GB/T 6519-2024 PDF English
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GB/T 6519-2024 | English | 760 |
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Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy products
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GB/T 6519-2013 | English | 430 |
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Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy products
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GB/T 6519-2000 | English | 279 |
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Process for ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminum alloy products
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GB/T 6519-1986 | English | RFQ |
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Ultrasonic testing method for products of wrought aluminum-alloy
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GB/T 6519-2024: Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium alloy products---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT6519-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.20
CCS H 26
Replacing GB/T 6519-2013
Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium
alloy products
Issued on: MARCH 15, 2024
Implemented on: OCTOBER 01, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Method overview... 6
5 Inspection conditions... 7
6 Materials... 7
7 Instruments and equipment... 8
8 Sample... 14
9 Inspection... 16
10 Inspection records... 30
11 Quality assurance and control... 30
12 Inspection report... 31
Appendix A (Normative) Standard test block... 32
Appendix B (Normative) Comparison test block... 43
Appendix C (Normative) Dynamic test reference specimen... 64
Appendix D (Normative) Inspection technology, inspection documents, inspection
mode description... 66
Appendix E (Informative) Lamb wave inspection method for 1 mm ~ 6 mm thick
aluminum alloy sheet... 68
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020
"Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of
standardizing documents".
This document replaces GB/T 6519-2013 "Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium
and magnesium alloy products". Compared with GB/T 6519-2013, in addition to
structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) CHANGE the method overview, indicating the factors affecting the flaw detection
results (see Chapter 4; Chapter 4 of the 2013 edition);
b) CHANGE the requirements for inspectors (see 5.1; Chapter 5 of the 2013 edition);
c) CHANGE the inspection environment requirements, clarifying the inspection
temperature (see 5.2; Chapter 6 of the 2013 edition);
d) CHANGE the materials, detailing the requirements for standard test blocks and
comparison test blocks (see Chapter 6; 7.1 of the 2013 edition);
e) ADD the requirements for dynamic test reference specimens (see 6.1.3);
f) CHANGE the probe (see 7.1; 7.2 of the 2013 edition);
g) CHANGE the ultrasonic testing instrument (see 7.2; 7.3 of the 2013 edition);
h) ADD the test mode and test method (see 9.1);
i) ADD the testing reliability verification requirements for special types of defects
(see 9.7);
j) ADD the dynamic scanning verification requirements (see 9.8);
k) CHANGE the quality acceptance level, adding the assessment requirements for
intensive defects (see 9.10; 9.2.7.2 of the 2013 edition);
l) ADD the post-test processing of samples and test marking (see 9.11);
m) ADD the quality assurance and control (see Chapter 11).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing
agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document was proposed by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for
Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium and magnesium
alloy products
1 Scope
This document describes the ultrasonic inspection method for wrought aluminum and
aluminum alloys, wrought magnesium and magnesium alloy products.
This document is applicable to ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminum and
aluminum alloys, wrought magnesium and magnesium alloy products, using ultrasonic
pulse reflection technology.
This document is not applicable to ultrasonic inspection of castings, welded parts,
layered composites, which are produced by aluminum, magnesium and their alloys.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential terms of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 18694 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Characterization of
search unit and sound field
GB/T 18852 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Reference blocks and test
procedures for the characterization of contact probe sound beams
GB/T 19799.1 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for
calibration block No.1
GB/T 28880 Non-destructive testing - Evaluating performance characteristics of
ultrasonic pulse-echo testing systems without the use of electronic measurement
instruments
JJG 746 Verification regulation for ultrasonic flaw detectors
YS/T 874 Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium alloy columniform ingots by
the water immersion method
YS/T 1187 Ultrasonic inspection of aluminium and aluminium alloy thin-walled
tubing
YS/T 1188 Ultrasonic inspection of wrought aluminium alloy ingots
YS/T 1633 Ultrasonic phased array inspection method for deformed aluminum and
aluminum alloy products
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 12604.1, apply to this document.
4 Method overview
The piezoelectric crystal in the probe generates ultrasonic waves under the stimulation
of electric pulses. The ultrasonic waves propagate in the sample under test through the
coupling medium. If they encounter defects (heterogeneous interfaces), they will
generate reflected waves and refracted waves, which will be received by the probe. The
piezoelectric crystal in the probe converts the ultrasonic waves into electrical signals,
which are received by the instrument for signal processing, amplification, display. The
displayed information is compared with the ultrasonic response signal of the known
ultrasonic reference reflector specified in the acceptance standard; the value and
position of the detected defects are evaluated, to assess the quality of the sample under
test.
Note 1.Due to the surface state, geometric shape, inclination of the ultrasonic beam
perpendicular to the incident surface of the sample under test, the amplitude of the defect and
the bottom reflection wave may be reduced. These factors will seriously reduce the reliability
of the test results of the ultrasonic inspection method specified in this document.
Note 2.The assessment of the defect equivalent value is affected by factors such as the
characteristics of the probe, the surface state of the defect, the nature and shape of the defect.
The comparison and assessment of the ultrasonic inspection defect test data specified in this
document with the data of the recognized ultrasonic reference reflector test is carried out under
restricted conditions; it is difficult to determine the actual size of the defect detected in the
sample under test.
Note 3.Because there are many variables in the inspection system that affect the results of
ultrasonic inspection, it is difficult to determine the actual quantitative impact of the detected
defects on the mechanical properties of the inspected samples. Although this method provides
a reliable method for quality control in product manufacturing, it is inappropriate to use it as a
special indication of the final performance and quality of the product processing workpiece
inspected in this document.
5 Inspection conditions
5.1 Inspectors
5.1.1 Ultrasonic inspectors shall pass the training and examination of the nationally
recognized or customer-recognized non-destructive testing professional certification
body; obtain the corresponding level of qualification certificate.
5.1.2 Ultrasonic inspectors shall perform ultrasonic inspection work, in accordance with
the technical level of their qualification certificates.
5.1.3 Ultrasonic inspectors shall also receive training on the operation of this document,
inspection procedures, inspection equipment before taking up their posts. They may
only take up their posts after passing the examination and obtaining approval from the
enterprise's top management or its authorized representative.
5.2 Inspection environment
5.2.1 The inspection environment temperature should be kept within the range of 22 °C
± 15 °C; the sample temperature shall be the same as the ambient temperature.
5.2.2 The inspection environment shall not have strong magnetism, vibration, high
frequency, large dust, large mechanical noise, corrosive gas.
5.2.3 The inspection site shall be safe, with sufficient space and appropriate light, to
ensure the validity of the inspection results.
6 Materials
6.1 Standard test blocks, comparison test blocks, dynamic test reference specimens
6.1.1 Standard test blocks shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A.
6.1.2 Comparison test blocks shall comply with the provisions of Appendix B.
6.1.3 Dynamic test reference specimens shall comply with the provisions of Appendix
C.
6.2 Coupling agent
The coupling agent shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.The same coupling
agent shall be used for benchmark sensitivity adjustment, sample inspection, defect
assessment.
according to the provisions of 7.1.2.2.
7.1.2.1.2 When the contact method test uses a circular straight probe and the immersion
method test uses a circular flat probe, the ratio -- of the minimum value to the maximum
value of the effective sound beam -- as measured at the last sound pressure maximum
of the probe shall be greater than 0.75; there shall be no obvious side lobes during the
test.
7.1.2.1.3 When using a shear wave probe, it shall test the sound incident point, front
edge distance, refraction angle. When the refraction angle deviates from the nominal
value by more than 2°, the probe angle shall be corrected before use.
7.1.2.1.4 When using a focusing probe, it shall test the focal length, focal column length,
focal size in water.
7.1.2.1.5 When using a brush probe, adjust the test parameters under the working water
distance setting, so that the ultrasonic response amplitude of the flat-bottom hole of the
acceptance level is 50% of the vertical limit. Test the sensitivity consistency along the
long side of the probe within the effective sound beam range. The change of the
ultrasonic response amplitude of the flat-bottom hole shall be within the range of 40%
~ 60% of the vertical limit. Make a test ultrasonic response amplitude distribution
diagram, to determine the lowest sensitive area of the probe.
7.1.2.1.6 When the probe is used for the first time, the peak frequency of the probe shall
be tested. The peak frequency deviation of the probe is ±10% of the nominal frequency.
7.1.2.1.7 The distance-gain ultrasonic response curve of the probe shall be made
according to the provisions of 7.1.2.3.The signal-to-noise ratio shall be greater than 2.1.
7.1.2.1.8 The test data shall be compared with the initial test data. The deviation of the
distance-gain ultrasonic response curve, when using the contact method test probe, shall
not be greater than 6 dB; the deviation of the distance-gain ultrasonic response curve,
when using the immersion method test probe, shall not be greater than 2 dB.
7.1.2.1.9 Phased array probes shall comply with the provisions of YS/T 1633.
7.1.2.2 Test effective sound beam
7.1.2.2.1 In a group of flat bottom hole comparison test blocks with the same hole
diameter, hole depth but different burial depth, at least select the comparison test blocks
with flat bottom hole burial depths of 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 of the inspection range, the upper
surface resolution, as well as the last sound pressure maximum value for effective sound
beam test. The flat bottom hole diameter is the minimum size required by the acceptance
level. For the immersion test probe, the effective sound beam of the probe can be tested
with a steel ball.
7.1.2.2.2 Move the probe to the top of the flat bottom hole of the comparison test block.
Move the probe to find the maximum ultrasonic response amplitude of the flat bottom
hole. Adjust the instrument gain, so that the amplitude is 80% of the vertical limit. At
this position, move the probe forward and backward or left and right respectively, until
the ultrasonic response amplitude drops to 40% of the vertical limit. Move the probe in
the opposite direction to be beyond the maximum ultrasonic response, until the
ultrasonic response amplitude drops to 40% of the vertical limit again. Measure the
distance between the two center positions of the probe, which is the effective sound
beam size of the probe.
7.1.2.2.3 The circular probe shall be tested for effective sound beams in two vertical
directions; the dual crystal probe shall be tested for effective sound beams in the
direction parallel to the sound insulation layer; the brush probe shall be tested for
effective sound beams in the direction parallel to the long side.
7.1.2.2.4 When using a multi-channel ultrasonic system for inspection, all probes shall
be tested for effective sound beams.
7.1.2.2.5 When the instrument is replaced or repaired, or when the water path distance
of the water immersion test probe changes, the effective sound beam test shall be re-
performed.
7.1.2.3 Make a distance-gain ultrasonic response curve
7.1.2.3.1 Place the longitudinal wave probe above the flat bottom hole of the
comparison test block. Move the probe, to find the maximum ultrasonic response
amplitude of the flat bottom hole. Adjust the instrument gain, so that the amplitude is
80% of the vertical limit. Record the gain value at this time. Use the same method to
test each flat bottom hole with different burial depths. Draw a distance-gain ultrasonic
response curve. For the brush probe, determine the probe's lowest sensitivity area based
on the ultrasonic response amplitude distribution diagram of the test. Make a distance-
gain ultrasonic response curve.
7.1.2.3.2 Place the shear wave probe on the test surface of the comparison test block.
Move the probe to find the maximum ultrasonic response amplitude of the ultrasonic
reference reflector. Adjust the instrument gain, so that the amplitude is 80% of the
vertical limit. Record the gain value at this time. Use the same method to test each
ultrasonic reference reflector with different burial depths. Make a distance-gain
ultrasonic response curve.
7.1.3 Probe quality certificate and identification
7.1.3.1 The exit-factory quality certificate of conventional probes shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 18694 and GB/T 18852 and meet the procurement requirements.
The quality certificate of phased array probes shall comply with the provisions of YS/T
1633 and meet the procurement requirements.
7.2.2 The ultrasonic phased array tester shall comply with the provisions of YS/T 1633.
7.2.3 The ultrasonic tester shall be calibrated annually or before the first use or after the
parts are overhauled and replaced and shall comply with the provisions of 7.2.1.
7.2.4 The power supply of the ultrasonic tester shall be stable. When the signal
amplitude of the ultrasonic tester is adjusted to 50% of the vertical limit, the change of
the signal amplitude of the ultrasonic tester caused by voltage fluctuation shall be within
the range of 47.5% ~ 52.5% of the vertical limit. When the signal amplitude fluctuation
exceeds this range, a voltage stabilizer shall be added or the battery shall be replaced.
7.2.5 All equipment used to evaluate the ultrasonic tester shall be traceable.
7.2.6 When the purchaser has special requirements for product inspection, the minimum
performance indicators and test methods of the instrument shall be determined by
negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
7.3 Auxiliary devices
7.3.1 Auxiliary devices for automatic water immersion inspection
The auxiliary devices for automatic water immersion inspection shall enable the sound
energy to be effectively transmitted into the inspected sample, have strong anti-
interference ability, convenient operation, safe use, stable and reliable operation, at least
including a water tank or probe and inspected sample sound transmission coupling
device, an automatic inspection transmission device, a probe manipulator, a probe
reference control device, etc. The specific requirements are as follows.
- In the automatic scanning of longitudinal wave vertical incidence, the probe can
always keep the sound beam vertically incident on the inspection surface;
- The mechanical movement accuracy of the probe manipulator shall be calibrated
at least once a year;
- The water tank or water supply device shall be able to immerse the inspected part
of the sample, so that the water distance meets the inspection requirements,
meanwhile the probe shall have enough space for smooth movement;
- The automatic water immersion inspection transmission device shall enable the
probe to move smoothly within the inspection range; the steering gear shall be able
to accurately adjust the probe angle; the bridge shall have sufficient strength to
provide rigid support for the manipulator and the probe steering device, meanwhile
it can smoothly and accurately position the probe at the required position;
- The probe steering device shall be able to provide probe angle adjustment within
two mutually perpendicular planes, which have an error of no more than ±0.5°. The
scanning step and positioning deviation of the scanning device shall not exceed 2.5
mm; the water distance shall be adjustable;
- If the size or geometry of the sample under test cannot use the steering device, there
shall be a probe reference control device to control the water distance and the sound
beam angle. Whether the sample under test or the probe moves, the water distance
and the direction of incidence of the sound beam shall not change during the
inspection;
- When the special probe support fixture can meet the specified requirements of the
manipulator and bridge, meanwhile it can obtain test results equivalent to those of
the probe manipulator, these special probe fixtures can be used.
7.3.2 Water immersion manual auxiliary device
If the clamp of the water immersion manual manipulator probe is used, the water
distance and the incident angle of the probe sound beam shall be controlled, to ensure
that the probe and the sample under test maintain a certain water distance. The probe
angle shall be unchanged and the water distance shall be stable during the inspection.
7.3.3 Auxiliary device for contact method
During contact method inspection, the probe is usually placed on the inspection surface
of the sample to be inspected. When a special fixture can ensure the validity of the
inspection results, a special fixture can be used.
8 Sample
8.1 Inspection surface
8.1.1 The inspection surface of the sample shall be determined through negotiation by
the supplier and the buyer, based on the processing deformation characteristics, defect
distribution law, defect characteristics, use requirements of the sample; it shall be
indicated in the drawings, order forms (or contracts). For forgings and profiles, it shall
also indicate the processing allowance.
8.1.2 If not specified in the drawing, order (or contract), the inspection surface shall be
determined, so that the central axis of the sound beam is perpendicular to the main plane
of the defect. The sound beam of forgings, extrusions, rolled parts, etc. shall be
perpendicular to the metal flow line direction (that is, the inspection surface is parallel
to the metal flow line direction). Under normal circumstances, the inspection surfaces
of various products are as follows.
- The inspection surface of plates, bars, pipes is the sample surface;
- When the ratio -- of the long side to the short side of forgings or profile samples
with rectangular cross-sections -- is less than 3.1, they shall be inspected along two
comply with the provisions of the corresponding product standards.
8.2.3 In the case of meeting the conditions for ultrasonic inspection, the sample
inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the following provisions.
- The sample's exit-factory inspection shall be carried out after the final heat
treatment of the sample or before packaging;
- The sample quality assessment can be carried out in any process, such as solution
heat treatment, cold processing, straightening, machining;
- When the sample is re-heat treated or plastically deformed, it shall be re-inspected;
- When the sample part needs to be machined, it should complete the inspection
before machining.
9 Inspection
9.1 Selection of inspection technology and inspection mode
9.1.1 The ultrasonic longitudinal wave inspection mode shall be used to inspect wrought
aluminum and magnesium alloy products, so that the sound beam is vertically incident
on the inspection surface parallel to the metal flow line. If additional modes are helpful
for the quality control of the inspected samples, these additional inspection modes can
be used. According to the inspection requirements and defect characteristics, the
appropriate inspection mode can be selected for inspection.
9.1.2 When the main plane of the defect is perpendicular to the inspection surface or at
a large angle to the inspection surface, the ultrasonic shear wave inspection mode is
used for inspection. The shear wave inspection shall be carried out at least twice; the
propagation direction of the sound beam of the first scan shall be opposite to that of the
second scan.
9.1.3 When the specific ultrasonic inspection technology is not clearly specified in the
product standard, the supplier and the buyer shall negotiate and determine the
inspection technology, in accordance with Appendix D.
9.1.4 The use of any additional inspection mode and acceptance criteria shall be
determined by the supplier and the buyer, written into the order (or contract) or technical
agreement, specified in the inspection procedure or inspection process card before the
inspection can be implemented.
9.2 Determine the surface inspection resolution
9.2.1 When the surface machining allowance of the inspected sample is not given, the
incident surface resolution of the forging shall comply with the provisions of Figure 1;
9.4.2 If the difference is not greater than 2 dB, no correction or compensation is required.
If the difference is greater than 2 dB, the difference in acoustic transmission
characteristics between the comparison test block and the sample under test shall be
compensated, during the initial scan and defect assessment. If the difference is greater
than 12 dB or causes the test signal-to-noise ratio to be less than 2.1, the selected
comparison test block is not applicable.
9.4.3 The test points on the sample under test for transmission correction test shall be
representative, with no less than 4 test points; the lowest ultrasonic response shall be
compared with the bottom wave ultrasonic response of the comparison test block test.
9.4.4 If other methods are used or the purchaser has other requirements, the supplier
and the buyer shall negotiate and determine the transmission correction method for
correction, meanwhile indicate it in the inspection procedure or inspection process card.
9.5 Threshold setting
The defect assessment's threshold setting shall not be greater than 50% of the reference
sensitivity amplitude. If the customer has special requirements, it shall be determined
by negotiation between the supplier and the buyer.
9.6 Scanning sensitivity setting
When the sensitivity is increased, the noise generated shall not affect the reliability of
defect inspection and meet the surface resolution requirements; the threshold setting
level is not changed. The noise response is lower than the threshold. The gain can be
increased under the inspection benchmark sensitivity. The gain control can be increased
by 10 dB at most, for initial scanning.
9.7 Reliability verification of inspection of special types of defects
After consultation between the supplier and the buyer, it should select two or more
representative natural defect comparison samples from the inspected samples, to verify
the correctness and effectiveness of the inspection mode, probe parameters, ultrasonic
reference reflectors, inspection parameters, the inspection sensitivity settings of certain
special types of defects (such as compound filling of thick-walled tube hot cracks, poor
extrusion welding, shrinkage, etc.), to ensure the reliability of the inspection results of
such defects.
9.8 Dynamic scanning verification
In automatic inspection, a dynamic test reference sample containing a known ultrasonic
reference reflector is used for dynamic scanning, to verify the correctness, effectiveness,
reliability of the inspection parameters, inspection sensitivity settings, all probes (multi-
channel inspection) inspections; verify the inspection capability of inspection resolution.
The inspection data collected during the inspection process shall effectively display the
minimum defect required by the acceptance level. If the inspection results are displayed
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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