YB/T 4146-2016 PDF English
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High-carbon chromium bearing steel seamless steel tubes
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YB/T 4146-2016: High-carbon chromium bearing steel seamless steel tubes---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/YBT4146-2016
FERROUS METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 77.140.75
H 48
Replacing YB/T 4146-2006
High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes
Issued on. OCTOBER 22, 2016
Implemented on. APRIL 01, 2017
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Order content... 6
4 Size, shape, weight... 7
5 Technical requirements... 9
6 Test methods... 12
7 Inspection rules... 14
8 Packaging, marking and quality certificate... 15
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces YB/T 4146-2006 “High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes”. As compared with YB/T 4146-2006, the main technical
changes are as follows.
- MODIFY the size specifications of the steel tube;
- MODIFY the allowable deviations of size;
- MODIFY the requirements for length;
- MODIFY the delivery weight;
- MODIFY the requirements for delivery state;
- ADD new designations;
- MODIFY the requirements for the grades of carbide mesh, carbide ribbon,
carbide liquation;
- MODIFY the requirements for decarburization depth;
- MODIFY the requirements for surface quality;
- MODIFY the requirements for non-destructive testing;
- MODIFY the inspection rules.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Steel
Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 183).
Drafting organizations of this standard. Zhejiang Jianli Co., Ltd., Metallurgical
Industry Information Standards Institute, Luoyang Bearing Research Institute
Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Huacheng Industrial Pipe Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhao Jian, Wang Zhengde, Dong Li, Lei
Jianzhong, Wu Xingbin, Xu Yaming, Han Bo, Zhou Jinmiao.
This standard replaces the standard previously issued as follows.
- YB/Z 12-1977;
- YB/T 4146-2006.
High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the order content, size, shape, weight, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and quality
certificate of high carbon-chromium bearing steel seamless steel tube.
This standard applies to the hot-rolled and cold-drawn (rolling) high-carbon
chromium bearing steel seamless steel tube (hereinafter referred to as steel
tube) which is used to manufacture the rolling bearing parts and other
mechanical parts.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total
silicon content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of aluminum content -
Chrome-azurol S photometric method
GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content -
Visual titration or potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the
determination of copper content
GB/T 223.23 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of nickel content - The
dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.26 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content -
The thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.29 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of lead content - Carrier
precipitation-xylenol orange spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.31 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of arsenic content -
Distillation-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.47 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
carrier precipitation-molybdenum blue photometric method for the
determination of antimony content
GB/T 223.50 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
phenylfluorone-CTMAB direct photometric method for the determination of
tin content
GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of
manganese content
GB/T 223.59 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of phosphorus content -
Bismuth phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony
phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the
determination of carbon content
GB/T 223.72 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content.
Gravimetric method
GB/T 224 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content. Gravimetric
method
3 Order content
Contracts or orders for ordering steel tubes in accordance with this standard
shall include the following.
4 Size, shape, weight
4.1 Outer diameter and wall thickness
4.1.1 The outer diameter (D) of the hot-rolled steel tube ranges from 48 mm to
194 mm. The wall thickness (S) ranges from 5.0 mm to 30 mm.
4.2 Allowable deviation of outer diameter and wall thickness
4.2.1 The allowable deviation of the outer diameter and wall thickness of the
steel tube shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.The accuracy grades
shall be indicated in the contract. When not indicated, it will be supplied at the
ordinary grade.
4.3 Length
4.3.1 Normal length
4.3.1.1 The normal length of hot-rolled steel tubes is 3000 mm ~ 12000 mm.
The normal length of cold-drawn (rolled) steel tubes is 3000 mm ~ 9000 mm.
4.3.2 Length of fixed-length
According to the requirements of the purchaser, through negotiation between
the supplier and the purchaser, as indicated in the contract, it may supply the
4.4 Curvature
The curvature of the steel tube shall not exceed the following provisions.
4.5 Out-of-roundness and nonuniformity of wall thickness
The out-of-roundness of the steel tube shall not exceed 60% of the tolerance of
outer diameter as specified in Table 1.The nonuniformity of wall thickness of
the steel tube shall not exceed 80% of the tolerance of wall thickness as
specified in Table 1.
4.6 Shape of tip
4.7 Delivery weight
Steel tubes are delivered in actual weight.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Designation and chemical composition of steel
5.1.1 The designation and chemical composition (melting composition) of the
steel, the content of residual elements in the steel, the allowable deviation of
the finished product’s composition shall comply with the requirements for
G8Cr15, GCr15, GCr15SiMn, GCr15SiMo, GCr18Mo in Tables 4 ~ 6 of GB/T
18254-2016, respectively.
5.2 Manufacturing methods
5.2.1 Smelting method of steel
Steel shall be vacuum-degassed. After consultation between the supplier and
the purchaser, it may also be smelted by electroslag re-melting method.
5.3 Delivery state
5.3.1 Hot-rolled steel tubes shall be delivered in a spheroidized annealed state.
According to the requirements of the purchaser, through negotiation between
the supplier and the purchaser, as indicated in the contract, the hot-rolled
annealed steel tube may be delivered in outer-surface-peeled or polished state.
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 For the hot-rolled steel tubes which are delivered in a spheroidized
annealed state, the Brinell hardness shall be 179 HBW ~ 217 HBW.
5.5 Macrostructure
The steel tube shall be subjected to acid-leached macrostructure inspection.
On the acid-leached test piece of its cross-section, it does not allow white spots,
inclusions, underlaying bubbles, cracks, stratification.
5.6 Microstructure
The steel tube shall be subjected to a microstructure inspection. After the
spheroidized annealing, the microstructure of the steel tube shall be fine-
grained pearlite. The microstructure shall be graded according to the grade 5
chart in Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2016, the qualification grade shall be grade
2 ~ grade 4.
5.7 Carbide inhomogeneity
Steel tubes shall be subjected to carbide inhomogeneity inspection. After the
spheroidized annealing of steel tubes, it does not allow severe carbide
segregation. Carbide segregation shall be graded according to the grades 6, 8,
9 rating chart in Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2016.The specific grades shall meet
the following requirements.
5.9 Decarburization layer
5.9.1 The depth of the total decarburization layer on the inner and outer
surfaces of the hot-rolled steel tube shall not exceed 0.50 mm.
5.10 Microscopic porosity
Steel tubes are not allowed to have microscopic porosity.
5.11 Non-destructive testing
5.11.1 The steel tube shall be subjected to eddy-current testing. The
acceptance grade shall comply with the requirements of the grades E4H or E4
in GB/T 7735-2016.If agreed by the purchaser, it may not carry out non-
destructive testing. The steel tubes which had been subjected to eddy-current
testing shall be demagnetized. The residual magnetism of each steel tube shall
not exceed 10 Gs; that of the whole bundle of steel tubes shall be not more
than 20Gs. The residual magnetic shall be measured at both ends of the steel
tube.
5.12 Surface quality
5.12.1 It does not allow cracks, folding, rolling, separation layer, crusting on the
inner and outer surfaces of hot-rolled steel tubes. If there are above defects,
they shall be completely removed. The actual outer diameter and wall thickness
after removal shall be not less than the minimum allowable value for the outer
diameter and wall thickness. It allows for other local defects which have a depth
of not more than 0.3 mm.
6 Test methods
6.1 The chemical composition analysis of steel tubes shall be carried out
according to the requirements of GB/T 20066.The instrumental analysis of
chemical composition is carried out according to the requirements of GB/T
4336-2002, GB/T 20123, GB/T 11261, GB/T 20127.2, GB/T 20127.8.
6.2 The size and shape of the steel tube shall be measured one by one by
gauges that meet the accuracy requirements.
6.3 The inner and outer surfaces of steel tubes shall be inspected visually one
by one under full-lighting conditions.
6.4 The sampling methods and test methods for other items of steel tubes shall
comply with the requirements of Table 2.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection and acceptance
The inspection and acceptance of steel tubes shall be carried out by the
supplier’s quality technical supervision department.
7.3 Sampling quantity
The number of samples for the inspection of each item of steel tubes shall
comply with the requirements of Table 2.For the inspection of microstructure
and non-metallic inclusions of the steel tubes from the same furnace, it allows
to use blank instead of material and to use large instead of small.
7.4 Rules of re-inspection and judgement
7.4.1 If any of the inspection items fails (except for the stratification, white point,
non-metallic inclusions), it may take samples again to re-inspect the disqualified
items. The sampling quantity is same as that for the initial inspection (except
for oxygen content). If the re-inspection is qualified, the batch of steel shall be
judged as qualified; if the re-inspection is still unqualified, the batch of steel shall
be judged as disqualified.
8 Packaging, marking and quality certificate
8.1 The weight of a single bundle of steel tube packaging shall not exceed 2500
kg. If required by the purchaser, it may be carried out as required by the
purchaser.
8.2 The marking and quality certificate of the steel tube shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 2102.
YB/T 4146-2016
FERROUS METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 77.140.75
H 48
Replacing YB/T 4146-2006
High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes
Issued on. OCTOBER 22, 2016
Implemented on. APRIL 01, 2017
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Order content... 6
4 Size, shape, weight... 7
5 Technical requirements... 9
6 Test methods... 12
7 Inspection rules... 14
8 Packaging, marking and quality certificate... 15
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces YB/T 4146-2006 “High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes”. As compared with YB/T 4146-2006, the main technical
changes are as follows.
- MODIFY the size specifications of the steel tube;
- MODIFY the allowable deviations of size;
- MODIFY the requirements for length;
- MODIFY the delivery weight;
- MODIFY the requirements for delivery state;
- ADD new designations;
- MODIFY the requirements for the grades of carbide mesh, carbide ribbon,
carbide liquation;
- MODIFY the requirements for decarburization depth;
- MODIFY the requirements for surface quality;
- MODIFY the requirements for non-destructive testing;
- MODIFY the inspection rules.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Steel
Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 183).
Drafting organizations of this standard. Zhejiang Jianli Co., Ltd., Metallurgical
Industry Information Standards Institute, Luoyang Bearing Research Institute
Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Huacheng Industrial Pipe Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard. Zhao Jian, Wang Zhengde, Dong Li, Lei
Jianzhong, Wu Xingbin, Xu Yaming, Han Bo, Zhou Jinmiao.
This standard replaces the standard previously issued as follows.
- YB/Z 12-1977;
- YB/T 4146-2006.
High-carbon chromium bearing steel
seamless steel tubes
1 Scope
This standard specifies the order content, size, shape, weight, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking and quality
certificate of high carbon-chromium bearing steel seamless steel tube.
This standard applies to the hot-rolled and cold-drawn (rolling) high-carbon
chromium bearing steel seamless steel tube (hereinafter referred to as steel
tube) which is used to manufacture the rolling bearing parts and other
mechanical parts.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total
silicon content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of aluminum content -
Chrome-azurol S photometric method
GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content -
Visual titration or potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.19 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
neocuproine-chloroform extraction photometric method for the
determination of copper content
GB/T 223.23 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of nickel content - The
dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.26 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of molybdenum content -
The thiocyanate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.29 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of lead content - Carrier
precipitation-xylenol orange spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.31 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of arsenic content -
Distillation-molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.47 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
carrier precipitation-molybdenum blue photometric method for the
determination of antimony content
GB/T 223.50 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
phenylfluorone-CTMAB direct photometric method for the determination of
tin content
GB/T 223.58 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite titrimetric method for the determination of
manganese content
GB/T 223.59 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of phosphorus content -
Bismuth phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method and antimony
phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.71 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The
gravimetric method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the
determination of carbon content
GB/T 223.72 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content.
Gravimetric method
GB/T 224 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of sulfur content. Gravimetric
method
3 Order content
Contracts or orders for ordering steel tubes in accordance with this standard
shall include the following.
4 Size, shape, weight
4.1 Outer diameter and wall thickness
4.1.1 The outer diameter (D) of the hot-rolled steel tube ranges from 48 mm to
194 mm. The wall thickness (S) ranges from 5.0 mm to 30 mm.
4.2 Allowable deviation of outer diameter and wall thickness
4.2.1 The allowable deviation of the outer diameter and wall thickness of the
steel tube shall comply with the requirements of Table 1.The accuracy grades
shall be indicated in the contract. When not indicated, it will be supplied at the
ordinary grade.
4.3 Length
4.3.1 Normal length
4.3.1.1 The normal length of hot-rolled steel tubes is 3000 mm ~ 12000 mm.
The normal length of cold-drawn (rolled) steel tubes is 3000 mm ~ 9000 mm.
4.3.2 Length of fixed-length
According to the requirements of the purchaser, through negotiation between
the supplier and the purchaser, as indicated in the contract, it may supply the
4.4 Curvature
The curvature of the steel tube shall not exceed the following provisions.
4.5 Out-of-roundness and nonuniformity of wall thickness
The out-of-roundness of the steel tube shall not exceed 60% of the tolerance of
outer diameter as specified in Table 1.The nonuniformity of wall thickness of
the steel tube shall not exceed 80% of the tolerance of wall thickness as
specified in Table 1.
4.6 Shape of tip
4.7 Delivery weight
Steel tubes are delivered in actual weight.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Designation and chemical composition of steel
5.1.1 The designation and chemical composition (melting composition) of the
steel, the content of residual elements in the steel, the allowable deviation of
the finished product’s composition shall comply with the requirements for
G8Cr15, GCr15, GCr15SiMn, GCr15SiMo, GCr18Mo in Tables 4 ~ 6 of GB/T
18254-2016, respectively.
5.2 Manufacturing methods
5.2.1 Smelting method of steel
Steel shall be vacuum-degassed. After consultation between the supplier and
the purchaser, it may also be smelted by electroslag re-melting method.
5.3 Delivery state
5.3.1 Hot-rolled steel tubes shall be delivered in a spheroidized annealed state.
According to the requirements of the purchaser, through negotiation between
the supplier and the purchaser, as indicated in the contract, the hot-rolled
annealed steel tube may be delivered in outer-surface-peeled or polished state.
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 For the hot-rolled steel tubes which are delivered in a spheroidized
annealed state, the Brinell hardness shall be 179 HBW ~ 217 HBW.
5.5 Macrostructure
The steel tube shall be subjected to acid-leached macrostructure inspection.
On the acid-leached test piece of its cross-section, it does not allow white spots,
inclusions, underlaying bubbles, cracks, stratification.
5.6 Microstructure
The steel tube shall be subjected to a microstructure inspection. After the
spheroidized annealing, the microstructure of the steel tube shall be fine-
grained pearlite. The microstructure shall be graded according to the grade 5
chart in Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2016, the qualification grade shall be grade
2 ~ grade 4.
5.7 Carbide inhomogeneity
Steel tubes shall be subjected to carbide inhomogeneity inspection. After the
spheroidized annealing of steel tubes, it does not allow severe carbide
segregation. Carbide segregation shall be graded according to the grades 6, 8,
9 rating chart in Appendix A of GB/T 18254-2016.The specific grades shall meet
the following requirements.
5.9 Decarburization layer
5.9.1 The depth of the total decarburization layer on the inner and outer
surfaces of the hot-rolled steel tube shall not exceed 0.50 mm.
5.10 Microscopic porosity
Steel tubes are not allowed to have microscopic porosity.
5.11 Non-destructive testing
5.11.1 The steel tube shall be subjected to eddy-current testing. The
acceptance grade shall comply with the requirements of the grades E4H or E4
in GB/T 7735-2016.If agreed by the purchaser, it may not carry out non-
destructive testing. The steel tubes which had been subjected to eddy-current
testing shall be demagnetized. The residual magnetism of each steel tube shall
not exceed 10 Gs; that of the whole bundle of steel tubes shall be not more
than 20Gs. The residual magnetic shall be measured at both ends of the steel
tube.
5.12 Surface quality
5.12.1 It does not allow cracks, folding, rolling, separation layer, crusting on the
inner and outer surfaces of hot-rolled steel tubes. If there are above defects,
they shall be completely removed. The actual outer diameter and wall thickness
after removal shall be not less than the minimum allowable value for the outer
diameter and wall thickness. It allows for other local defects which have a depth
of not more than 0.3 mm.
6 Test methods
6.1 The chemical composition analysis of steel tubes shall be carried out
according to the requirements of GB/T 20066.The instrumental analysis of
chemical composition is carried out according to the requirements of GB/T
4336-2002, GB/T 20123, GB/T 11261, GB/T 20127.2, GB/T 20127.8.
6.2 The size and shape of the steel tube shall be measured one by one by
gauges that meet the accuracy requirements.
6.3 The inner and outer surfaces of steel tubes shall be inspected visually one
by one under full-lighting conditions.
6.4 The sampling methods and test methods for other items of steel tubes shall
comply with the requirements of Table 2.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection and acceptance
The inspection and acceptance of steel tubes shall be carried out by the
supplier’s quality technical supervision department.
7.3 Sampling quantity
The number of samples for the inspection of each item of steel tubes shall
comply with the requirements of Table 2.For the inspection of microstructure
and non-metallic inclusions of the steel tubes from the same furnace, it allows
to use blank instead of material and to use large instead of small.
7.4 Rules of re-inspection and judgement
7.4.1 If any of the inspection items fails (except for the stratification, white point,
non-metallic inclusions), it may take samples again to re-inspect the disqualified
items. The sampling quantity is same as that for the initial inspection (except
for oxygen content). If the re-inspection is qualified, the batch of steel shall be
judged as qualified; if the re-inspection is still unqualified, the batch of steel shall
be judged as disqualified.
8 Packaging, marking and quality certificate
8.1 The weight of a single bundle of steel tube packaging shall not exceed 2500
kg. If required by the purchaser, it may be carried out as required by the
purchaser.
8.2 The marking and quality certificate of the steel tube shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 2102.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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