--- In order to meet our climate conditions, in Table 2, increased the average annual temperature is 15 ℃, the average monthly temperature is 25 ℃ and the maximum temperature
When the correction value is 35 ℃ temperature rise limits;
--- When the test site to comply with China's actual situation, in the first paragraph 7.2.1, the temperature rise test conducted by the minimum air temperature
10 ℃ to 5 ℃;
--- To comply with the actual situation of the formula (B.2) in θom (t) = A0 (1-kt) is amended as θom (t) = A0-kt, in Fig. B.3
A0 (1-kt) is amended as A0-kt.
This section also made the following editorial changes.
--- 7.3.3 of the contents according to different products divided into 7.3.3.1 and 7.3.3.2;
--- The IEC 60076-2.2011 in Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix D to Appendix C, Appendix D, and Appendix B attached
Record A;
--- Fig B.1 and B.2 of identification 1U, 1V and 1W replaced with A, B and C; 2U, 2V and 2W with a, b and c for
Change; 1N replaced with N;
--- Formula (B.1), formula (B.3), formula (B.12), formula (B.13) and B.4 of B is amended as g;
--- B.3 in the temperature measurement with the Variable Table as Table B.1, as the original table B.1 Table B.2.
Please note that some of the content of this document may involve patents. Release mechanism of the present document does not assume responsibility for the identification of these patents.
This part is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association.
This part of the National Standardization Technical Committee transformers (SAC/TC44) centralized.
This section is drafted. Shenyang Transformer Research Institute Co., Ltd., National Transformer Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, State Grid Electric Power Research
Institute, Baoding Tianwei Electric Co., Ltd., TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an Electric transformer limited liability
Any company, East China Power Grid Co., Ltd., Jilin Electric Power Research Institute, TBEA Hengyang Transformer Co., Ltd., a limited SUNTEN equipment
The company, Pearl Electric Co., Ltd., Wolong Electric Group Beijing Huatai Transformer Co., Ltd., Guangdong Julong Electric Power Equipment Co., Ltd., Wujiang change
Pressure Factory Ltd., China Electric Power Research Institute, Electric Power (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Prosperous Electric Co., Ltd., Wolong Electric
Gas Transformer Co., Ltd. Yinchuan Xinhua Electric Co., Ltd. are special.
The main drafters of this section. Zhang Xianzhong, Zhangzhong States INVENTORY Ren Xiaohong, Hu Zhenzhong, AN Zhen, Lihong Xiu, Han Xiaodong, Jiang Yimin, Ao Ming
Sunshu Bo, Li Xia, Caiding Guo, Hebao Zhen, the Origins of Chan Lin Canhua, Korea sieve root, Xuzai Hong, Fan Jianping, Lu Wei, Deng Xufeng.
This part of the standard replaces the previous editions are.
--- GB 1094.2-1985, GB 1094.2-1996.
Power Transformer
Temperature liquid immersed transformers. Part 2
1 Scope
GB 1094 this section applies to liquid-immersed transformers. This section provides flag transformer cooling mode, the transformer temperature rise limits
And temperature rise test methods.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein
Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB 1094.1 Power transformers - Part 1. General (GB 1094.1-2013, IEC 60076-1.2011, MOD)
GB/T 13499-2002 Application guide for power transformers (idtIEC 60076-8.1997)
IEC 60085.2007 for electrical insulation and heat resistance assessment instructions (Electricalinsulation-Thermalevaluationand
designation)
IEC 61181.2007 Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment electrical equipment factory test of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) application [Min-
eraloil-filedelectricalequipment-Applicationofdissolvedgasanalysis (DGA) tofactorytestson
electricalequipment]
IEC Guide 115.2007 Measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment in the field of Electrical Application (Applicationofuncertaintyof
measurementtoconformityassessmentactivitiesintheelectrotechnicalsector)
3 Terms and Definitions
GB 1094.1 define the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
External cooling medium externalcoolingmedium
Transformer cooling liquid circulating outside the system away transformer losses produce heat medium (air or water).
3.2
Internal cooling medium internalcoolingmedium
Liquid contact with the transformer winding or other components, the heat generated by the loss they will pass the intermediate or external cooling medium.
Note. The liquid may be a mineral oil and other natural or synthetic liquid.
3.3
Temperature temperaturerise
Temperature of the component (parts) under consideration. the difference between the temperature of the external cooling medium (e.g., the average winding temperature).
3.4
Top temperature of the liquid top-liquidtemperature
θo
Tank top (top cooling circuit) of insulating liquid temperature.
3.5
Top liquid temperature top-liquidtemperaturerise
Δθo
Top temperature of the liquid cooling medium and the external temperature difference.
3.6
The bottom temperature of the liquid bottom-liquidtemperature
θb
Insulating liquid or cooling liquid temperature at the bottom position at the entrance of the windings.
3.7
Bottom liquid temperature bottom-liquidtemperaturerise
Δθb
And the bottom liquid temperature of the external cooling medium temperature difference.
3.8
The average temperature of the liquid averageliquidtemperature
θom
The average temperature of the liquid and the top of the bottom liquid temperature.
3.9
Average liquid temperature averageliquidtemperaturerise
Δθom
The average temperature difference between the liquid and the temperature of the external cooling medium
3.10
Average winding temperature averagewindingtemperature
θw
In the latter part of the temperature rise test temperature by measuring winding DC resistance value determined.
3.11
Average winding temperature rise averagewindingtemperaturerise
Δθw
The average difference between the external temperature and the coolant temperature of the winding.
3.12
The average winding temperature gradient averagewindinggradient
The average temperature difference between the average temperature of the winding and the insulating liquid.
3.13
Winding hot spot temperature of the hot-spotwindingtemperature
θh
With solid insulation or insulating liquid in contact with the conductor winding hottest temperature.
3.14
Winding hot spot temperature hot-spotwindingtemperaturerise
Δθh
Differential winding hot spot temperature and the temperature of the external cooling medium.
3.15
Hot factor hot-spotfactor
Dimensionless coefficient estimate winding local temperature increase due to the additional loss caused by the irrational and the liquid flow gradient for the increase.
Note. The coefficient H is two coefficients Q and S of the product (see 3.16 and 3.17).
3.16
Coefficient factor
Dimensionless factor used to estimate the additional losses due to localized increase due to increased average winding temperature gradient.
3.17
Coefficient factor
Dimensionless factor used to estimate the increase due to the liquid flow caused by the irrational winding local mean temperature gradient.
3.18
Thermally modified paper thermalyupgradedpaper
After one kind of chemical methods to improve and reduce the degradation rate of the paper fiber paper.
If the kind of paper in a sealed tube at 110 ℃ after 65000h or formula (1) given time/temperature combination can protect
Holding 50% of the tensile strength, which is called thermal modification paper.
t = 65000 × e
15,000
θh 273-
15,000
110 () 273 (1)
Where.
--- T time, in hours (h).
Note 1. inhibiting substance or water with a stabilizing agent RSG can be formed by partially removing the water to reduce the effects of aging.
Note 2. The test method can be used as a reference to the nitrogen content, see GB/T 1094.7.
4 Cooling
4.1 glyph
Cooled transformers shall be marked manner. For liquid-immersed transformers, the cooling mode using the following four letters mark.
The first letter (on behalf of the internal cooling medium).
--- O. mineral oil ignition point of not more than 300 ℃ or synthetic insulating liquid;
--- K. flash point greater than 300 ℃ of the insulating liquid;
--- L. ignition undetectable insulating liquid.
The second letter (on behalf of internal cooling medium circulation patterns).
--- N. liquid flow flowing through the cooling device and the winding interior natural convection circulation;
--- F. cooling liquid flow is forced circulation, the flow of liquid flowing through the windings inside the convection loop;
--- D. cooling liquid flow is forced circulation, and at least in the main flow of the liquid inside the winding guide is forced circulation.
The third letter (on behalf of external cooling medium).
--- A. air;
--- W. water.
The fourth letter (on behalf of external cooling medium circulation patterns).
--- N. natural convection;
--- F. forced circulation (fans, pumps, etc.).
Note 1. This section, K classes and use of L-based insulating fluid only from an environmental and safety point of view to consider.
Note 2. forced liquid circulation guide (second letter D) transformer flows through the main liquid flow is determined by the winding of the pump, in principle, by the negative
Upload decision. Flowing through the cooling apparatus of a small portion of the liquid flow rate can be controllably directed flow through other parts of the core and the main winding outside, so that
It cooled. Tap winding and/or other smaller capacity windings may be non-oriented liquid recycle.
In unguided forced liquid circulation (second letter F) transformer flows through the liquid flow is all windings with the load changes, and cooling equipment
The pump flow is not directly related.
4.2 transformer cooling with a variety of ways
A transformer may require several different cooling. In this case, the specification and the plate should be given under different cooling capacity
Value, so that in the case of a cooling capacity required by and run when the transformer temperature does not exceed the limits, see GB 1094.1.
Capacity at maximum cooling capacity is the value of the transformer (transformer winding or a winding, see GB 1094.1) rated capacity, not
With the cooling arrangement according to the cooling capacity is increased in the order.
For example.
--- ONAN/ONAF. transformer with a group of fans, when a large load, the fan can be put into operation. In either cooling mode,
Liquid flow according to the thermal convection cycle;
--- ONAN/OFAF. transformer equipped with pumps and fan type cooling equipment, also provides natural cooling in (for example. Auxiliary
Case of a power failure or lack of capacity) reduced capacity.
5 normal cooling conditions
5.1 air cooling transformer
Power Transformer normal ambient temperature limits see GB 1094.1.
Taking into account the requirements of normal temperature, the temperature of the transformer installation site should not exceed.
--- Any time. 40 ℃;
--- Hottest average. 30 ℃;
--- Average. 20 ℃.
Note. Average temperature weather data obtained by the following (see GB 1094.1).
--- Monthly average temperature. a month, half of the average number of years of statistics the average daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature and the;
--- The annual average temperature. throughout the year, and the monthly average temperature of 1/12.
5.2 Water cooling transformer
Normal cooling conditions for the water cooling of the transformer at the cooler inlet temperature of cooling water at any time should not exceed 25 ℃
Or the annual average temperature should not exceed 20 ℃.
If the water temperature exceeds the value of the runtime, provision should be low temperature (see GB 1094.1).
6 temperature rise limit
6.1 Overview
Temperature requirements shall be specified following different options.
--- At the rated capacity of a set of requirements for continuous operation (see 6.2);
--- If the specified duty cycle should be explicitly given a set of additional requirements relating thereto (see 6.4).
Note. This additional set of requirements is mainly used in the system of large transformers, because in an emergency under a load operation requires special attention. Generally should not use
For medium and small transformers.
This section assumes that, each part transformer operating temperature of the external cooling medium (cooling or ambient air around the water) and the temperature of the portion
And the temperature rise.
Except as otherwise specified, the normal temperature limits apply. There are other provisions, the temperature limit of 6.3 should be amended.
The temperature rise limit does not allow positive deviation.
Temperature limits rated capacity under 6.2
For tapping range does not exceed ± 5%, and the rated capacity of not more than 2500kVA (single-phase 833kVA) transformer temperature rise limits applicable
For rated voltages corresponding to the main tap (see GB 1094.1).
For tapping range exceeding ± 5% or greater than the rated capacity 2500kVA transformer capacity in the appropriate tap, tap voltage and points
Then current, temperature rise limits apply to all tap.
Note 1. The points took different load loss is different, and when the predetermined time-varying magnetic flux regulator, no-load loss is different.
Note 2. For independent winding transformer, its biggest loss of load tap generally has a maximum current tap.
Note 3. For tapped autotransformer, it has a maximum load loss depends on the tap tap arrangement.
For multi-winding transformer, when a rated capacity equal to the remaining winding winding rated capacity and its temperature requirement refers to all
Windings are simultaneously in their respective rated load. If not the case, you should choose one or more of the specific load combinations, and accordingly
The provisions of its temperature limits.
In part two or more windings of the transformer is arranged in the upper and lower case, if they are the same size and rating, the winding temperature rise
Limits apply to the average of the measured values of the two windings.
Table 1 shows the temperature rise limits apply to have IEC 60085.2007 provided a solid insulation system temperature of 105 ℃ insulated and must
Edge of the liquid is a mineral oil or ignition of not more than 300 ℃ of synthetic liquid (the first letter of cooling is O) of the transformer.
These limits refer to continuous operation at rated capacity and external cooling medium annual average temperature value under steady-state conditions at 20 ℃ for.
If the user between producing and unless otherwise specified, the temperature rise limits given in Table 1 and modified for kraft paper (see also GB/T 1094.7) are
Be applicable.
Table 1 temperature rise limit
Claim
Temperature rise limit
Top insulating liquid 60
The average winding (electricity group measurement).
--- ON and OF cooling
--- OD cooling
Winding hot spot 78
For the core, exposed electrical cables, electromagnetic shielding and structural parts on the tank, not a predetermined temperature limits, but still requires a temperature rise not
Energy is too high, so as not to adjacent components subjected to thermal damage or excessive aging of the insulating liquid.
Note 4. Some of the design, in order to meet the winding hot spot temperature rise limit, may require an insulating liquid or top average winding temperature rise is less than a predetermined value in Table 1.
Note 5. the winding hot spot temperature rise of the method, see 7.10.
Note 6. For the oil dissolved gas analysis (DGA) was immersed in mineral oil in a large power transformer temperature rise test is carried out as a means to find abnormal overheating
(See Appendix A).
Note 7. For large power transformers, fuel tank and fuel tank cap temperature rise can be used infrared cameras to check.
For a lot of resistance bolted particularly small winding (for example. some of the furnace transformer low-voltage winding), measured by the resistance method around
The mean temperature rise may be very difficult, and the measurement uncertainty is large. In this case, after consultation with users of manufacturing, winding temperature rise can only claim
In hot temperature, this hot temperature should be obtained by direct measurement.
For high-temperature flame-retardant insulation system or immersion liquid (the first letter of cooling is K or L) of the transformer temperature rise limits,
Accordance with those agreements.
6.3 special cooling requirements amended
6.3.1 Overview
If the intended installation site does not meet normal operating conditions, cooling conditions given in Chapter 5, the transformer temperature rise limit should be given below
The rule amendments.
6.3.2 Air cooling transformer
If the temperature of the external cooling medium installation site has one or more of the normal value exceeds 5.1 is given, then all given in Table 1
The temperature rise limit value exceeded should be amended, and shall be rounded to the nearest integer value of temperature (K).
Table 2 Recommended ambient temperature reference value and the corresponding temperature limit correction value.
Table 2 under special operating conditions recommended temperature limits for correction value
Ambient temperature
Average monthly maximum
Temperature rise limit correction value
Ka
253545-5
304050-10
354555-15
Table 1 is a value relative.
Note 1. For ambient temperatures below Table 2 is not given provisions. If the user unless otherwise specified, in Table 1 temperature limits apply.
Note 2. The values listed in Table 2 can be obtained by interpolation.
If the installation site altitude above 1000m, while test site altitude less than 1000m, the test is allowable temperature rise limits
The following provisions shall be reduced.
--- For the self-cooling (cooling mode after the two-letter symbol for AN) transformers, top liquid temperature, winding and winding average temperature rise
Hot temperature limits should be part of the installation site is higher than the altitude of 1000m, 400m when reduced for each additional 1K;
--- For air-cooled (cooling after the two-letter symbol for AF) transformer shall be at the installation site altitude above 1000m
Part of the time for each additional 250m decrease 1K.
If the test site altitude above 1000m, and the installation site altitude less than 1000m, the reverse should be amended accordingly.
Due to altitude and temperature do correction value shall be rounded to the nearest integer value temperature.
When the temperature is high due to the cooling medium or high altitude installation site and will reduce the transformer temperature rise limits specified shall mark on the nameplate (see
GB 1094.1).
Note 3. When a standard transformer intended for use in high-altitude areas, reducing the value of its capaci...
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