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Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. HJ 710.3-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring terrestrial mammals Status: Valid
Basic dataStandard ID: HJ 710.3-2014 (HJ710.3-2014)Description (Translated English): Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring terrestrial mammals Sector / Industry: Environmental Protection Industry Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: Z04 Word Count Estimation: 17,137 Date of Issue: 10/31/2014 Date of Implementation: 1/1/2015 Quoted Standard: GB/T 7714; GB/T 8170; HJ 623; HJ 628 Regulation (derived from): Ministry of Environmental Protection Notice 2014 No. 74 Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Ecology and Environment Summary: This standard specifies the main content of terrestrial mammal observation diversity, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the observation area People's Republic of China Inland mammal diversity. HJ 710.3-2014: Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring terrestrial mammals---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring terrestrial mammals People's Republic of China National Environmental Protection Standards Technical Guidelines for the observation of terrestrial biodiversity breastfeeding animal Technical guidelines for biodiversity monitoring-terrestrial mammals (Release) Issued on.2014-10-31 2015-01-01 implementation Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Table of ContentsPreface ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions ..1 4 observations Principle 2 5 Observation Method 2 6 7 observations contents and index 7 observation time and frequency 7 8 quality control and safety management .7 Observing Reports prepared .7 9 Appendix A (informative) variable distance line transect method (linear intercept method) .8 record form Annex B (informative) habitat types table ..9 Annex C (informative) mark recapture record table 10 Annex D (informative) infrared camera observation record sheet ..11 Annex E (informative) mammal data recording sheet 12 Annex F (informative) Classification of Human Interference 13 Write Annex G (informative) mammal observation reporting format ..14ForewordTo implement the "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "People's Republic of China Wild Animal Protection Law" to regulate Our observations of biological diversity, the development of this standard. This standard specifies the main content of terrestrial mammal observation diversity, technical requirements and methods. The Standard Appendix A, B, C, D, E, F, G are informative appendix. This standard is the first release. This standard is developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection Science, Technology organization. Drafting of this standard. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Department of Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Animal Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences. This standard MEP October 31, 2014 for approval. This standard since January 1, 2015 implementation. The standard explanation by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Technical Guidelines for the observation of biological diversity of terrestrial mammals1 ScopeThis standard specifies the main content of terrestrial mammal observation diversity, technical requirements and methods. This standard applies to the observation area People's Republic of China Inland mammal diversity.2 Normative referencesThis standard refers to the contents of the following documents or the terms. For undated references, the latest edition of To this standard. GB/T 7714 after bibliographic references packet rules GB/T 8170 repair value expressed about the rules and limit values and judgment HJ 623 regional evaluation standards Biodiversity HJ 628 genetic resources collection technical specification (Trial)3 Terms and DefinitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Small mammals, medium sized mammals and large mammals small-sized mammal, medium-sized mammal, large-sized mammal In lagomorphs (eg rabbits Mongolia) prevail, size less than or equal lagomorphs mammal for small mammals Objects, including rodent, hedgehog-shaped head, soricomorpha, Scandentia mesh, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, part Carnivora, Primates lorisidae Animals; to canids (such as wolves), primates (eg cynomolgus), cloven-hoofed animals (such as musk deer) prevail, larger than the size Lagomorphs, less than or equal to the wolves, monkeys, musk for medium-sized mammals; size greater than wolves, monkeys, musk for large mammal. 3.2 Line transect line transect method Refers to the observer at the observation plots along the selected route within the record information related species occur within a certain range of space method. 3.3 Sample sampling point It refers to the site as a center, a radius or a mammal observation area. 3.4 Overall count total count method It refers to the observer by the naked eye or binoculars and other equipment for the entire observation region appearing large, medium-sized mammal individuals Full count method. 3.5 Sampling methods quadrat sampling method It refers to the observer at a set quadrats count to see animals entity or activity traces observation method. 3.6 Mark recapture method mark-recapture method Refers to an observer within the area of well-defined, captures a certain number of individual animals are marked, and the mark after When back, after an appropriate period (mark the individual and the individual unlabeled mixed distribution), and then re-capture and calculate The number of population methods. 3.7 Index estimation indice estimation method Refers to the observer through indirect statistical indicators, and between these indicators based on the number of target animal populations Species richness and population dynamics of the relationship between the method of estimation. 3.8 Traces counting trace counting method Refers to the viewer for a number of observations is not easy to capture or mammal, with its legacy of living and easy identification Moving traces speculated mammalian species, estimated numbers of a method of its population. 3.9 Dunghill counting dunghill counting method Refers to the observer by counting within a certain range, the number of medium-sized mammals dunghill left its population was estimated A method. 3.10 Infrared camera automatically shoot camera trapping method method Refers to the observer using an infrared sensor automatic camera automatically records the images of animals within its sensing range of activities observed method. 3.11 Non-invasive sampling method noninvasive sampling method It refers to the observer without touch or harm mammal itself by collecting their hair off, legacy Feces, urine, food residues or other appendages, etc., to observe, detect individual or sampling of individuals physiological state.4 observations principle4.1 Scientific Principles Clear observation objective observation plots and observing the object should be representative, can fully reflect the observation area within a mammal Overall state of biodiversity and communities; should adopt a unified, standardized methods of observation, the mammal population dynamics into Line long-term observations. Methods of observation and observation results should reproducible. 4.2 operability principles Observing programs should be considered owned by the human, financial and logistical support and other conditions, the observation plots should have some traffic stripe Members and working conditions. Should be based on systematic investigation, take full account of the status quo mammal resources, conservation status and observation target And other factors to select the appropriate observation area and observation objects, high efficiency, low-cost methods of observation. 4.3 Principles of sustainability Observations should meet the needs of biodiversity conservation and management, and can effectively guide biodiversity conservation and management Management. Observing objects, observation plots, methods of observation, observation time and frequency, once established, should remain fixed long-term, can not follow Changes meaning. 4.4 Principle of protection Maximize the use of non-invasive sampling method, to avoid frequent observation unscientific. To capture the national key protected wild animals Sampling or mark must obtain administrative permission of relevant authorities. 4.5 Security Principles In the capture, processing potential foci of animals, according to relevant provisions of the quarantine process. Observations have some field work Characteristics, the observer should receive professional training, good protective measures.5 Methods of Observation5.1 Observations ready 5.1.1 determine observation target To master the observation target species of mammals in the region of composition, distribution and population dynamics, and to evaluate the quality of its habitat; Or assess the impact of various threats to mammals; or mammal protection measures and analysis of the effectiveness of policies, And proposed adaptive management measures. In determining the observation target should be clear after the observation area. 5.1.2 Identify and understand the observed objects Select the observation target groups should generally have different ecological requirements and life history of. In considering the observed species diversity At the same time, important considerations. a) threatened species of national key protected species and endemic species; b) The State protects the beneficial or of important economic or research value species; c) the maintenance of ecosystem structure and processes play an important role in species; d) on the environment or climate change sensitive species. Observations should be fully informed before the ecology and behavior of the observed objects especially Levy, if necessary observing objects can survey a small area, while understanding the natural and socio-economic state of the observation area condition. 5.1.3 proposed observation program Observations plan should include. sample plots, plots/transects set, field observation method, observation and content indicators observed Time and frequency, data analysis and reporting, quality control and safety management. 5.1.4 observation equipment and instruments According to the requirements of the observation of objects and methods of observation, select the appropriate observation equipment and instruments. Generally including maps, global Positioning System (GPS) locator, radio, satellite phones, binoculars, cameras, infrared-triggered cameras, night vision Instrument, cameras, tape recorders, range finder, goniometer, long tape measure, steel tape measure, ruler, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Sample collection tools, recording sheet and the necessary protective equipment and medicines field. 5.2 observation plots determined 5.2.1 According to the biological and ecological characteristics and observations observation target object, the establishment of plots within the observation area. 5.2.2 Number of plots shall comply with the requirements of statistics, taking into account the human, financial and other factors. 5.2.3 plot extraction using simple random sampling, systematic sampling or stratified random sampling method. 5.2.4 Stratified random sampling should be based on the type of habitat, climate, altitude, land use type or species richness, etc. Factors stratified. 5.3 overall count 5.3.1 The overall counting method including direct counting and aerial surveys method. 5.3.2 Direct counting method. The observation area is divided into a plurality of sub-regions, direct observation by the naked eye or binoculars, respectively EC Count each sub-region within a mammalian individual number, each sub-region obtained by adding the number of individual mammal mammals entire region The number of individual objects. This method is suitable for medium-sized ungulates steppe, desert, snowy and woodland areas or relative Forest-dwelling fixed duration of stay and habitats ungulates, such as blue sheep, deer, caribou and the like. 5.3.3 The aviation investigation. The use of aircraft and other aviation equipment overall counting method, suitable for grassland, woodland or shrub Forest large mammal observation. 5.4 sampling method 5.4.1 The sampling method is the basic method of observing biodiversity for population density forest, grassland and desert mammals Investigation. 5.4.2 The observation plot is divided into several plots in the same area. Quadrat generally set square. Statistics animals entity, Quadrat general area of 500 × 500 m2 about; when using animal activity traces (such as feces, lying tracks, footprints chain, traces of urine, etc.) When statistics, quadrat area should not be less than 50 × 50 m2. Small terrestrial mammal observation can be set 100 × 100 m2 Plots. Positioning with GPS locator plots coordinates. 5.4.3 random a certain number of observation plots and statistics on the number of objects extracted plots within plots should cover not Same habitat type, and each habitat type at least seven plots, plots should be spaced between 0.5 km and above. Small terrestrial Mammal can clip Japanese law or pitfall traps in the plots of species and the number of individuals, each habitat type at least 500 A clip day. Bats in the cave type used in the netting method survey quadrats species and number of individuals, or evening use in the hole Direct counting method the number of species and individual survey flying from the cave; for arboreal bats, bat mist nets or harp Net placed in the forest tract and other flight activities channel capture and count the number of species and individuals. Observed mammal photographed, Facilitate species identification. Plots density and average population density 5.4.4 according to formula (1) (2) and calculated respectively. li nd = (1) = Σ (2) Where. l the number of individual species within nli-- plots i records; s-- quadrat area; Di-- density plots of the first i only/m2 (i = 1,2,3Np); Np-- sample Total square; L Dl-- population density of species, only/m2. 5.4.5 kind of method is suitable for mountain cutting intense, complex terrain, special places difficult continuous walking. Kind of ways to In cloven-hoofed observation as musk deer, red deer, roe deer, deer, moose, mule deer, wild boar and small terrestrial mammals like. 5.5 variable distance line transect method (linear intercept method) 5.5.1 variable distance line transect method (linear intercept method) suitable for desert, grassland and other open habitats survey population density mammals. 5.5.2 set the number of transects in the selected plots along the paths, trails and other. Transects should cover all plots within the habitat types, Each habitat type at least two sample lines. Each sample length in 1 ~ 5 km, in the grasslands, deserts and other open space observation When medium-sized mammals, like the length of the line in 5 km or more. 5.5.3 selected sample lines, with a GPS locator location coordinates, in 1. 50000 map marked transect line. 5.5.4 In sunny, little wind weather conditions, along transects on foot, by car or riding uniform forward. A walking speed Generally from 2 ~ 3 km/h; in the steppe, desert and other open space, the viewer can take off-road jeep, speed 10 ~ 30 km/h, You can also riding forward at a speed of 6 km/h. Front and both sides of the recording of the observer can see the number of animals (including line transect should pre Entity or activity traces predetermined width outside), rangefinder measuring animal and the observer distance measuring animal goniometer The angle between the forward direction of the observer to calculate vertical distance and the animal-like lines (type 3), and traces of animal activity or measure The vertical distance between sample line (record form in Appendix A, Table habitat types see Appendix B). Avoid duplicate records or omission. Mammal observation encountered photographed so as to species identification. xi = yi sinθ (3) Where. yi-- Animal observer from a distance; θ-- animals and the way forward observer angle. 2 to 3 groups of observations 5.5.5 when appropriate. Every time a person is best not to participate in observing changes, such as when at least can not be the same 1 person attended before key members of observation, and should have at least one professional. 5.5.6 When mammals found nothing to do with the probability of an individual to the line transect distance, population density (Di) according to equation (4) calculations. ( 1) ND LW - = (4) Where. NI-- like the number of individuals on both sides of the line to the observed; L-- sample length; Sample line from the center of the i-th individual to xi--; W - the average distance to the individual sample line center. IN == 5.5.7 variable distance line transect should meet the following basic requirements. a) found that online observation target sample rate of 1; b) not far from the objective observation or near neutral observer in the measurement process; c) can accurately measure the vertical distance from the observer to the target line transect center line; d) the probability of observing the target was found regardless of their body size; e) observation of a particular target does not affect the probability of observing other targets; f) number of targets to be observed in general less than 40. 5.6 Fixed-width line transect 5.6.1 Fixed-width transect method is suitable for the investigation of mammal population density open habitats in desert and grassland. 5.6.2 Fixed width difference and a variable distance line transect line transect that the former fixed width record only when observing a sample line The number of individuals within a given width, measure the distance without a mammal-like line, but must be pre-survey to determine the appropriate sample line Width, to ensure that all individuals within the sample lines were found. Fixed-width transect method can be used for musk deer, deer and other cloven-hoofed animals Observation and cats. 5.6.3 Sample line width should be considered to determine the scope of activities of a mammal, landscape, transparency and vehicles and other factors. In the forest is generally 5 ~ 50 m, in the steppe and desert for 500 ~ 1000 m. Population density (Di) observation target within 5.6.4 Fixed width according to formula (5) calculation. ND LW = (5) Where. L-- sample length; W-- kind of unilateral line width; Number of individual animals within Ni-- transect observed. 5.7 mark-recapture method 5.7.1 mark-recapture method is suitable for studying the population dynamics of small terrestrial mammals. Markers and labeling methods 5.7.2 mark-recapture method should not harm the animal body; marked not too eye-catching; superscript Note should be durable enough to maintain the entire observation period (see table records Appendix C). 5.7.3 single mark-recapture method. Refers to the estimated number of target animal populations in accordance with the second catch is marked proportion of individuals The amount of capture-recapture method. Population size N and variance Vn target animal according to equation (6) and (7) were calculated. ) 1) (1 (- nMN (6) ) 2 () 1 ( )) () (1) (1 ( - = mm mnmMnMVn (7) Where. N-- population number of individuals; n-- second to capture the number of individuals; M-- number of individuals marked the first release; m - n is the number of marked individuals. 5.7.4 single premise mark-recapture method on the assumption that. the target animal population is closed, that no individual immigration or emigration; All animals are equal capture rate; catch rates do not affect whether the animal tag; tag will not be lost, sampling is Random. Practical application, if the individuals affected by catch rates were significantly different, the data can be disaggregated by sex and age group basis, To reduce errors. 5.7.5 Population open multiple mark-recapture method. Assumption of this approach is that any individual in the population has a sampling phase of i By the same catch rate; thereafter all marked individuals have the same survival rate; sampling must be instantaneous, immediate release of the individual. In the population time n......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of HJ 710.3-2014_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate HJ 710.3-2014_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of HJ 710.3-2014_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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