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GB/T 5161-2025: Metallic powder - Determination of effective density - Liquid immersion method
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Std ID	Version	USD	Buy	Deliver [PDF] in	Title (Description)
GB/T 5161-2025	English	219	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Metallic powder - Determination of effective density - Liquid immersion method
GB/T 5161-2014	English	209	Add to Cart	3 days [Need to translate]	Metallic powders -- Determination of effective density -- Liquid immersion method
GB/T 5161-1985	English	199	Add to Cart	2 days [Need to translate]	Metallic powders--Determination of effective density--Liquid immersion method

GB/T 5161-2025: Metallic powder - Determination of effective density - Liquid immersion method

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ICS 77.160 CCSH21 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Replaces GB/T 5161-2014 Determination of effective density of metal powder Liquid impregnation method Published on 2025-08-29 Implemented on 2026-03-01 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document replaces GB/T 5161-2014 "Determination of Effective Density of Metal Powders by Liquid Immersion Method", and is consistent with GB/T 5161-2014. In comparison, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) The scope of application has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the.2014 edition); b) Change "in a vacuum environment" to "using vacuum degassing or ultrasonic bath" (see Chapter 4, Chapter 2 of the.2014 edition); c) The section on "Test Preparation" (see Chapter 5 in the.2014 edition) has been removed; d) Requirements for the "impregnation solution" have been added (see Chapter 5); e) Added "vacuum pump" and "ultrasonic cleaner" (see 6.3, 6.7), and changed "vacuum degree measuring instrument" to "vacuum gauge" (see 6.4). (2014 version 4.3); f) Added "samples" (see Chapter 7); g) Added "Test Conditions" (see Chapter 8); h) Added "sample" and "parallel test" (see 9.1, 9.2), and added ultrasonic bath degassing method (see 9.3.2 Method 2); i) Change "Calculation" to "Experimental Data Processing" and add "The calculation result is displayed to two decimal places, and the numerical value is rounded according to..." The description of "conducting in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8170" (see Chapter 10, Chapter 7 of the.2014 edition); j) Added "relative error" (see Chapter 11); k) The density values for some deaerated distilled water in Appendix B have been changed (see Appendix B, Appendix B of the.2014 edition). Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association. This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Nonferrous Metals (SAC/TC243). This document was drafted by. Guangdong Academy of Sciences Institute of New Materials, China Iron & Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd., and Xi'an Ouzhong Materials Technology Co., Ltd. Limited Company, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Industrial Analysis and Testing Center, Central South University, Beijing Steel Research Institute Gaona Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yatong New Materials Joint-stock limited company. The main drafters of this document are. Wang Juan, Zheng Zhibin, Tan Lixin, Lu Jianning, Liu Yanning, Wu Chaoqun, Zhang Shulan, Ling Jirong, Zeng Jie, and Xin Lin. Kang Lu, Qu Jinglong, Jia Jian, Zhang Lingling, Wang Shuai. This document was first published in 1985, revised for the first time in.2014, and this is the second revision. Determination of effective density of metal powder Liquid impregnation method 1.Scope This document describes a method for determining the effective density of metal powders using the specific gravity bottle method. This document applies to the determination of the effective density of metal powders. Other sintered metal materials (limited to particles or components without closed pores) are also included. For reference in the determination of true density.

2 Normative references

The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included. For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document. GB/T 8170 Rules for rounding off numerical values and the representation and determination of limiting values 3.Terms and Definitions The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 The volume occupied by powder particles after removing the volume of all open pores. 3.2 The mass of the powder is divided by the effective volume of the powder. Note. When closed pores exist in the particles, the closed pores are considered as part of the volume of a single particle. 3.3 pycnometry (specific gravity bottle method) A method of determining the effective density of powders or granules using a specific gravity bottle. Note. This is a type of liquid impregnation method. 4.Principles The metal powder sample is placed in a specific gravity bottle with known mass and volume, a liquid medium is added, and the liquid is degassed using a vacuum degassing method or an ultrasonic bath. The medium fully penetrates the open pores of the powder particles. Based on Archimedes' principle, the effective volume of the powder is measured, and thus the unit volume is calculated. The mass of the powder is its effective density. 5.Reagents or materials A liquid with good wettability and low volatility under vacuum should be selected. The impregnation solution should not chemically react with the sample or dissolve it. Products. Xylene, degassed distilled water, ethanol, etc. can be selected as impregnation solutions. 6.Instruments and Equipment 6.1 Specific Gravity Bottle A glass specific gravity bottle is recommended, such as the Gay-Lussac glass specific gravity bottle with a volume of 25 mL as specified in GB/T 21785. Or 50mL, see Figure 1 for a schematic diagram of a glass specific gravity bottle. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a glass specific gravity bottle 6.2 Vacuum Degassing Device The vacuum degassing device should be large enough to accommodate a specific gravity bottle, allowing for clear observation of the sample inside. This device should be compatible with a vacuum pump. Connect the components to create a vacuum environment for the specific gravity bottle, as shown in Figure A.1 of Appendix A. 6.3 Vacuum Pump The vacuum level can reach 666.5 Pa (5 mmHg). 6.4 Vacuum Gauge The measurement range is 0 kPa to 26.66 kPa (0 mmHg to.200 mmHg). 6.5 balance The graduation value is 0.0001g. 6.6 Thermometer The graduation value shall not be less than 0.1℃. 6.7 Ultrasonic Cleaner An ultrasonic cleaner should be able to allow the gas adsorbed by the sample to escape without shattering the sample due to excessive power.

7 samples

The sample should be in powder form. It should be dried in an oven at 100℃~105℃ to constant weight and then cooled to room temperature in a dry container. Use. When the sample is unstable at the drying temperature, vacuum drying should be performed. 8.Test conditions The ambient temperature should be between 15℃ and 30℃, and the fluctuation of the test temperature in sections 9.3.3.2 to 9.3.3.4 should be controlled within ±1℃. 9.Experimental Procedure 9.1 Samples Weigh a certain amount of sample, accurate to 0.0001g. The amount of sample required for a single specific gravity bottle test is about 1/3 of the bottle's volume. 9.2 Parallel Tests Perform two parallel experiments and take the average value. 9.3 Measurement 9.3.1 Determination of the mass of a specific gravity bottle 9.3.1.1 Wash the specific gravity bottle (6.1), dry it thoroughly, weigh it, and record it as mp1, accurate to 0.0001g. 9.3.1.2 Put the sample (9.1) into a specific gravity bottle, weigh it, and record the weight as mp2. 9.3.2 Degassing Slowly add the impregnation solution to the specific gravity bottle (9.3.1.2) until the liquid level exceeds the sample level. Prevent splashing of the sample when adding the impregnation solution. Use the following two methods to remove gas. ---Method 1.Place the specific gravity bottle containing the sample and impregnation liquid into the vacuum degassing device (6.2) for degassing. When the pressure reaches 13.33 kPa... (100 mmHg) Stop degassing when no more bubbles overflow from the specific gravity bottle and return to normal pressure. During degassing, the pressure should be reduced slowly to allow the immersion to settle. The liquid should not boil, and the sample should not splash out of the bottle. ---Method 2.Place the specific gravity bottle containing the sample and impregnation solution into an ultrasonic cleaner (6.7) for ultrasonic bath until no more bubbles overflow. A small amount of surfactant can be added to the impregnation solution to reduce surface tension. 9.3.3 Determination of the volume of the specific gravity bottle and the effective density of the impregnating liquid 9.3.3.1 Remove the specific gravity bottle (9.3.2) and let it stand for a period of time to allow the temperature of the impregnation solution to return to room temperature. Record the temperature after thermal equilibrium is reached. 9.3.3.2 Fill the specific gravity bottle with the impregnation solution (9.3.3.1) (ensure the cap tube is also filled with liquid), weigh it, and record the weight as mp3.(Specific gravity bottle method) The intention is shown in Figure A.2. 9.3.3.3 Remove the sample and impregnation solution from the specific gravity bottle (9.3.3.2). Wash and dry the specific gravity bottle, then pour in unused impregnation solution. The liquid is allowed to permeate until the thin tube in the bottle cap is also filled with liquid. The weight is recorded as mp4. 9.3.3.4 Measuring the effective density of the impregnation solution using the specific gravity bottle method. Fill the bottle with degassed distilled water of known density (see Appendix B) at the test temperature. The specific gravity bottle is weighed and denoted as mw. The volume V0 of the specific gravity bottle is calculated according to formula (1). V0= mw-mp1 ρw (1) ...