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Insulation co-ordination - Part 12: Application guidelines for LCC HVDC converter stations
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Basic data
| Standard ID | GB/T 311.12-2025 (GB/T311.12-2025) |
| Description (Translated English) | Insulation co-ordination - Part 12: Application guidelines for LCC HVDC converter stations |
| Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) |
| Classification of Chinese Standard | C60 |
| Classification of International Standard | 29.080 |
| Word Count Estimation | 86,841 |
| Date of Issue | 2025-10-05 |
| Date of Implementation | 2026-05-01 |
| Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation and Standardization Administration of China |
GB/T 311.12-2025: Insulation co-ordination - Part 12: Application guidelines for LCC HVDC converter stations
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 29.080
CCSK40
National Standards of the People's Republic of China
Insulation Coordination Part 12.High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station
(LCC) Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines
(IEC 60071-12.2022, MOD)
Published on 2025-10-05
Implemented on May 1, 2026
State Administration for Market Regulation
The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement.
Table of contents
Preface V
Introduction VI
1.Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
3.Terms, Definitions, Symbols, and Abbreviations 1
3.1 Terms and Definitions 1
3.2 Symbols and Abbreviations 2
4.Typical layout diagram of a high-voltage direct current converter station 3.
5.Operating voltage and overvoltage
5.1 Continuous operating voltage at different locations of the converter station 5
5.2 Maximum Peak Continuous Operating Voltage (PCOV) and Peak Continuous Operating Voltage (CCOV) 9
5.3 Sources and types of overvoltage 11
5.4 Temporary and Resonant Overvoltages 11
5.5 Soft wave front overvoltage 13
5.6 Overvoltages of fast wavefront, ultra-fast wavefront, and steep wavefront 15
6.Surge Arrester Characteristics and Stress 16
6.1 Surge Arrester Characteristics 16
6.2 Surge Arrester Standard 16
6.3 Surge arrester stress 18
6.4 Protection Strategy 29
6.5 Summary of Fault Events and Surge Arrester Stress 32
7.Insulation Coordination Calculation Program 34
7.1 Overview 34
7.2 Surge arrester requirements 34
7.3 Representative Overvoltage (Urp) 34
7.4 Determination of the withstand voltage (Ucw) 34
7.5 Determination of required withstand voltage (Urw) 35
7.6 Determination of the specified withstand voltage (Uw) 35
8 Research Tools and System Models 38
8.1 Overview 38
8.2 Research Methods and Tools 38
8.3 System Model 39
Appendix A (Informative) Comparison of this document's structural designations with those of IEC 60071-12.2022 43
Appendix B (Informative) Technical Differences Between This Document and IEC 60071-12.2022 and Their Reasons 46
Appendix C (Informative) Example of Insulation Coordination for LCC High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station 49
C.1 Overview 49
C.2 Example of an LCCCVDC converter station with a single-pole single-12-pulse converter 49
C.3 Example of an LCCCVDC converter station with a single-pole dual 12-pulse converter 57
Appendix D (Informative) Example of Insulation Coordination for Back-to-Back DC Converter Stations 66
D.1 Overview 66
D.2 DC System Parameters 66
D.3 Arrangement and parameters of surge arresters 68
D.4 Overvoltage and its protection 70
D.5 Protection level and insulation level 72
D.6 Air gap 73
D.7 Determine the minimum voltage for creepage distance 74
D.8 Shielding of switch field 74
References 76
Figure 1.Possible surge arrester arrangement for a high-voltage direct current converter station employing a single-pole dual 12-pulse converter unit series structure.
Figure 2.Possible surge arrester arrangements in back-to-back converter stations.
Figure 3.Possible surge arrester arrangement for a single-pole HVDC converter station using a single 12-pulse converter unit.
Figure 4.Continuous operating voltage waveforms at various node locations of a single-pole HVDC converter station employing a single 12-pulse converter unit.
Figure 5.Operating voltage 10 on the valve and valve arrester (V) during rectification mode operation.
Figure 6.Operating voltage of the converter midpoint surge arrester (M) during rectification mode operation.
Figure 7.Operating voltage of the DC bus surge arrester (CB) of the converter during rectification mode.
Figure 8.Effect of AC-side phase-to-phase slow-wave front overvoltage on V3 surge arrester 22
Figure 9.Single-pole structure diagram of a high-voltage direct current converter station.
Figure C.1 Schematic diagram of surge arrester arrangement in an LCCHVDC converter station using a single 12-pulse converter unit. 55
Figure C.2 Stress of valve arrester for AC side slow-wave front overvoltage 56
Figure C.3 Stress V2 of valve arrester for AC side slow-wave front overvoltage 56
Figure C.4 Schematic diagram of valve surge arrester during grounding fault between valve and high-end converter transformer bushing 57
Figure C.5 Stress of valve arrester V1 during grounding fault between valve and high-end converter transformer bushing (57°C)
Figure C.6 LCC High Voltage Converter Station AC/DC Surge Arresters (Single-Pole Dual 12-Pulse Converter) 65
Figure D.1 Scheme for surge arrester arrangement of back-to-back converter stations 66
Figure D.2 Typical surge arrester curve 69
Figure D.3 Air gap marking 73
Table 1.Symbol Explanation 5
Table 2 DC-side surge arrester protection. Single 12-pulse converter (see Figure 3) 30
Table 3 DC Side Surge Arrester Protection. Dual 12 Pulsating Converter (See Figure 1) 31
Table 4.Surge arresters that will operate under different fault events. Single 12-pulse converter (see Figure 3) 33
Table 5.Surge arrester stress under different fault events. Single 12-pulsating converter (see Figure 3) 33
Table 6 Surge Arrester Requirements 36
Table 7 Representative Overvoltages and Required Withstand Voltage Levels 37
Table A.1 Comparison of this document's structural number with IEC 60071-12.2022 43
Table B.1 Main technical differences between this document and IEC 60071-12.2022 and their reasons 46
Table C.1 Parameters of High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station 49
Table C.2 Converter Transformer Parameters 49
Table C.3 Parameters of Surge Arresters (A) for LCCHVDC Converter Stations 50
Table C.4 Valve Surge Arrester (V) Parameters 50
Table C.5 Parameters of Surge Arresters in Converter Stations 55
Table C.6 Insulation Levels to Ground at Various Points in the Converter Station (55)
Table C.7 Point-to-point insulation levels at converter stations 56
Table C.8 System Parameters of High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station 58
Table C.9 Converter Transformer Parameters 58
Table C.10 Parameters of AC Bus Surge Arresters (A) for LCCHVDC Converter Station 58
Table C.11 Parameters of surge arresters for converter stations 64
Table C.12 Ground insulation levels at various points in the converter station (64)
Table C.13 Point-to-point insulation levels at converter stations 64
Table D.1 System Parameters 67
Table D.2 Main Equipment Parameters 67
Table D.3 CCOV and PCOV of Valve Arresters (V) 68
Table D.4 CCOV and PCOV of converter neutral point surge arrester (M) 68
Table D.5 MCOV 68 for AC bus surge arresters (A and A2)
Table D.6 Main Parameters of Surge Arresters 69
Table D.7 Minimum Insulation Margin of Equipment 72
Table D.8 Insulation Level of Oil-Insulated Equipment in Converter Station 72
Table D.9 Insulation Level of Air-Insulated Equipment in Converter Station 73
Table D.10 Air Gap Voltage 74
Table D.11 Minimum Voltage (to Ground) for Determining Creepage Distance 74
Table D.12 Maximum Lightning Current Required for Shielding Protection (75)
Foreword
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents".
Drafting.
This document is Part 12 of GB/T 311 "Insulation Coordination". GB/T 311 has already published the following parts.
---Part 1.Definitions, Principles, and Rules;
---Part 2.Usage Guidelines;
---Part 3.Insulation Coordination Procedures for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations;
---Part 4.Calculation Guidelines for Power Grid Insulation Coordination and Simulation;
---Part 11.Definitions, principles, and rules for insulation coordination in high-voltage direct current systems;
---Part 12.Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations (LCCs);
---Part 14.Insulation Coordination of AC/DC Filters in High Voltage DC Systems
This document is modified to adopt IEC 60071-12.2022 "Insulation coordination - Part 12.Application of insulation coordination in high voltage DC converter stations (LCC)".
Guidelines.
This document has undergone significant structural adjustments compared to IEC 60071-12.2022.A comparison of the structural numbering changes between the two documents is provided below.
See Appendix A for the table of contents.
This document differs significantly from IEC 60071-12.2022.The relevant clauses are indicated in the margins using vertical markers.
Straight lines (|) are marked. A summary of these technical differences and their reasons can be found in Appendix B.
The following editorial changes have been made to this document.
---Appendix A (informative) "Comparison of Structure Numbers in this Document with IEC 60071-12.2022" has been added;
---Appendix B (Informative) has been added. "Technical Differences Between This Document and IEC 60071-12.2022 and Their Reasons";
---Added Appendix D (Informative) "Example of Insulation Coordination for Back-to-Back DC Converter Stations".
Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of High Voltage Testing Technology and Insulation Coordination (SAC/TC163).
This document was drafted by. Xi'an XD Electric Power System Co., Ltd., Xi'an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., and China Southern Power Grid Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an Xi'an Electric Power Arrester
Limited Liability Company, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Company Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ningbo Polytechnic
College, Ningbo Tianan Smart Grid Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing University, East China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an Xidian Switchgear
Gas Co., Ltd., Henan High Voltage Electrical Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd.
Ren Company Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an Xi'an Electric Power High Voltage Equipment
Pipeline Co., Ltd., Shenyang Transformer Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute, XJ Electric Co., Ltd.
Flexible power transmission branch of the limited company.
The main drafters of this document are. Liu Dapeng, Cheng Xiaoxuan, Gou Ruifeng, Cui Dong, Zhao Xiaobin, He Huiwen, Du Shang'an, Wang Jiansheng, and Zhang Hongtao.
Tong Congwei, Zhang Changhong, Liang Tao, Zhou Jiao, Shen Meng, Xu Dizhen, Mi Pu, Shen Xiaolin, Shen Jianwei, Ouyang Daosheng, Wang Youyuan, Si Wenrong, Huang Zhifeng,
Nan Zhenle, Yan Zhanzheng, Zeng Qiwu, Li Xiuwei, Dai Min, Zou Dexu, Wei Tangbin, Liu Qiang, Chen Xiaodong, Zhao Jing, Yu Shifeng, Liu Hongliang, Huang Yongrui.
Introduction
GB/T 311 "Insulation Coordination" aims to establish the principles and guidelines for insulation coordination in high-voltage AC and high-voltage DC applications. Due to the nature of AC insulation coordination...
There is a significant difference between AC insulation coordination and DC insulation coordination. It needs to be divided into two aspects. AC insulation coordination and DC insulation coordination, which are proposed to consist of the following parts.
---Part 1.Definitions, Principles, and Rules. The purpose is to establish definitions, principles, and rules for insulation coordination and to provide guidelines for insulation coordination in AC systems.
Provide guidance in coordination.
---Part 2.Usage Guidelines. This section aims to provide guidance on the correct implementation of Part 1.
---Part 3.Insulation Coordination Procedures for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations. The purpose is to provide guidance on insulation coordination for high voltage direct current converter stations.
---Part 4.Calculation Guidelines for Power Grid Insulation Coordination and its Simulation. The purpose is to establish guidelines for the digital calculation of insulation coordination.
---Part 11.Definition, Principles, and Rules of Insulation Coordination in High Voltage Direct Current Systems. The purpose is to establish the principles, principles, and rules of insulation coordination in DC systems.
Defines, principles, and rules, and provides guidance for insulation coordination in high-voltage direct current systems.
---Part 12.Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations (LCCs). The purpose is to provide guidance for high voltage direct current converters using LCCs.
Provides guidance on insulation coordination for DC converter stations.
---Part 13.Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations (VSCs). The purpose is to provide guidance for high voltage direct current converters using VSCs.
Provides guidance on insulation coordination for DC converter stations.
---Part 14.Insulation Coordination of AC/DC Filters in High-Voltage DC Systems. The purpose is to determine the insulation coordination of AC and DC filters in high-voltage DC systems.
Insulation coordination of the current filter.
---Part 15.Insulation Coordination of DC Transmission Lines. The purpose is to determine the insulation coordination of DC transmission lines and grounding electrode lines.
This document is Part 12 of GB/T 311 "Insulation Coordination". With increasingly rich experience in the construction and operation of DC power projects in my country, there is an urgent need for further research on DC...
This document provides a unified standard for insulation coordination in DC power systems, offering guiding technical documentation for DC engineering construction in my country. It also outlines the requirements for systems employing grid commutation.
Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines and Application Examples for HVDC Converter Stations (LCC), based on the actual application of LCC DC transmission projects in my country.
The relevant content will be adjusted to adapt to my country's technological conditions and engineering needs.
Insulation Coordination Part 12.High Voltage Direct Current Converter Station
(LCC) Insulation Coordination Application Guidelines
1 Scope
This document provides insulation coordination guidelines for high-voltage direct current converter stations employing grid-commutated converters (LCCs). The purpose is to evaluate the converter...
The station equipment is subjected to overvoltage stress under DC voltage, power frequency voltage, harmonic voltage, and impulse voltage, and the rated withstand voltage of the equipment is determined.
level.
This document applies only to the insulation distribution of LCC high-voltage DC converter stations that use gapless metal oxide surge arresters for overvoltage protection.
This document also introduces the method for determining the protection level of surge arresters in series or parallel combinations, and provides typical surge arrester configurations.
The stress on the case and the surge arrester.
The appendix provides an example of insulation coordination for an LCC high-voltage DC converter station that supports the content and basic analysis techniques described in the main text of this document.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included.
For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
This document.
GB/T 311.11 Insulation Coordination Part 11.Definitions, Principles and Rules for Insulation Coordination in High Voltage Direct Current Systems (GB/T 311.11-
2025, IEC 60071-11.2022, MOD)
GB/T 11032-2020 AC gapless metal oxide surge arresters (IEC 60099-4.2014, MOD)
GB/T 13498 Terminology for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (GB/T 13498-2017, IEC 60633.2015, MOD)
GB/T 22389 Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations (GB/T 22389-2023, IEC 60099-9.2014)
MOD)
GB/T 50064 Code for Design of Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Installations
3.Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 311.11, GB/T 13498 and GB/T 22389, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1.1
The highest continuous operating voltage peak value occurring on the DC side equipment of the converter station, excluding commutation overshoot.
3.1.2
The maximum peak value of continuous operating voltage appearing on the DC side equipment of the converter station, including commutation overshoot.
3.1.3
The power frequency voltage (RMS) or DC voltage that produces the same power dissipation on the surge arrester as the actual continuous operating voltage of any waveform.
...
