YB/T 091-2019 PDF English
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| YB/T 091-2019 | English | 185 |
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Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls
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| YB/T 091-2005 | English | 399 |
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Forging(rolling) steel grinding balls
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| YB/T 091-1996 | English | 239 |
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Forging (rolling)steel grinding balls
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YB/T 091-2019: Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/YBT091-2019
YB
FERROUS METALLURGY INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 77.140.99
H 54
Replacing YB/T 091-2005
Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls
Issued on. MAY 02, 2019
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2019
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Classification and code... 6
5 Technical requirements... 6
6 Test method... 7
7 Inspection rules... 9
8 Packaging, marking, transportation, storage... 10
Appendix A (Normative) Standards for physical and chemical inspection methods for
steel products... 12
Appendix B (Normative) Test method for grinding ball impact fatigue life... 14
Appendix C (Normative) Calculation of breakage rate of balls and ball consumption of
steel balls... 16
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces YB/T 091-2005 "Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls".
Compared with YB/T 091-2005, the main technical changes of this standard are as
follows.
- ADD the terms and definitions;
- ADD the specifications of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- ADJUST the chemical composition of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- ADJUST the mechanical properties of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- MODIFY the inspection rules of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- MODIFY Appendix A Grinding ball impact fatigue life test method;
- MODIFY Appendix B Calculation method for breakage rate of ball and ball
consumption of steel ball.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for
Standardization of Pig Iron and Ferroalloys (SAC/TC 318).
The drafting organizations of this standard. Anhui Fengxing Wear Resistant Materials
Co., Ltd., National Steel and Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center,
Gangnuo New Materials Co., Ltd., Shandong Huamin Steel Ball Co., Ltd., Shandong
Elite Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Shandong Zhongtian Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.,
Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holdings Co., Ltd., Jinshen Wear Resistant
Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Copper Group (Yugan) Forging and Casting Co., Ltd.,
Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co., Ltd.,
Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute.
The main drafters of this standard. Chen Xiao, Gan Zhengbin, Gao Jie, Feng Hongxi,
Wu Zhen, Hou Yumin, Niu Yugang, Hou Songtao, Wang Jun, Ma Rilai, Gao Yuhe, Feng
Shuguo, Ge Longgui, Zang Huashuo, Li Hailiang, Zhou Rukun, Zhang Qiang, Hou
Yuzhao, Huang Mingfu, Liu Shoubo, Shen Maolin, Xu Youjuan, Lu Chunsheng.
This standard replaces the standard previously issued as follows.
- YB/T 091-1996, YB/T 091-2005.
Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and code, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking, transportation,
storage of forging (rolling) steel balls.
This standard applies to forging (rolling) steel balls, which are used as grinding media
in ball mills, semi-autogenous mills, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1.Test method (scales
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1.Sampling
schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 8541, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Forging steel grinding balls
Steel grinding balls formed by forging process.
3.2
Rolling steel grinding balls
Steel grinding balls formed by rolling process.
3.3
Middle and high carbon low alloyed forging (rolling) steel balls
Forging (rolling) steel balls (hereinafter referred to as steel balls) containing a small
amount of alloying elements (manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper,
molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, rare earth, etc.) in medium and high carbon steel.
3.4
Diameter tolerance
The difference between the maximum or minimum diameter measured on the same
steel ball and the nominal diameter.
3.5
Roundness
The ratio -- of the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the
measured steel ball TO the nominal diameter.
4 Classification and code
4.1 Steel balls are divided into two categories according to carbon content. medium
carbon low alloy steel balls (code Z) and high carbon low alloy steel balls (code G).
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Allowable deviation of steel ball shape
The nominal diameter, allowable deviation, and roundness of steel balls shall comply
with the provisions of Table 1.
5.2 The chemical composition of steel used for steel balls shall comply with the
provisions of Table 2.
5.4 Breakage rate of balls
The breakage rate of steel balls shall be less than 1%.
5.5 Out-of-roundness
The out-of-roundness rate of steel balls shall be less than 5%.
5.6 Surface quality of steel balls
6 Test method
6.1 The diameter and allowable deviation, roundness, allowable surface defects of steel
balls shall be measured by a measuring tool, which has a scale reading not exceeding
0.1 mm.
6.2 The chemical analysis and internal structure inspection of steel balls and blank
materials shall be carried out in accordance with the methods specified in Appendix A
and relevant regulations.
6.3 The test of impact energy absorption value shall be carried out using a 10 mm × 10
mm × 55 mm unnotched specimen, which is cut on the steel ball, in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 229.
6.6 The detection and calculation of the breakage rate of balls shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of this standard.
6.7 The surface defects of the steel ball shall be detected by visual inspection.
6.8 The hardness uniformity of the steel ball can be expressed by the average volume
hardness.
6.9 The digital rounding method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of YB/T 081.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 The quality of steel ball products shall be inspected by the quality inspection
department of the manufacturing enterprise.
7.2 The diameter allowable deviation, roundness, surface defects of steel balls shall be
sampled, according to the normal secondary sampling plan in GB/T 2828.1, at general
inspection level I, AQL = 6.5.
7.5 Inspection of the hardness of the steel ball core. For every 200t of steel balls of the
same type and specification produced continuously (less than 200t is counted as one
batch), steel balls with a surface hardness of the lower limit specified in Table 3 shall
be sampled for inspection. If the inspection fails, it shall double the samples from this
batch for re-inspection. If the chemical composition is qualified, re-heat treatment is
allowed. If there are still unqualified results, the batch shall be unqualified.
7.6 Type inspection
If one of the following situations occurs, type inspection shall be carried out in
accordance with all technical requirements specified in this standard. Whether the type
inspection is qualified shall be determined according to the exit-factory inspection
judgment rules.
8 Packaging, marking, transportation, storage
8.1 Packaging
Steel balls shall be packaged in iron barrels or woven bags or in bulk.
8.2 Marking
Each batch of exit-factory products shall be accompanied by a product certificate (or
quality guarantee) stamped by the inspection department, indicating.
8.3 Transportation
The shipping method of steel balls shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer.
When packaging and transporting, the following shall be marked on the surface of the
packaging.
8.4 Storage
When storing, steel balls shall be protected from acid, alkali, water corrosion. It shall
be stored according to the steel ball code.
YB/T 091-2019
YB
FERROUS METALLURGY INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 77.140.99
H 54
Replacing YB/T 091-2005
Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls
Issued on. MAY 02, 2019
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2019
Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 4
4 Classification and code... 6
5 Technical requirements... 6
6 Test method... 7
7 Inspection rules... 9
8 Packaging, marking, transportation, storage... 10
Appendix A (Normative) Standards for physical and chemical inspection methods for
steel products... 12
Appendix B (Normative) Test method for grinding ball impact fatigue life... 14
Appendix C (Normative) Calculation of breakage rate of balls and ball consumption of
steel balls... 16
Foreword
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This standard replaces YB/T 091-2005 "Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls".
Compared with YB/T 091-2005, the main technical changes of this standard are as
follows.
- ADD the terms and definitions;
- ADD the specifications of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- ADJUST the chemical composition of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- ADJUST the mechanical properties of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- MODIFY the inspection rules of forging (rolling) steel balls;
- MODIFY Appendix A Grinding ball impact fatigue life test method;
- MODIFY Appendix B Calculation method for breakage rate of ball and ball
consumption of steel ball.
This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Industry Association.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for
Standardization of Pig Iron and Ferroalloys (SAC/TC 318).
The drafting organizations of this standard. Anhui Fengxing Wear Resistant Materials
Co., Ltd., National Steel and Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center,
Gangnuo New Materials Co., Ltd., Shandong Huamin Steel Ball Co., Ltd., Shandong
Elite Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Shandong Zhongtian Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.,
Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holdings Co., Ltd., Jinshen Wear Resistant
Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Copper Group (Yugan) Forging and Casting Co., Ltd.,
Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Pengfei Group Co., Ltd.,
Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute.
The main drafters of this standard. Chen Xiao, Gan Zhengbin, Gao Jie, Feng Hongxi,
Wu Zhen, Hou Yumin, Niu Yugang, Hou Songtao, Wang Jun, Ma Rilai, Gao Yuhe, Feng
Shuguo, Ge Longgui, Zang Huashuo, Li Hailiang, Zhou Rukun, Zhang Qiang, Hou
Yuzhao, Huang Mingfu, Liu Shoubo, Shen Maolin, Xu Youjuan, Lu Chunsheng.
This standard replaces the standard previously issued as follows.
- YB/T 091-1996, YB/T 091-2005.
Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and code, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packaging, marking, transportation,
storage of forging (rolling) steel balls.
This standard applies to forging (rolling) steel balls, which are used as grinding media
in ball mills, semi-autogenous mills, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 230.1 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test - Part 1.Test method (scales
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1.Sampling
schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 8541, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Forging steel grinding balls
Steel grinding balls formed by forging process.
3.2
Rolling steel grinding balls
Steel grinding balls formed by rolling process.
3.3
Middle and high carbon low alloyed forging (rolling) steel balls
Forging (rolling) steel balls (hereinafter referred to as steel balls) containing a small
amount of alloying elements (manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper,
molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, rare earth, etc.) in medium and high carbon steel.
3.4
Diameter tolerance
The difference between the maximum or minimum diameter measured on the same
steel ball and the nominal diameter.
3.5
Roundness
The ratio -- of the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the
measured steel ball TO the nominal diameter.
4 Classification and code
4.1 Steel balls are divided into two categories according to carbon content. medium
carbon low alloy steel balls (code Z) and high carbon low alloy steel balls (code G).
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Allowable deviation of steel ball shape
The nominal diameter, allowable deviation, and roundness of steel balls shall comply
with the provisions of Table 1.
5.2 The chemical composition of steel used for steel balls shall comply with the
provisions of Table 2.
5.4 Breakage rate of balls
The breakage rate of steel balls shall be less than 1%.
5.5 Out-of-roundness
The out-of-roundness rate of steel balls shall be less than 5%.
5.6 Surface quality of steel balls
6 Test method
6.1 The diameter and allowable deviation, roundness, allowable surface defects of steel
balls shall be measured by a measuring tool, which has a scale reading not exceeding
0.1 mm.
6.2 The chemical analysis and internal structure inspection of steel balls and blank
materials shall be carried out in accordance with the methods specified in Appendix A
and relevant regulations.
6.3 The test of impact energy absorption value shall be carried out using a 10 mm × 10
mm × 55 mm unnotched specimen, which is cut on the steel ball, in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 229.
6.6 The detection and calculation of the breakage rate of balls shall be carried out in
accordance with the provisions of Appendix C of this standard.
6.7 The surface defects of the steel ball shall be detected by visual inspection.
6.8 The hardness uniformity of the steel ball can be expressed by the average volume
hardness.
6.9 The digital rounding method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of YB/T 081.
7 Inspection rules
7.1 The quality of steel ball products shall be inspected by the quality inspection
department of the manufacturing enterprise.
7.2 The diameter allowable deviation, roundness, surface defects of steel balls shall be
sampled, according to the normal secondary sampling plan in GB/T 2828.1, at general
inspection level I, AQL = 6.5.
7.5 Inspection of the hardness of the steel ball core. For every 200t of steel balls of the
same type and specification produced continuously (less than 200t is counted as one
batch), steel balls with a surface hardness of the lower limit specified in Table 3 shall
be sampled for inspection. If the inspection fails, it shall double the samples from this
batch for re-inspection. If the chemical composition is qualified, re-heat treatment is
allowed. If there are still unqualified results, the batch shall be unqualified.
7.6 Type inspection
If one of the following situations occurs, type inspection shall be carried out in
accordance with all technical requirements specified in this standard. Whether the type
inspection is qualified shall be determined according to the exit-factory inspection
judgment rules.
8 Packaging, marking, transportation, storage
8.1 Packaging
Steel balls shall be packaged in iron barrels or woven bags or in bulk.
8.2 Marking
Each batch of exit-factory products shall be accompanied by a product certificate (or
quality guarantee) stamped by the inspection department, indicating.
8.3 Transportation
The shipping method of steel balls shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer.
When packaging and transporting, the following shall be marked on the surface of the
packaging.
8.4 Storage
When storing, steel balls shall be protected from acid, alkali, water corrosion. It shall
be stored according to the steel ball code.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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