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GB 7959-2012: Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
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GB 7959: Historical versions
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Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
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| GB 7959-1987 | 639 |
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Sanitary standard for the non-hazardous treatment of night soil
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Basic data
Standard ID: GB 7959-2012 (GB7959-2012)
Description (Translated English): Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
Sector / Industry: National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard: C51
Classification of International Standard: 13.020
Word Count Estimation: 39,356
Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB 7959-1987
Quoted Standard: GB 18918; CJJ/T 30; CJJ 64; disinfection technical specifications Ministry of Health
Regulation (derived from): National Standards Bulletin No. 31 of 2012
Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary: This Chinese standard specifies the feces harm the health requirements of sanitary excreta disposal limits and test methods for monitoring quality. This standard applies to urban and rural household toilet, faeces treatment plant (field) and a small stool
GB 7959-2012: Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
ICS 13.020
C51
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB 7959-1987
Fecal harmless hygiene requirements
Published 2012-11-20
2013-05-01 implementation
People's Republic of China Ministry of Health
Standardization Administration of China issued
Table of Contents
Preface Ⅰ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative References 1
Terms and definitions 1 3
Sanitary excreta disposal requirements 4 2
Supervision and monitoring 5 3
6 4 Monitoring and Testing Methods
(Normative) measuring the temperature of high-temperature composting method of Appendix A
Annex B (normative) Determination of moisture content of feces 6
Annex C (normative) Salmonella assay 8
Annex D (normative) compost, manure diluted fecal coliform detection 13
Annex E (normative) test method Ascaris 17
Annex F (normative) test for fecal egg dilute hook 20
Annex G (normative) diluted fecal inspection method in schistosome eggs 21
Annex H (normative) Identification of helminth eggs life and death 23
Annex I (normative) mosquitoes, flies method of monitoring the density of 34
Foreword
All technical contents of this standard is mandatory.
This standard was drafted in accordance with rules GB/T 1.1-2009 given.
This standard replaces GB 7959-1987 "stool sanitary standards."
This standard GB 7959-1987 major changes compared as follows.
--- according to GB/T 1.1-2009 "Standardization Guide Part 1. Standard structure and write rules" adjust the structure,
The text of the standard made overhaul;
--- added terms and definitions, such as sound processing manure, faecal coliform values and the like;
--- by aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic fermentation, sealed storage, the dry manure urine separation and solid-liquid separation process flocculation - dehydration Processor
Class Act are proposed health requirements;
This standard is referred --- and feces sound, to reduce, remove or kill intestinal bacteria in the stool, and other biological pathogenic parasite eggs
Factor, emphasizing the use of agricultural resources and land treatment is an integral part of the advanced treatment of manure;
--- clear the stool responsibility of dealing with regulatory and operational health supervision and inspection departments;
--- modified and added some content monitoring and supporting this standard test methods.
This standard is proposed and administered by the Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China.
This standard drafting unit. China Disease Prevention and Control Center for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety.
Participated in the drafting of this standard. Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Province, Chongqing City, disease prevention and control
center.
The main drafters of this standard. from Wang Jun, Wang Youbin, Pan Lijun, Zhang sector, Tian Hongchun, Sun Fengying, Han Keqin, Wang Xinli, Xie Hong,
Pan Shunchang.
Fecal harmless hygiene requirements
1 Scope
This standard specifies hygiene requirements fecal harmless limits and monitoring the quality of health inspection methods of excreta disposal.
This standard applies to urban and rural household toilet, supervision and inspection and sanitary excreta disposal plant (field) and small fecal harmless treatment effect of treatment facilities
Evaluation.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only applies to the version dated paper
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB 18918 urban sewage treatment plant emission standards
CJJ/T 30 urban waste treatment plant operation, maintenance and safety technology
CJJ64 manure treatment plant design specifications
Disinfection technical specifications the Ministry of Health
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Excrement excreta, nightsoil
Human feces and urine excreted, collectively referred to as feces.
3.2
Fecal harmless treatment harmlessdisposalofnightsoil
Reduction, removal or kill intestinal bacteria in the stool, parasite eggs and other pathogens, to control mosquito breeding, to prevent diffusion of odor, and
Its processing product processing technology to achieve agricultural land treatment and resource utilization.
3.3
Aerobic fermentation aerobicfermentation
High temperature composting thermophiliccomposting
Artificial and mechanical stacking manner, under aerobic conditions, the microorganisms, feces and garbage and other organic matter, the temperature reached
Above 50 ℃ and processing method, and can maintain a certain time.
3.4
Anaerobic digestion anaerobicfermentation
Organic substances under anaerobic conditions feces, feces by obligate anaerobes in the degradation of organic matter and producing biogas processing method, which process is provided
Shi including high, moderate room temperature methane digestion tank.
3.5
Facultative anaerobic fermentation facultativeanaerobicfermentation
According to the facultative anaerobic treatment of organic matter degradation in the stool, its processing facilities include three grid septic tanks, septic tanks double urn.
3.6
Fecal coliform value valuesoffecalcoliforms
Detecting a minimum sample size fecal coliform colony forming units, an important health evaluation index based feces harmless effect, the larger the value of bacteria
The better the treatment effect.
3.7
Disinfection disinfection
Reduction, removal or killing of pathogenic microorganisms in the feces the process technology to achieve the propagation without harm.
4 of excreta disposal hygiene requirements
4.1 manure processing technology used in urban and rural areas, should follow health and safety, resource utilization and ecological environment protection principles.
4.2 pairs of manure must be harmless, it is strictly prohibited without safe disposal of manure and fertilizer for agricultural direct emissions.
4.3 manure treatment plants should be designed to comply with the provisions of CJJ64. Solid-liquid separation - flocculation manure processing method dehydration treatment, the resulting supernatant
Solution should be combined with the treatment of sewage water treatment plant, sludge treatment method to be high-temperature composting. The final effluent discharged after treatment, its total nitrogen,
Eutrophication total phosphorus content of the material should be consistent with GB 18918 requirements.
4.4 should effectively control mosquitoes, flies breeding. The compost pile body, septic tanks and reservoirs Zhou Bian the toilet no surviving larvae, pupae and emergence of new adult flies.
4.5 clearing out the storage pits fecal residue, manure leather, digester sediment, sludge treatment facilities of all kinds, shall be subject to the safe disposal of high-temperature composting qualified
Square can be used as agricultural fertilizer.
4.6 intestinal infectious diseases, to deal with manure, manure storage pits and potentially contaminated sites, container and other disinfection, sterilization and disinfection methods
Applications should refer to request agent "disinfection technical specifications" is performed.
4.7 fecal product was treated by various methods to comply with Table 1 to Table 4 hygiene requirements.
Table 1 aerobic fermentation (high temperature compost) hygiene requirements
No. Item hygiene requirements
Temperature and duration 1
Artificial
Reactor temperature ≥50 ℃, for at least 10d
Reactor temperature ≥60 ℃, for at least 5d
Mechanical reactor temperature ≥50 ℃, for at least 2d
2 Ascaris eggs mortality rate ≥95%
3 fecal coliform values ≥10-2
4 Salmonella not detected
Table 2 anaerobic and facultative anaerobic digestion of hygiene requirements
No. Item hygiene requirements
1 Digestion temperature and time
Household-type
Normal temperature anaerobic digestion ≥30d
Facultative anaerobic fermentation ≥30d
Engineering
Normal anaerobic digestion ≥10 ℃ ≥20d
Mesophilic anaerobic digestion 35 ℃ ≥15d
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion 55 ℃ ≥8d
Ascaris eggs 2
At room temperature, mesophilic anaerobic digestion sedimentation rate ≥95%
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion mortality rate ≥95%
TABLE 2 (cont.)
No. Item hygiene requirements
3 schistosome eggs and hookworm eggs not detected a live egg
4 fecal coliform value
Mesophilic, anaerobic digestion at room temperature ≥10-4
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion ≥10-2
Facultative anaerobic fermentation ≥10-4
5 Salmonella not detected
a non-endemic areas of schistosomiasis and hookworm, schistosome eggs and hookworm eggs indicators exemption.
Table 3 hygiene sealed storage processing
No. Item hygiene requirements
Sealing a storage time of less than 12 months
2 Ascaris eggs mortality rate ≥95%
3 schistosome eggs and live eggs of hookworm eggs may not be detected
4 fecal coliform values ≥10-4
5 Salmonella not detected
Table 4 dried, diversity processing manure waste health requirements
No. Item hygiene requirements
Storage time 1
Timely application;
When the epidemic, no less than 10da
Ash mixing two months;
Sand mixed for 6 months;
Coal ash, loess mixed for 12 months
2 Ascaris eggs mortality rate ≥95%
3 schistosome eggs and live eggs of hookworm eggs may not be detected
4 fecal coliform values ≥10-2
5 Salmonella not detected
After 6 pH ash, mixed manure > pH9
7 Water 50%
perform a required health administrative departments.
5 supervision and monitoring
5.1 manure treatment plant should be monitored in accordance with the provisions of the daily operation CJJ/T 30's.
5.2 relevant departments should conduct regular supervision and monitoring of the effect of excreta disposal and hygienic evaluation.
6 Monitoring and Testing Methods
6.1 the high-temperature composting temperature measurement method given in Appendix A.
See Appendix 6.2 faecal moisture content determination method B.
6.3 Detection of Salmonella in Appendix C.
6.4 compost, manure diluted in Appendix fecal coliform test method D.
6.5 Inspection Act Ascaris eggs in Appendix E.
See Appendix 6.6 with dilute manure hook egg inspection method F.
See Appendix 6.7 schistosome eggs in feces dilute inspection method G.
6.8 Identification of life and death worm eggs in Annex H.
6.9 mosquitoes, flies density monitoring methods, see Appendix I.
Appendix A
(Normative)
High temperature composting temperature measurement method
A.1 Scope
Suitable for high temperature measuring internal body temperature of the compost heap.
A.2 temperature requirements
Of Reactor aerobic fermentation process, the temperature remains above 50 ℃, assessment is an important indicator of fecal detoxifying effect.
A.3 Instruments
The choice of metal or heat-sensitive digital thermometers sleeve temperature measuring device.
A.4 Determination
A.4.1 measuring points. a stack body, the lower three layers of Reactor measuring 10cm from the surface of the central portion of the two measuring points.
A.4.2 constant until the temperature readings recorded.
A.4.3 accumulation period should be tested in each test point temperature daily.
Appendix B
(Normative)
Determination of moisture content of feces
B.1 Scope
Applied to dried, dry storage stool measured moisture content.
B.2 temperature requirements
In the stool sample (105 ± 2) ℃ drying to constant weight at weight loss, the quality of the water that is contained in a stool sample.
B.3 instruments and equipment
B.3.1 metal spatula.
B.3.2 soil sieve. aperture 1mm.
B.3.3 Aluminum. Small diameter (D) of about 50mm, a height of about 20mm.
B.3.4 balance. a sense of the amount of 0.001g.
B.3.5 electric heated oven.
B.3.6 dryer. packages containing silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride.
B.4 selection and preparation of samples
Pits in the reservoir with a metal spatula to take a representative fecal samples, were scraped off the upper float, the metal spatula to a desired depth, fecal samples taken about 10g,
It is known accurately weighed quickly loaded into the aluminum box, tightly and outer wipe clean aluminum case, to be determined. It should be done parallel to the sample.
Measuring step B.5
Will be filled with feces samples in duplicate Aluminum were weighed on an analytical balance, accurate to 0.01g. He opened the lid, put it under a box,
Placed in ovens preheated to (105 ± 2) ℃ baked for 12h. After removing tightly immediately cooled to room temperature in a desiccator (about
30min), reweighed. Samples should be dried in an oven to constant weight (weighing a predetermined time after baking), that the weighing does not exceed the difference between the two test
3%-like quality.
The results of measurement B.6
B.6.1 formula.
Wet weight calculated, see equation (B.1)
Wet w = m1-m2m1-m0 ×
100% (B.1)
Where.
--- w wet wet weight%;
--- M0 aluminum box drying air mass, in grams (G);
m1 --- aluminum box before drying and quality of soil sample in grams (g);
After drying m2 --- aluminum box and quality of soil sample in grams (g).
Dry weight calculated, see formula (B.2)
w dry = m1-m2m2-m0 ×
100% (B.2)
Where.
--- w dry dry weight%;
--- M0 aluminum box drying air mass, in grams (G);
m1 --- aluminum box before drying and quality of soil sample in grams (g);
After drying m2 --- aluminum box and quality of soil sample in grams (g).
B.6.2 result of the measurement is represented by parallel arithmetic mean, retained after a decimal point.
Appendix C
(Normative)
Salmonella assay
C.1 Scope
For the determination of feces, liquid manure and compost Salmonella untreated or after treatment harmless.
C.2 detection index
Salmonella is a common human and animal group of intestinal bacteria, intestinal infectious disease epidemic is, evaluate fecal harmless treatment
The main indicators of effectiveness.
C.3 equipment and materials
C.3.1 Equipment
Balance, homogenizer or mortar, incubator (36 ± 1) ℃, (44 ± 0.5) ℃, water bath, a microscope, a refrigerator, autoclave,
Precision pH meter or pH paper, plate, scale straw, tubes, slides, inoculating loop (needle), the sample bottles, flasks.
C.3.2 media and reagents
C.3.2.1 sample diluent
8.5g sodium chloride
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, and glass beads dispensed into conical flask, bottle 90mL, 121 ℃, 20min high pressure
Steam sterilization.
C.3.2.2 feed double buffered peptone water (BP)
Peptone 20g
Sodium chloride 10g
Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 · 12H2O) 18g
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) 3g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, adjusted pH 7.2, aliquoted into glass beads conical flask 100mL,
121 ℃, 15min autoclaved.
C.3.2.3 malachite green chloride enrichment broth (MM)
A liquid C.3.2.3.1
Tryptone 5g
8g sodium chloride
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.6g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, 121 ℃, 15min autoclaving of solution A.
C.3.2.3.2 Solution B
Magnesium chloride 40g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The above ingredients were dissolved in distilled water, 121 ℃, 15min autoclaved for acetate solution.
C.3.2.3.3 propan liquid
Malachite green solution (4g/L)
Method. A solution take 90mL, propyl acetate solution and liquid 9mL 2.7mL, aseptically mixing Serve chloride Malachite Green enrichment broth (MM),
Dispensing sterile test tubes, each tube 9mL.
C.3.2.4 bismuth sulfite agar (BS)
Peptone 10g
5g beef extract
Glucose 5g
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 · 7H2O) 0.3g
Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4 · 12H2O) 4g
Malachite green 0.025g
Ammonium bismuth citrate [Bi (NH4) 3 (C6H5O7) 2H2O] 2g
Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) 6g
Agar 18g ~ 20g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The first five ingredients above were dissolved in 300mL of distilled water, bismuth ammonium citrate and sodium sulfite solution and the other with 50mL of distilled water
solution. Agar was dissolved in 600mL of distilled water was boiled, cooled to 80 ℃. The above three were combined, add distilled water to 1000mL, tune
To pH7.5, was added 5mL malachite green solution (5g/L), and shake. Was cooled to 50 ℃ ~ 55 ℃, spare pour plate, flat pale
green.
NOTE. This medium without autoclaving, the preparation should not be heated excessively, so as not to reduce the selectivity, should be prepared just before use in 1d, stored in the dark at room temperature,
Should not be used more than 48h.
C.3.2.5 SS agar
C.3.2.5.1 basal medium
5g beef extract
Shi peptone 5g
Bile salts (III) 3.5g
Agar 17g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. beef extract, peptone, and Shi bile salts were dissolved in 400mL of distilled water, agar was added to 600mL of distilled water, boiling it
Was dissolved, and then the two were mixed, 121 ℃, 15min autoclaving standby.
C.3.2.5.2 complete medium
Basal medium 1000mL
Lactose 10g
Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O) 8.5g
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 · 5H2O) 8.5g
Solution of ferric citrate (Na3C6H5O7 · 2H2O) (100g/L) 10mL
Neutral red solution (10g/L) 2.5mL
Malachite green solution (1g/L) 0.33mL
Method. basal medium was heated to melt, added in proportion of the components other than the dye, thoroughly mixed, adjusted to pH 7.0, was added neutral
Red and malachite green solution, after mixing pour plates.
Note. the date of use should be made of a good medium, or stored in a refrigerator used in 48h. Should be used within 10d after malachite green with a good solution.
C.3.2.6 triple sugar iron agar (TSI)
Peptone 20g
5g beef extract
Lactose 10g
Sugar 10g
Glucose 1g
5g of sodium chloride
Ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4) 2SO4 · FeSO4 · 6H2O] 0.2g
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 · 5H2O) 0.2g
Agar 12g
Phenol red 0.025g
Distilled water 1000mL
Method. The above ingredients except the agar and phenol red were dissolved in distilled water, adjusted to pH7.4. Agar was added, heated to boiling solution
Of. Was added 5mL phenol red (5g/L) shake dispensing tube, 115 ℃, 20min autoclaved. Placing high-rise slope spare.
C.3.3 Gram stain
C.3.3.1 Gram stain
C.3.3.1.1 crystal violet dye
Crystal Violet 1g
Ethanol [φ (C2H5OH) = 95%] 20mL
Oxalate [(NH4) 2C2O4] solution (10g/L) 80mL
Method. crystal violet dissolved in ethanol, mixed with ammonium oxalate dye.
C.3.3.1.2 Gram iodine solution
Iodine 1g
2g of potassium iodide
Distilled water 300mL
Method. After the addition of potassium iodide was dissolved in a little distilled water was added iodine shaken well, and then distilled water to make up to 300mL.
C.3.3.1.3 bleaching agent
Ethanol [φ (C2H5OH) = 95%]
C.3.3.1.4 sand yellow counterstain
0.25g yellow sand
Ethanol [φ (C2H5OH) = 95%] 10mL
Distilled water 90mL
Method. The yellow sand was dissolved in ethanol, adding distilled water until completely dissolved.
C.3.3.2 staining
The 18h ~ 24h culture smear.
The smear is fixed to the flame, crystal violet staining solution was added dropwise, dyeing 1min, washing with water.
Dropping Gram iodine solution, the role of 1min, washed.
Bleaching agents dropwise, shaken slide, fall far until no purple, about 30s, washed with water.
Dropping counterstain, stained 1min, washed, until dry, microscopic examination.
C.3.4 Salmonella diagnostic......
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