GB/T 39809-2021 English PDF

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GB/T 39809-2021: Measuring method of the energy consumption of flat glass furnace
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Basic data

Standard ID: GB/T 39809-2021 (GB/T39809-2021)
Description (Translated English): Measuring method of the energy consumption of flat glass furnace
Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard: Q30
Word Count Estimation: 22,215
Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 39809-2021: Measuring method of the energy consumption of flat glass furnace

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Measuring method of the energy consumption of flat glass furnace ICS 81.100 Q30 National Standards of People's Republic of China Method for measuring energy consumption of plate glass furnace Released on 2021-03-09 2022-02-01 implementation State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee Method for measuring energy consumption of plate glass furnace

1 Scope

This standard specifies the measurement range, measurement method and measurement report of the energy consumption of flat glass furnaces. This standard applies to the determination of energy consumption of flat glass furnaces. This standard does not apply to the determination of energy consumption in all-electric furnaces.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T 1216 outside micrometer GB/T 1598 platinum rhodium 10-platinum thermocouple wire, platinum rhodium 13-platinum thermocouple wire, platinum rhodium 30-platinum rhodium 6 thermocouple wire GB/T 15764 Terminology for flat glass GB/T 16839.1 Thermocouple Part 1.Electromotive Force Specification and Tolerance GB/T 24851 Requirements for the equipment and management of energy measuring instruments in the building materials industry JC/T 648 Flat glass mixture QB/T 2443 Steel tape measure

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15764 apply to this document. 3.1 Energyconsumptionoffurnace The energy consumed per kilogram of molten glass by the furnace during the measurement period.

4 Measurement method

4.1 Direct method The direct method is to calculate the energy consumption of the kiln based on the consumption of fuel, the heating value and the electricity consumed by the electric booster. In fuel consumption and fuel calorific value The direct method is used in certain cases. 4.2 Indirect method The indirect method is to calculate the energy consumption of the kiln by measuring the heat balance of the kiln system. When fuel consumption or fuel calorific value cannot be accurately determined Under the circumstances, the indirect method should be used.

5 Measurement and calculation of direct method

5.1 Testing period and requirements The measurement period is the actual statistical period, and the measurement requirement is continuous and stable production of the furnace. 5.2 Measurement of fuel consumption and calorific value (low calorific value) 5.2.1 Determination of fuel consumption The amount measured by the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument meets the requirements of GB/T 24851. 5.2.2 Determination of calorific value The value on the test report issued by a correspondingly qualified testing organization should be preferred, and the value published by the country can also be used (see Appendix A). 5.3 Determination of electric boosting heat The electricity consumption is determined according to the reading of the electric meter, converted into energy according to the coefficient of electricity converted into standard coal, and calculated according to formula (1). Qd=W ×A×29271.2 (1) Where. Qd---Electric boosting heat, in kilojoules (kJ); W --- Electricity consumption, in kilowatt hours (kWh); A ---The coefficient of power conversion into standard coal, which is 0.1229kgce/(kW·h). 5.4 Determination of the quality of molten glass Take the quality of the molten glass obtained by statistics during the measurement period. 5.5 Calculation method Take the fuel consumption, calorific value, electricity and glass liquid quality during the measurement period, and calculate the energy consumption according to formula (2). E=(mr×Qdw Qd)/mb (2) Where. E --- Kiln energy consumption, in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg); mr --- fuel consumption, in kilograms (kg); Qd --- Electric boosting heat, in kilojoules (kJ); Qdw---low fuel calorific value, in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg); mb---the mass of molten glass in kilograms (kg).

6 Measurement and calculation of indirect method

6.1 Measuring principle of indirect method According to the principle of energy balance, by measuring the total energy of the output system, the total energy of the input system is obtained. Kiln system energy balance frame The figure is shown in Figure 1. 6.6.1.2 Determination of the temperature of the liquid glass in the system At the entrance of the kiln flow channel, use the corundum protection sleeve single platinum rhodium thermocouple and the temperature display instrument combination thermocouple thermometer to measure, the temperature sensing part The depth of the sub-insertion into the molten glass should not be less than 50mm. The single platinum and rhodium thermocouple meets the technical requirements specified in GB/T 1598, and the accuracy is level I. The tolerance of the galvanic couple meets the requirements of GB/T 16839.1. 6.6.1.3 Determination of the quality of molten glass Use a steel tape to measure the width of the original glass plate, and use an outside micrometer to measure the thickness of the original glass plate. Steel tape measure conforms to QB/T 2443 Degree, outer diameter micrometer conforms to GB/T 1216, the graduation value is 0.01mm. Calculate the quality of molten glass according to formula (3). mb=Vb×Bb×hb×ρ (3) Where. mb---the mass of molten glass in kilograms per hour (kg/h); Vb --- the pulling speed of the glass sheet, in meters per hour (m/h); Bb --- the width of the original glass plate, in meters (m); hb --- the thickness of the glass plate, in meters (m); ρ ---Glass density, the unit is kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3). 6.6.1.4 Calculation method Calculate the sensible heat brought by the molten glass according to formula (4). Qbx=mb×cbc×tbc (4) Where. Qbx---The molten glass brings out the sensible heat Qbx, in kilojoules per hour (kJ/h); mb---the mass of molten glass in kilograms per hour (kg/h); cbc --- The average specific heat capacity of molten glass at 0~tbc, in kilojoules per kilogram degrees Celsius [kJ/(kg·℃)], see calculation method Appendix B; tbc --- the temperature of the molten glass in the system, in degrees Celsius (°C). 6.6.2 Determination of latent heat from molten glass 6.6.2.1 Measurement parameters The quality of the molten glass and the water content per kilogram of the batch. 6.6.2.2 Determination of the quality of molten glass Same as 6.6.1.3. 6.6.2.3 Determination of water content per kilogram of batch Take a sample and measure at the feed opening of the raw material mixer, and measure it in accordance with JC/T 648, measure it three times a day, and take the average. 6.6.2.4 Calculation method According to formula (5), calculate the latent heat of molten glass. Qbq=mb×[Kbf∑ i=1 qiKhi 347×Kbf× 1-Kfq() 2491×Kbf×KH2O] (5) 6.6.5 Determination of the sensible heat of the overflow gas from the orifice 6.6.5.1 Measurement parameters The temperature and composition of the orifice overflow gas, and the static pressure difference between the inside and outside of the orifice gas. 6.6.5.2 Measurement of gas temperature and composition The gas temperature is measured with a thermocouple thermometer combined with a corundum protection sleeve single platinum rhodium thermocouple and a temperature display instrument, and the accuracy is shown in 6.6.1.2. Use Austrian gas analyzer or other equivalent instruments to determine the composition of O2, CO, and CO2; use constant-potential electrolysis or non-dispersion A portable gas analyzer for testing based on the principle of the infrared method to determine the NOx composition; using the conductivity method, constant potential electrolysis method, and non-fractional A portable gas analyzer for testing based on the principle of diffuse infrared method to determine the SO2 composition. 6.6.5.3 Measurement of static pressure difference between inside and outside of gas Use U-tube pressure gauge or digital pressure gauge and Pitot tube to measure. When measuring, the pressure measuring tube and the airflow direction should be kept perpendicular to avoid turbulence and The effect of air leakage. The minimum graduation value of the U-tube pressure gauge should not be greater than 10Pa, and the accuracy grade of the digital pressure gauge should not be less than 1%. 6.6.5.4 Calculation method The sensible heat of the orifice overflow gas is calculated according to formula (12). Qky=∑ i=1 Vyi×cyi×tyi() (12) Where. Qky---the sensible heat of the orifice overflow gas, in kilojoules per hour (kJ/h); Vyi---the amount of gas overflowing from the orifice, in cubic meters per hour (m3/h), calculated according to formula (13); cyi --- The average specific heat capacity of the orifice overflow gas at 0~tyi℃, in kilojoules per cubic meter Celsius [kJ/(m3·℃)], press Formula (14) calculation; tyi --- orifice overflow gas temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃). Vyi=±3600×Ski×ui× 2× Δpki × p Δpki()×273 ρ0×101325× tyi 273() (13) Where. Ski --- the area of the i-th orifice of the kiln body, in square meters (m2); ui --- the overflow coefficient of the orifice, When δ≥3.5de, ui=0.82; When δ< 3.5de, ui=0.62; δ --- the thickness of the kiln wall at the overflow orifice, in meters (m); de --- The equivalent diameter of the overflow orifice, in meters (m); Δpki --- the static pressure difference between inside and outside the orifice, in Pa (Pa); when Δpki is positive, Vyi takes a positive value; when Δpki is negative, Vyi takes Negative value; p ---Atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa (Pa); ρ0 ---The density of the gas in the standard state, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3), calculated according to formula (15); tyi --- orifice overflow gas temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃). cyi=0.01∑Xicpi (14) Where. Xi --- the content of each component in the gas (volume fraction), %; cpi --- The average constant pressure specific heat capacity of the i-th component in the gas, in kilojoules per cubic meter Celsius [kJ/(m3·℃)], see Appendix C Table C.1, Table C.2. ρ0=0.01∑Xiρ0i (15) Where. Xi --- the content of each component in the gas (volume fraction), %; ρ0i --- The density of each component in the gas under standard conditions, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). 6.6.6 Determination of heat taken by cooling water 6.6.6.1 Measurement parameters The flow of cooling water, the temperature of cooling water in and out. 6.6.6.2 Measurement of cooling water flow Use a portable ultrasonic flowmeter to measure or install a water meter on the water inlet pipe. The accuracy level of the portable ultrasonic flowmeter should not be low Below 1%, the accuracy grade of the water flow meter (water meter) should not be less than 1%. The installation and measurement points of the portable ultrasonic flowmeter should meet the following requirements. ---Select a pipe section filled with fluid that is uniform and dense, and is easy to transmit ultrasonic waves. ---The installation distance should be greater than 10 times the straight pipe diameter in the upstream and 5 times the straight pipe diameter in the downstream without any valves, elbows, reduced diameters, etc. Uniform straight pipe section. 6.6.6.3 Determination of cooling water temperature Use a glass thermometer to directly measure the temperature of the cooling water in and out. 6.6.6.4 Calculation method The heat carried by the cooling water is calculated according to formula (16). Qls=4.1868×mls×(t'ls-tls) (16) Where. Qls---cooling water brings out heat, in kilojoules per hour (kJ/h); mls-the amount of cooling water entering and leaving the system, in kilograms per hour (kg/h); t'ls---The temperature of the cooling water when exiting the system, in degrees Celsius (°C); tls --- The temperature of the cooling water when entering the system, in degrees Celsius (°C). 6.6.7 Determination of the heat carried by the cooling air 6.6.7.1 Measurement parameters The cross-sectional area, dynamic pressure, static pressure, gas velocity of the flow section, the temperature of the cooling air before blowing to the kiln, and the temperature of the reflected air after blowing to the kiln. 6.6.7.2 Measurement of cooling air dynamic pressure, static pressure, flow velocity and cross-sectional area The measurement parameters, instruments and instrument accuracy are shown in Table 3. Parallel to the gas flow direction in the pipeline, the maximum allowable deviation angle shall not be greater than 10°. 6.6.7.3 Measurement of cooling air temperature The temperature of the cooling air before blowing to the kiln is measured at the inlet of the fan with a glass thermometer with the smallest division value not greater than 1℃, after blowing to the kiln. The reflected air temperature is measured at the cooling air nozzle with an exhaust thermocouple, and the displayed error value of the exhaust thermocouple should not exceed ±3℃. 6.6.7.4 Calculation method Measure with Pitot tube and calculate the cooling air flow according to formula (17). Vlf=3600×Sd×Kd i=1 Δpi n × 2× p pj()×273 ρ0×101325× 273 tq() (17) Where. Vlf --- cooling air volume, in cubic meters per hour (m3/h); Sd --- the area of the flow cross section, in square meters (m2); Kd --- Pitot tube correction factor; Δpi---the dynamic pressure value of the i-th point in the flow section, in Pa (Pa); n --- the number of measuring points in the flow section; p ---Atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa (Pa); pj --- the static pressure in the flow section, in Pa (Pa); ρ0 ---The density of the gas in the standard state, in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3); tq --- The average temperature of the gas in the flow section, in degrees Celsius (°C). Measure with a hot ball anemometer, and calculate the cooling air flow according to formula (18). Vlf=3600× i=1 ωi n × 273 tk× p pj 101325×Sd (18) Where. Vlf---cooling air volume, in cubic meters per hour (m3/h); ωi---the gas velocity at the i-th point in the flow section, in meters per second (m/s); n --- the number of measuring points in the flow section; tk --- The average temperature of the gas in the flow section, in degrees Celsius (°C); p ---Atmospheric pressure, the unit is Pa (Pa); pj---static pressure in the flow section, in Pa (Pa); Sd---The area of the flow cross section, in square meters (m2). The heat carried by the cooling air is calculated according to formula (19). Qlf=Vlf×(c'lf×t'lf-clf×tlf) (19) Where. Qlf---cooling air brings out heat, in kilojoules per hour (kJ/h); Vlf---cooling air volume, in cubic meters per hour (m2/h); c'lf---0~t'lf average specific heat capacity of cooling air, in kilojoules per cubic meter Celsius [kJ/(m3·℃)], refer to Appendix C Table C.1; t'lf---Reflected wind temperature after blowing to the kiln body, in degrees Celsius (℃); clf---0~tlf The average specific heat capacity of the cooling air, in kilojoules per cubic meter Celsius [kJ/(m3·℃)], refer to Appendix C, Table C.1; tlf --- The temperature of the cooling air blowing to the kiln body, in degrees Celsius (°C). ......

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