JT/T 1095-2022 PDF in English
JT/T 1095-2022 (JT/T1095-2022, JTT 1095-2022, JTT1095-2022)
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Flame resistance of commercial bus interior materials
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Standards related to (historical): JT/T 1095-2022
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JT/T 1095-2022: PDF in English (JTT 1095-2022) JT/T 1095-2022
JT
TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 09
Replacing JT/T 1095-2016
Flame resistance of commercial bus interior materials
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 13, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 13, 2022
Issued by: Ministry of Transport of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Technical requirements ... 7
5 Test method ... 10
6 Transition period requirements for implementation ... 11
Appendix A (Normative) Sampling requirements of test sample ... 12
Appendix B (Normative) Test method and judgment requirements of melting behavior
... 14
Appendix C (Normative) Test method and judgment requirements of capability to repel
fuel or lubricant ... 18
References ... 20
Flame resistance of commercial bus interior materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, implementation
transition period requirements, for the flame retardant properties of interior materials
for commercial bus.
This document is applicable to the evaluation of flame retardant properties of grade B
and grade III bus interior materials, in category M2 and category M3.
This document does not apply to school buses.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2406.2-2009 Plastics - Determination of burning behavior by oxygen index -
Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
GB/T 5454 Textiles-Burning behavior - Oxygen index method
GB 8410 Flammability of automotive interior materials
GB/T 8626 Test method of flammability for building materials
GB/T 8627 Test method for density of smoke from the burning or decomposition of
building materials
GB/T 10707 Rubber - Determination of the burning
GB/T 11785 Reaction to fire tests for floorings - Determination of the burning
behavior using a radiant heat source
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 20285 Toxic classification of fire effluents hazard for materials
GB/T 32086 Requirement of vertical flammability characteristic and test method for
certain category automobile interior material
JT/T 1094 Safety specifications for commercial bus
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions, as defined in GB/T 15089 and JT/T 1094, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Oxygen index
Under the specified test conditions, when the mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen at
a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C is introduced, the minimum oxygen concentration,
that can just maintain the combustion of the material, expressed in volume fraction.
[Source: GB/T 2406.2-2009, 3.1, modified]
3.2
Density of smoke
The measure of the amount of smoke, which is produced by a material, under
specified test conditions, expressed by the attenuation of light intensity passing
through the smoke.
[Source: GB 38262-2019, 3.5]
3.3
Smoke toxicity
The degree of damage or injury, which is caused by the toxic and harmful substances
in the smoke.
[Source: GB 8624-2012, 3.19, modified]
3.4
Melting behavior
The characteristics of melting droplets, foaming and other phenomena of material,
under the impact of thermal radiation.
3.5
Capability to repel fuel or lubricant
The ability of the material to remain non-wetted, under the action of contact with
fuel oil.
3.6
Commercial bus interior materials
Single material or composite materials, which are used in commercial bus.
Note: The interior materials of commercial bus do not include electrical components (such
as air-conditioning assembly control switches, wire harnesses, electrical control panels,
navigators, radios, DVD modules, driving instrument clusters, and other electrical modules),
lamps, steering wheels, airbags (curtain), body damping pads, sandwich panels whose outer
layer is made of metal materials and whose inner layer is made of non-metallic materials.
3.7
Single material
A homogeneous monolithic material, which is composed of the same material.
Note: If different materials are intermittently joined together (such as sewing, welding,
riveting), this material is not considered to be a composite material, BUT each material is a
single material.
[Source: GB 8410-2006, 2.3, modified]
3.8
Composite material
The material, which is formed by two or more layers of similar or different materials,
the surfaces of which are fully and tightly bonded together by different methods
such as welding and bonding.
[Source: GB 8410-2006, 2.2, modified]
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Material classification
The interior materials of commercial bus shall be classified according to the applied
materials in Table 1, included interior materials, used parts.
4.2.2 The size of the interior material shall be measured according to the largest
rectangle, which is covered by the projection of its components assembled in the vehicle
facing the occupant direction.
4.2.3 Interior parts, that meet the following minimum size requirements, shall be tested
for flame retardancy:
a) Interior parts, which have a width not less than 100 mm and a length not less than
356 mm;
b) The same type of interior parts used inside the vehicle, which has a width of not
less than 100 mm, the length of less than 356 mm but not less than 138 mm,
meanwhile has an accumulative use length of not less than 1000 mm;
c) The same type of interior parts used inside the vehicle, which has a width of not
less than 100 mm but not less than 20 mm, the length of less than 356 mm,
meanwhile has an accumulative use length of not less than 2000 mm.
4.2.4 If the interior parts contain cavities, meanwhile the parts without cavities do not
meet the minimum size requirements, the test can be exempted.
4.2.5 When the interior parts can be separated into single material and composite
material, the test results of the separated materials shall be judged according to the
requirements in Table 2.
Example:
If the side panel is composed of PVC skin wrapped PP sheet, the PVC skin after splitting shall
be judged according to the technical requirements of "Others" in Item 5 "Leather material" of
Table 2; the PP sheet shall be judged according to the technical requirements of Item 1 "Interior
panel" in Table 2.
4.2.6 When interior materials of the same material, process, thickness, manufacturer are
used in multiple parts, the technical requirements shall cover the maximum limit
requirements for all parts of the interior material.
5 Test method
5.1 Sampling of test samples
Sampling shall be carried out, according to the provisions of Appendix A.
5.2 Horizontal combustion
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB 8410.
5.3 Vertical combustion
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB/T 32086.
5.4 Oxygen index
5.4.1 Textile materials shall be tested, according to the provisions of GB/T 5454.
5.4.2 Rubber materials shall be tested, according to the provisions of GB/T 10707.
5.4.3 Plastics, fiber-reinforced plastics, leather materials and other materials shall be
tested, according to the provisions of GB/T 2406.2.
5.4.4 To carry out the oxygen index test of the interior material, it may use the simplified
method C in Chapter 10 of GB/T 2406.2-2009, meanwhile explain it in the test report.
5.5 Smoke density
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB/T 8627. The test result is expressed
by the smoke density level.
5.6 Combustion performance level
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB/T 11785 and GB/T 8626.
5.7 Levels of smoke production characteristics
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB/T 11785.
5.8 Smoke toxicity level
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of GB/T 20285.
5.9 Melting properties
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of Appendix B.
5.10 Capability to repel fuel or lubricant
Carry out the test, according to the provisions of Appendix C.
6 Transition period requirements for implementation
Models that have obtained type approval will be implemented on the 13th month, from
the date of implementation of this document.
specimen support shall be a metal ring.
B.1.3 Stainless steel grid
The structure of the stainless steel grid is as shown in Figure B.1. The size shall meet
the following requirements:
a) Mesh size: A square with a side length of 2.1 mm;
b) Diameter of stainless steel wire: 0.7 mm.
B.1.4 Containers
B.1.4.1 The container is a cylindrical tube, which has an inner diameter of 118 mm and
a depth of 12 mm. See Figure B.1 for the structure. Absorbent cotton shall be laid flat
in the container.
B.1.4.2 The electric heater is installed on the top of the support, with the radiating
surface facing down, meanwhile the radiating surface shall be able to completely cover
the surface of the specimen. The electric heater shall have a corresponding displacement
device, to realize slow removal and reset; the electric heater, specimen holder and
container shall be kept on the same vertical plane.
B.2 Electric heater
B.2.1 Confirmation of electric heater
Electric heaters shall be verified by a pyranometer with a measuring range not
exceeding 10 W/cm2. The irradiated surface of the pyranometer is round and flat, which
has a surface diameter of not more than 10 mm, meanwhile it is coated with a heat-
resistant matte black coating. The bolometer shall be placed in a circular polished metal
panel, which has a diameter of 25 mm. The bolometer shall have a water cooling system;
the bolometer accuracy shall not exceed ±3%.
B.2.2 Validation period
The power of the electric heater is 3 W/cm2; it shall be confirmed once it has been used
for 50 hours. If the power deviation is greater than 0.06 W/cm2 during confirmation,
the electric heater shall be readjusted and confirmed.
B.2.3 Validation process
The instrument is placed in an environment which has no air circulation (air velocity
does not exceed 0.2 m/s). Place the bolometer at the position, where the specimen is
placed in the instrument, to ensure that the bolometer is located in the center of the
radiation surface. Turn on the power and control the input power of the electric heater
to 3 W/cm2 as required. If the bolometer shows 3 W/cm2 continuously within 5 minutes
without adjusting the power, the electric heater is considered to be stable.
B.3 Specimen
B.3.1 Specimen size
B.3.1.1 The size of the specimen is 70 mm in length, 70 mm in width, no more than 13
mm in thickness.
B.3.1.2 When the thickness of the interior material exceeds 13 mm:
a) When the interior material is a single material, use mechanical methods to cut
from the non-exposed surface, so that the thickness of the specimen including the
exposed surface is 13 mm, AND the number of specimens is 4;
b) When the interior material is a composite material, mechanical methods shall be
used to sample from the front and back. The front sampling shall be cut from the
non-exposed surface, so that the thickness of the specimen including the exposed
surface is 13 mm; the reverse sampling shall be cut from the exposed surface, so
that the thickness of the specimen including the non-exposed surface is 13 mm.
The number of specimens is 4 on the front and 4 on the back.
B.3.1.3 Before the test, each specimen shall be weighed and recorded; the mass of each
specimen shall not be less than 2 g. If the mass is less than 2 g, the mass of the specimen
can be made to meet the test requirements by stacking; meanwhile the mass of the
specimen after stacking can be recorded.
B.3.2 Specimen pretreatment
Before the test, the specimen shall be placed at least 24 h, under the conditions of
temperature 23 °C ± 2 °C and relative humidity 50% ± 5%.
B.3.3 Absorbent cotton pretreatment
Before the test, the absorbent cotton shall be placed for at least 24 hours at a temperature
of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of not more than 20%.
B.4 Test method
B.4.1 Place the specimen on the support. Ensure that the distance -- between the
specimen on the support and the radiation surface is 30 mm. At the same time, adjust
the container containing the absorbent cotton, to keep the distance -- between the top
of the absorbent cotton and the bottom of the support grid -- at 300 mm.
B.4.2 Before the test, first rotate the electric heater away from the specimen, to ensure
that the specimen is not radiated; then turn on the electric heater. When the radiation
power reaches 3 W/cm2, set the test time for 5 minutes. Then rotate the electric heater,
to directly above the specimen. Start timekeeping.
B.4.3 During the test, if the specimen does not burn within 5 minutes, the test ends. If
The test liquid shall be No.0 diesel.
C.2.3 Specimen pretreatment
The specimen is placed at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50%
± 5%, for 24 hours. Then the test is carried out immediately.
C.3 Test environment
The entire test process shall be carried out in an environment with a temperature of
23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%.
C.4 Test method
C.4.1 The specimen shall be weighed before the test.
C.4.2 Place the exposed surface of the specimen upwards, on the base of the equipment.
Place the metal cylinder at the center of the specimen. Apply sufficient pressure through
the stud, to make the metal cylinder tightly bonded to the specimen.
C.4.3 Inject the test liquid into the metal cylinder, to a height of 20 mm. Then let it
stand for 24 hours. The liquid shall not leak during the test.
C.4.4 After the test, take out the test liquid first. Then loosen the stud, to remove the
metal cylinder. Finally take out the specimen. If a residue of the test liquid is found on
the specimen, it shall be removed without compressing the specimen. The specimen
shall be weighed, after removing the residue.
C.5 Result determination
If the mass of the specimen, after the test, increases by no more than 1 g, as compared
with the mass of the specimen, before the test, it is judged as qualified.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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