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GB/Z 42285-2022: Road vehicles - ASIL determination guidelines for electrical and electronic system
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GB
GUIDANCE TECHNICAL DOCUMENT FOR
ICS 43.040
CCS T 35
Road vehicles - ASIL determination guidelines for electrical
and electronic system
Issued on. DECEMBER 30, 2022
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Hazard analysis and risk assessment... 6
Appendix A (Informative) Movement at whole vehicle level... 19
Appendix B (Informative) Guidelines for severity rating... 21
Appendix C (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment of
steering function... 27
Appendix D (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for drive
and transmission functions... 31
Appendix E (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for
suspension control function... 48
Appendix F (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for
braking and parking brake functions... 52
References... 60
1 Scope
This document presents methods for determining the ASIL (Automotive Safety
Integrity Level) of electrical and electronic systems in road vehicles. Determining
ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) of electrical and electronic systems is
required by GB/T 34590.3-2022.
This document applies to safety-related systems, which incorporate one or more
electrical/electronic systems, as installed on mass-produced road vehicles other than
mopeds.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated
references, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this
document.
GB/T 34590 (all parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety
GB/T 34590.1-2022 Road vehicles - Functional safety - Part 1.Vocabulary (ISO
26262-1.2018, MOD)
GB/T 34590.3-2022 Road vehicles - Functional safety - Part 3.Concept phase
(ISO 26262-3.2018, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 34590.1-2022, as well as the following
terms and definitions, apply to this document.
4 Hazard analysis and risk assessment
4.1 Identification of hazards
Hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) is an analysis process, that identifies
potential hazards and combines them with operating scenarios, to form a set of
specific hazard events, assessing the risk of each hazard event, to determine its ASIL
level and safety goals.
4.2 Risk assessment
4.2.1 Overview
In the risk assessment process, it is assumed that the abnormal function of the
dependent item will cause one or more hazards.
4.2.2 Step 1.Determine the probability of exposure
4.2.2.1 General information
According to GB/T 34590.3-2022, the exposure probability of vehicle's operation
scenarios can be specified as one of the five levels in Table 4.Table 4 summarizes
the examples of Table 2, B.2, B.3 in Appendix B of in GB/T 34590.3-2022;
4.2.2.3 Frequency-based probability of exposure
The exposure probability level can be determined, not only by the vehicle operating
scenarios where the abnormal function directly causes the hazardous event (related
to the duration of the scenario), but also by the scenarios where the fault that appears
at an earlier point in time and latent in the system AND causes hazard event, in a
certain scenario or situation. Therefore, the occurrence of such a scenario combined
with the pre-existing faults will directly trigger the hazard event, regardless of its
duration.
4.2.2.4 Vehicle operation scenarios
Figure 2 gives a series of scenarios of vehicle operation as a reference. This list of
examples cannot be considered exhaustive; in many cases, these scenarios can be
combined, to reduce or simplify the scenarios considered in the hazard analysis and
risk assessment (refer to 6.4.2 in GB/T 34590.3-2022).
4.2.4 Step 3.Determine controllability
4.2.4.1 General information
According to GB/T 34590.3-2022, the controllability of hazardous events is one of
the four levels as shown in Table 6.
4.2.4.2 Guidelines for assigning controllability levels
The level of controllability can be determined, using existing data, by testing in
simulators or vehicles, OR by consulting an interdisciplinary team of experts (e.g.,
human factors). The controllability level shall be determined, based on the target
market situation (e.g., control ability of traffic participants, scene factors, etc.).
4.3 Relationship between safety goals and safety status
When performing a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, the output is a set of
safety objectives to ensure safe operation.
Example. Suppose there is such a system. the safety goal of the system is to avoid a certain
malfunction, meanwhile the ASIL level of the safety goal is very high. However, functional
safety engineers mistakenly defined this system failure as a "safe state", during concept
phase development, because it was assigned a lower ASIL level in previous project
development. Later, in the hardware design stage of assessing component failure risk, based
on single-point failure metrics, it was found that the safety mechanism defined in the
conceptual stage could cause system failure, instead of reducing system risk; the technical
safety concept was self-contradictory. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to
redefine the "safe state", OR redefine the failure mode; meanwhile re-do the hazard analysis
and risk assessment at the same time.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Movement at whole vehicle level
This Appendix briefly discusses possible vehicle-level motions, along different
vehicle axes. Figure A.1 shows the direction of motion of the vehicle, which has a
total of 6 degrees of freedom. The three straight arrows x, y, z represent the
longitudinal, lateral, vertical directions of motion, respectively, whilst the rotations p,
q, r around these three directions are roll, pitch, yaw, respectively. Unexpected
dependent item behavior can potentially affect the vehicle's motion, along one or
more axes.
Appendix B
(Informative)
Guidelines for severity rating
B.1 General introduction
This Appendix contains general information on assigning severity levels to vehicle
movement control hazards, that form part of the hazard analysis and risk assessment.
However, the content in this Appendix is not exhaustive and complete, which shall
be noted in the application.
GB/Z 42285-2022
GB
GUIDANCE TECHNICAL DOCUMENT FOR
ICS 43.040
CCS T 35
Road vehicles - ASIL determination guidelines for electrical
and electronic system
Issued on. DECEMBER 30, 2022
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Hazard analysis and risk assessment... 6
Appendix A (Informative) Movement at whole vehicle level... 19
Appendix B (Informative) Guidelines for severity rating... 21
Appendix C (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment of
steering function... 27
Appendix D (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for drive
and transmission functions... 31
Appendix E (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for
suspension control function... 48
Appendix F (Informative) Example of hazard analysis and risk assessment for
braking and parking brake functions... 52
References... 60
1 Scope
This document presents methods for determining the ASIL (Automotive Safety
Integrity Level) of electrical and electronic systems in road vehicles. Determining
ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) of electrical and electronic systems is
required by GB/T 34590.3-2022.
This document applies to safety-related systems, which incorporate one or more
electrical/electronic systems, as installed on mass-produced road vehicles other than
mopeds.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated
references, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for
undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this
document.
GB/T 34590 (all parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety
GB/T 34590.1-2022 Road vehicles - Functional safety - Part 1.Vocabulary (ISO
26262-1.2018, MOD)
GB/T 34590.3-2022 Road vehicles - Functional safety - Part 3.Concept phase
(ISO 26262-3.2018, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 34590.1-2022, as well as the following
terms and definitions, apply to this document.
4 Hazard analysis and risk assessment
4.1 Identification of hazards
Hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) is an analysis process, that identifies
potential hazards and combines them with operating scenarios, to form a set of
specific hazard events, assessing the risk of each hazard event, to determine its ASIL
level and safety goals.
4.2 Risk assessment
4.2.1 Overview
In the risk assessment process, it is assumed that the abnormal function of the
dependent item will cause one or more hazards.
4.2.2 Step 1.Determine the probability of exposure
4.2.2.1 General information
According to GB/T 34590.3-2022, the exposure probability of vehicle's operation
scenarios can be specified as one of the five levels in Table 4.Table 4 summarizes
the examples of Table 2, B.2, B.3 in Appendix B of in GB/T 34590.3-2022;
4.2.2.3 Frequency-based probability of exposure
The exposure probability level can be determined, not only by the vehicle operating
scenarios where the abnormal function directly causes the hazardous event (related
to the duration of the scenario), but also by the scenarios where the fault that appears
at an earlier point in time and latent in the system AND causes hazard event, in a
certain scenario or situation. Therefore, the occurrence of such a scenario combined
with the pre-existing faults will directly trigger the hazard event, regardless of its
duration.
4.2.2.4 Vehicle operation scenarios
Figure 2 gives a series of scenarios of vehicle operation as a reference. This list of
examples cannot be considered exhaustive; in many cases, these scenarios can be
combined, to reduce or simplify the scenarios considered in the hazard analysis and
risk assessment (refer to 6.4.2 in GB/T 34590.3-2022).
4.2.4 Step 3.Determine controllability
4.2.4.1 General information
According to GB/T 34590.3-2022, the controllability of hazardous events is one of
the four levels as shown in Table 6.
4.2.4.2 Guidelines for assigning controllability levels
The level of controllability can be determined, using existing data, by testing in
simulators or vehicles, OR by consulting an interdisciplinary team of experts (e.g.,
human factors). The controllability level shall be determined, based on the target
market situation (e.g., control ability of traffic participants, scene factors, etc.).
4.3 Relationship between safety goals and safety status
When performing a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, the output is a set of
safety objectives to ensure safe operation.
Example. Suppose there is such a system. the safety goal of the system is to avoid a certain
malfunction, meanwhile the ASIL level of the safety goal is very high. However, functional
safety engineers mistakenly defined this system failure as a "safe state", during concept
phase development, because it was assigned a lower ASIL level in previous project
development. Later, in the hardware design stage of assessing component failure risk, based
on single-point failure metrics, it was found that the safety mechanism defined in the
conceptual stage could cause system failure, instead of reducing system risk; the technical
safety concept was self-contradictory. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to
redefine the "safe state", OR redefine the failure mode; meanwhile re-do the hazard analysis
and risk assessment at the same time.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Movement at whole vehicle level
This Appendix briefly discusses possible vehicle-level motions, along different
vehicle axes. Figure A.1 shows the direction of motion of the vehicle, which has a
total of 6 degrees of freedom. The three straight arrows x, y, z represent the
longitudinal, lateral, vertical directions of motion, respectively, whilst the rotations p,
q, r around these three directions are roll, pitch, yaw, respectively. Unexpected
dependent item behavior can potentially affect the vehicle's motion, along one or
more axes.
Appendix B
(Informative)
Guidelines for severity rating
B.1 General introduction
This Appendix contains general information on assigning severity levels to vehicle
movement control hazards, that form part of the hazard analysis and risk assessment.
However, the content in this Appendix is not exhaustive and complete, which shall
be noted in the application.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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